Kakvoća tjestenine bogate vlaknima, obogaćene prahom kore lubenice različitih veličina čestica

Research background. Watermelon rind, a by-product of watermelon juice processing, contains large amounts of dietary fibre and phenols with antioxidant capacity. The use of agro-industrial by-products would both improve economic benefits and reduce environmental emissions. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of the particle size of watermelon rind powder on the quality of high-fibre pasta. Experimental approach. The nutritional, physical and physicochemical quality of three samples of watermelon rind powder, sieved through three sieves with aperture size of 400, 210 and 149 μm, were analysed. Durum wheat semolina with watermelon rind powder mass fraction of 10 % were mixed and used to make pasta. Nutritional, textural and cooking quality, sensory acceptability, in vitro glycaemic index and antioxidant bioaccessibility of high-fibre pasta with added watermelon rind powder of different particle sizes were evaluated and compared. Results and conclusions. When the sieve aperture size was reduced from 400 to 149 µm, the soluble dietary fibre and total phenolic contents of watermelon rind powder were increased by 35 and 15 %, respectively, while its insoluble dietary fibre content was decreased by 21 %. Decrease in sieve aperture size from 410 to 149 µm reduced phenolic bioaccessibility of the fortified pasta from 63 to 57 %, but enhanced its predicted glycaemic index from 50 to 69. It also decreased the pasta hardness by 13 %, but improved its elongation rate and tensile strength by 13 and 40 %, respectively. The finer the particles of the watermelon rind powder, the longer the optimal cooking time, the higher the water absorption index, and the lower the cooking loss of the supplemented pasta. Consumers did not notice any significant differences in the overall acceptability among all pasta samples. Novelty and scientific contribution. The particle size of the watermelon rind powder had a major effect on nutritional value, texture and cooking quality of the fortified pasta. In particular, the predicted glycaemic index and antioxidant bioaccessibility of high-fibre pasta were significantly affected by the particle size of the dietary fibre material used in the recipe.Pozadina istraživanja. Kora lubenice, nusproizvod prerade soka lubenice, sadržava velike količine prehrambenih vlakana i fenola s antioksidacijskim svojstvima. Korištenjem agroindustrijskih nusproizvoda poboljšala bi se ekonomska učinkovitost procesa i smanjila emisija u okoliš. Svrha je ovog istraživanja bila ispitati utjecaj veličine čestica praha kore lubenice na kakvoću tjestenine bogate vlaknima. Eksperimentalni pristup. Ispitane su nutritivna, fizikalna i fizikalno-kemijska kakvoća triju uzoraka praha kore lubenice, prosijanih kroz tri sita veličine otvora 400, 210 i 149 μm. Krupica od durum pšenice pomiješana s 10 % praha kore lubenice upotrijebljena je za izradu tjestenine. Procijenjeni su i uspoređeni sljedeći parametri: nutritivna i teksturalna kakvoća te ona nakon kuhanja, senzorska prihvatljivost, in vitro glikemijski indeks i antioksidacijska biološka raspoloživost tjestenine bogate vlaknima s dodatkom praha kore lubenice različitih veličina čestica. Rezultati i zaključci. Smanjenjem veličine otvora sita s 400 na 149 µm povećali su se udjel topljivih prehrambenih vlakana za 35 % i ukupni udjel fenola u prahu kore lubenice za 15 %, dok se udjel netopljivih prehrambenih vlakana smanjio za 21 %. Smanjenjem veličine otvora sita s 400 na 149 µm smanjila se biološka raspoloživost fenola iz obogaćene tjestenine sa 63 na 57 %, ali se njezin predviđeni glikemijski indeks povećao s 50 na 69. Također se smanjila tvrdoća tjestenine za 13 %, no poboljšala se njezina rastezljivost za 13 % i vlačna čvrstoća za 40 %. Što su čestice praha kore lubenice bile sitnije, to je dulje bilo optimalno vrijeme kuhanja, veći je bio indeks upijanja vode i manji gubitak proizvoda nastao kuhanjem. Potrošači nisu primijetili nikakve bitne razlike u ukupnoj prihvatljivosti uzoraka obogaćene tjestenine. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Veličina čestica praha kore lubenice uvelike je utjecala na nutritivnu vrijednost, teksturu i kakvoću obogaćene tjestenine nakon kuhanja. Konkretno, veličina čestica prehrambenih vlakana u materijalu korištenom u recepturi bitno je utjecala na predviđeni glikemijski indeks i antioksidacijsku biološku raspoloživost tjestenine bogate vlaknima

Several prognosis factors of severe pertussis in children treated at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital (2019-2020)

