15 research outputs found
An updated checklist of the scarab beetle fauna of Asinara Island, Sardinia, Italy (Coleoptera: Trogidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Cetoniidae, Dynastidae, Hybosoridae)
The island of Asinara, located in the northwest of Sardinia, is characterized by a large number of feral grazing mammals belonging to four herbivorous species (horse, donkey, mouflon, and goat) and an omnivorous one (wild boar). Hand-collections of scarabs in 2014 and the examination of unpublished records revealed the presence of five species new for Asinara (Trox nodulosus, Ateuchetus laticollis, Sisyphus schaefferi, Caccobius schreberi and Cetonia carthami). Based on all records (published and unpublished) we present a new checklist of the scarab beetle fauna of Asinara which increased from 30 to 43 species belonging to seven families: 2 Trogidae, 2 Geotrupidae, 13 Scarabaeidae, 19 Aphodiidae, 5 Cetoniidae, 1 Dynastidae, and 1 Hybosorida
Digitale Vegetationskartierung des Nationalparks Asinara (Sardinien)
Mit Methoden der Fernerkundung und der digitalen Bildanalyse wird eine digitale Vegetationskartierung fĂŒr die Mittelmeerinsel Asinara (Sardinien) durchgefĂŒhrt. Auf Grundlage von Feldarbeiten und hochauflösenden, multispektralen Satellitenbilddaten (PlĂ©iades, 2 x 2 m) wird eine pixelbasierte Ăberwachte Klassifizierung mittels Maximum-Likelihood-Methode vorgenommen und die Genauigkeit des Resultats anschlieĂend visuell und statistisch ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eindeutige Grenzen der Klassifizierung hochauflösender Bilddaten durch Einzelpixelverfahren auf. Dies wird im Hinblick auf potentielle LösungsvorschlĂ€ge diskutiert. Basierend auf dem Zwischenergebnis wird unter Einbeziehung zusĂ€tzlicher Geodaten und visueller Interpretation eine Ăberarbeitung der Daten vorgenommen. Das Ergebnis stellt die bislang hochauflösendste flĂ€chenhafte Vegetationskartierung fĂŒr den Nationalpark Asinara dar.Using remote sensing techniques and digital image analysis we conducted a digital mapping of vegetation types on the Mediterranean island of Asinara (Sardinia). Based on field data and high resolution satellite pictures (PlĂ©iades, 2 x 2 m) a pixel-based Supervised Classification via Maximum-Likelihood-Algorithm was realised and statistically as well as visually evaluated. The results show clear limits of pixel-based classifications with high resolution data. Editing these interim results by integrating auxiliary geodata together with visual interpretation of orthophotos we accomplished the first extensive high resolution mapping of vegetation types on Asinara
DiversitĂ ecosistemica nel Parco Nazionale dell'Asinara (Sardegna, Italia)
Le aree protette costituiscono uno strumento utile per mantenere la biodiversitĂ a livello ecosistemico, di paesaggio e di specie, ma anche per la promozione dei servizi ecosistemici. Tra i parchi nazionali italiani, uno dei piĂč interessanti dal punto di vista biologico Ăš il Parco Nazionale dellâAsinara, una piccola isola nel nord-ovest della Sardegna. In questo lavoro abbiamo fatto una sintesi delle conoscenze attuali su flora, fauna, vegetazione e habitat, 124 Ann. Mus. Civ. RoveReto 38 (2022) 1 IntroduzIone In tutto il mondo, la biodiversitĂ Ăš in continuo e drammatico declino (IPBES, 2018), tanto che si parla di âsesta estinzione di massa del pianeta Terraâ (Barnosky et al., 2011; Ceballos et al., 2017). Le principali cause di questo declino sono il cambio di destinazione dâuso del territorio, lâurbanizzazione e lâuso non sostenibile delle risorse naturali, associati con il cambiamento climatico (IPCC, 2021, Zerbe, 2022). Nel quadro degli sforzi da compiere per lâattuazione degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (DSDG, 2020) sui sistemi terrestri, costieri e marini, le aree naturali protette sono cruciali. Attualmente la superficie totale di aree protette Ăš circa il 15% sulla terraferma (CBD, 2020), ma i ricercatori suggeriscono di mantenere e ripristinare gli habitat naturali su âalmeno il 50% della superficie terrestreâ (Dinerstein et al., 2019). I parchi nazionali rappresentano una strategia di conservazione per proteggere le specie le cui popolazioni sono suscettibili allâimpatto umano e per promuovere i processi naturali degli ecosistemi. La IUCN definisce i parchi nazionali come aree protette di categoria II cioĂš âgrandi aree naturali o quasi naturali per proteggere processi ecologici su larga scala, insieme alle specie ed ecosistemi caratteristici dellâarea, che forniscono una base anche per opportunitĂ spirituali, scientifiche, educative, ricreative e di visita compatibili con lâambiente e la culturaâ (Dudley, 2008). Lâisola dellâAsinara Ăš uno dei 25 parchi nazionali italiani ed Ăš considerata una delle aree protette piĂč importanti e interessanti dâItalia (Cinquepalmi et al., 2010). Come molti altri parchi nazionali in Italia e in Europa, lâisola combina caratteristiche naturali, semi naturali e culturali che spiegano la diversitĂ di specie ed ecosistemi ivi presenti (Zerbe, 2022). Lâisola Ăš stata studiata in maniera approfondita per quanto riguarda la flora, la fauna, la vegetazione, gli habitat, lâuso del suolo e la storia dellâuso del suolo. In questo lavoro, abbiamo preso in esame la ricca bibliografia relativa a questo territorio per offrire una panoramica utile per lo sviluppo futuro del Parco. 2 MetodI 2.1 Area di studio Lâisola dellâAsinara, con una superficie di 51,9 km2, si trova a nord-ovest della Sardegna (Italia). Ă un Parco Nazionale dal 1997 e unâArea Marina Protetta dal 2002 (Villa et al., 2002; Casu et al., 2006). Inoltre, fa parte della rete europea Natura 2000 (Zona Speciale di Conservazione âIsola dellâAsinaraâ, ITB010082). Lâisola Ăš diventata unâimportante destinazione turistica da quando, con la dismissione della colonia penale presente sullâisola per 112 anni, Ăš stato consentito di visitarla. In base ai dati del Parco, il numero di turisti stimati, pari a 81.400 nel 2010, Ăš aumentato piĂč o meno costantemente fino a 121.597 nel 2016 (Corbau et al., 2019). Il numero massimo di turisti si registra nella stagione estiva, tra maggio e settembre. Oltre al suo paesaggio peculiare, lâisola offre ai visitatori una storia e una cultura uniche (Carboni et al., 2015). Testimonianze dellâantica storia di questa isola risalgono al Neolitico e arrivano fino ai giorni nostri (Corbau et al., 2018). 2.2 Analisi Per la nostra analisi, abbiamo considerato la letteratura prodotta tra il 1909 e il 2022 riguardante specificamente lâAsinara o aree piĂč ampie nelle quali Ăš ricompresa. La nomenclatura delle specie e delle comunitĂ vegetali citate in questo studio Ăš quella originale degli studi quali si riferiscono. 3 rIsultatI Complessivamente, abbiamo preso in considerazione 73 studi, di cui 13 riguardano la geologia, la geomorfologia e il suolo, 3 il clima, 15 la flora, 7 la vegetazione e gli habitat, 23 la fauna, 12 lâuso del suolo e la sua storia e 3 i servizi ecosistemici (Tabella 1). considerando anche i fattori ambientali abiotici e la storia del paesaggio di questo territorio basandoci su piĂč di 70 studi. La gestione futura del Parco Nazionale dovrebbe basarsi sulla combinazione delle risorse naturali e di quelle culturali uniche di questâisola.Protected areas are a useful tool for maintaining biodiversity at the ecosystem, landscape and species level, but also for promoting ecosystem services. Among the Italian national parks, one of the most biologically interesting is the Asinara National Park, an island in the north-west of Sardinia. In this paper, we have summarised current knowledge on flora, fauna, vegetation and habitat, also considering abiotic environmental factors and the landscape history of this area based on more than 70 studies. Future management of the National Park should be based on the combination of the islandâs unique natural and cultural resources
National Park or Cultural Landscape Preservation? What the Soil Seed Bank Reveals for Plant Diversity Conservation
National parks play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, mainly excluding human influence following the IUCN approach. However, in Europe, they are often characterized by a high percentage of traditional cultural landscape elements, which require active management. This calls into question whether the national park protection strategy is always appropriate. Here, we follow this question by taking the soil seed bank of various habitats of the Asinara National Park (Sardinia, Italy) as an example. Asinara is a suitable model region, as the island mainly consists of traditional cultural landscape elements, but the main conservation goals include afforestation plans and nature development promotion, which creates a trade-off between the conservation of forest vs. cultural landscapes. We investigated the soil seed bank, standing vegetation, and environmental factors in different cultural and natural habitats. Since the highest species richness and diversity were revealed for cultural vegetation units, they need to be of primary concern regarding the preservation of the island’s phytodiversity. Given the main objective of the conservation of biodiversity in the Asinara National Park, we conclude that a biosphere reserve with an adapted sustainable land-use management might be more suitable than a national park to account for both natural and cultural landscape preservation. This conclusion applies to many other European national parks
National Park or Cultural Landscape Preservation? What the Soil Seed Bank Reveals for Plant Diversity Conservation
National parks play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, mainly excluding human influence following the IUCN approach. However, in Europe, they are often characterized by a high percentage of traditional cultural landscape elements, which require active management. This calls into question whether the national park protection strategy is always appropriate. Here, we follow this question by taking the soil seed bank of various habitats of the Asinara National Park (Sardinia, Italy) as an example. Asinara is a suitable model region, as the island mainly consists of traditional cultural landscape elements, but the main conservation goals include afforestation plans and nature development promotion, which creates a trade-off between the conservation of forest vs. cultural landscapes. We investigated the soil seed bank, standing vegetation, and environmental factors in different cultural and natural habitats. Since the highest species richness and diversity were revealed for cultural vegetation units, they need to be of primary concern regarding the preservation of the islandâs phytodiversity. Given the main objective of the conservation of biodiversity in the Asinara National Park, we conclude that a biosphere reserve with an adapted sustainable land-use management might be more suitable than a national park to account for both natural and cultural landscape preservation. This conclusion applies to many other European national parks
Location of the Biodiversity Exploratory Schorfheide-Chorin in Germany and a map of the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin.
<p>Dark grey areas indicate forest patches, light grey areas and white areas indicate agricultural fields or grassland areas. Black circles indicate the location of the 50 permanent recording sites in grassland where acoustical monitoring of bats took place.</p
Bat activity on 50 grassland plots in relation to forest extent in the 200m buffer zone throughout five sampling months.
<p>n.s = non significant, P < 0.05 *, P < 0.001 = ***</p
Analysis of deviance table, listing the overall results of the Poisson distributed generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMM) investigating the seasonal importance of forest areas near grassland recording sites for bat species richness and activity.
<p><i>n</i>.<i>s</i> = non significant</p><p>P < 0.1.</p><p><i>P</i> < 0.05 *</p><p><i>P</i><0.01 = **</p><p><i>P</i><0.001 = ***</p><p>Analysis of deviance table, listing the overall results of the Poisson distributed generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMM) investigating the seasonal importance of forest areas near grassland recording sites for bat species richness and activity.</p
Location of the Biodiversity Exploratory Schorfheide-Chorin in Germany and a map of the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin.
<p>Dark grey areas indicate forest patches, light grey areas and white areas indicate agricultural fields or grassland areas. Black circles indicate the location of the 50 permanent recording sites in grassland where acoustical monitoring of bats took place.</p
Ordination of the 50 different sampling plots in an NMDS space based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of bat species composition (weighted by the relative intensity of habitat use).
<p>Points represent the placement of plots and asterisks represent the placement of species within multidimensional space. The landscape variables explaining differences in species composition between plots are represented as vectors and were fitted using the function envfit (R-package vegan, [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134443#pone.0134443.ref050" target="_blank">50</a>]). Significantly important landscape variables have solid lines, the others have dashed lines.</p