A prospective, descriptive study was conducted on 382 pediatric patients diagnosed with pertussis at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital over a two-year period, from January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2020. Of all patients participating in this study, children with severe conditions accounted for 30.1% (115/382). Several factors were found to be associated with the risk of this condition with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), including a decrease in the duration of the onset phase by 5 days [OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.002-2.34], fever [2.49, 1.18-5.24], cyanosis [9.59, 2.9-31.7], pneumonia [14.45, 6.06-34.5], pulmonary hypertension [4.15, 1.02-16.83], an increase of 10 g/l in white blood cell (WBC) count in the full blood count (FBC) test [1.39, 1.05-1.84], a 5-cycle reduction in Cycle threshold (Ct) value in the pertussis real-time PCR test [1.36, 1.01-1.84], and superinfection [3.94, 1.84-8.48 times]. A WBC count in FBC of ≥30 g/l could be used as a prognostic factor for the risk of severe illness condition (sensitivity 46.1%, specificity 90.6%), the requirement for mechanical ventilation (sensitivity 57.1%, specificity 88.5%), and mortality (sensitivity 100%, specificity 91%)

Childhood hospitalisation and related deaths in Hanoi, Vietnam: a tertiary hospital database analysis from 2007 to 2014

To describe hospital admission and emergency visit rates and potential risk factors of prolonged hospitalisation and death among children in Hanoi.; A retrospective study reviewed 212 216 hospitalisation records of children (aged 0-17) who attended the Vietnam National Children's Hospital in Hanoi between 2007 and 2014. Four indicators were analysed and reported: (1) rate of emergency hospital visits, (2) rate of hospitalisation, (3) length of hospital stay and (4) number of deaths. The risk of prolonged hospitalisation was investigated using Cox proportion hazard, and the risk of death was investigated through logistic regressions.; During 2007-2014, the average annual rate of emergency visits was 2.2 per 1000 children and the rate of hospital admissions was 13.8 per 1000 children. The annual rates for infants increased significantly by 3.9 per 1000 children during 2012-2014 for emergency visits and 25.1 per 1000 children during 2009-2014 for hospital admissions. Digestive diseases (32.0%) and injuries (30.2%) were common causes of emergency visits, whereas respiratory diseases (37.7%) and bacterial and parasitic infections (19.8%) accounted for most hospital admissions. Patients with mental and behavioural disorders remained in the hospital the longest (median=12 days). Morbidities related to the perinatal period dominated mortality causes (32.5% of deaths among those admitted to the hospital. Among the respiratory diseases, pneumonia was the leading cause of both prolonged hospitalisation and death.; Preventable health problems, such as common bacterial infections and respiratory diseases, were the primary causes of hospital admissions in Vietnam

Acute effects of ambient air pollution on lower respiratory infections in Hanoi children : an eight-year time series study

Lower respiratory diseases are the most frequent causes of hospital admission in children worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Daily levels of air pollution are associated with lower respiratory diseases, as documented in many time-series studies. However, investigations in low-and-middle-income countries, such as Vietnam, remain sparse.; This study investigated the short-term association of ambient air pollution with daily counts of hospital admissions due to pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma among children aged 0-17 in Hanoi, Vietnam. We explored the impact of age, gender and season on these associations.; Daily ambient air pollution concentrations and hospital admission counts were extracted from electronic databases received from authorities in Hanoi for the years 2007-2014. The associations between outdoor air pollution levels and hospital admissions were estimated for time lags of zero up to seven days using Quasi-Poisson regression models, adjusted for seasonal variations, meteorological variables, holidays, influenza epidemics and day of week.; All ambient air pollutants were positively associated with pneumonia hospitalizations. Significant associations were found for most pollutants except for ozone and sulfur dioxide in children aged 0-17. Increments of an interquartile range (21.9μg/m3) in the 7-day-average level of NO2 were associated with a 6.1% (95%CI 2.5% to 9.8%) increase in pneumonia hospitalizations. These associations remained stable in two-pollutant models. All pollutants other than CO were positively associated with hospitalizations for bronchitis and asthma. Associations were stronger in infants than in children aged 1-5.; Strong associations between hospital admissions for lower respiratory infections and daily levels of air pollution confirm the need to adopt sustainable clean air policies in Vietnam to protect children's health

The influence of brand equity on consumer responses toward Cho Gao dragon fruits brand

This thesis study wants to implement a model test for better understandings of brand equity and consumer responses toward Cho Gao Dragon Fruit brand. With the rapid growth of agriculture, including domestic consumption and export of the dragon fruits, it is crucial to differentiate the Cho Gao Dragon Fruits to other competitors in both domestic and foreign markets. Using Structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data of 274 questionnaires to investigate the effects of brand equity and its dimensions on consumer responses. The results show that brand equity dimensions such as brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality are interrelated and those dimensions have a direct and significant effect on brand equity, except brand awareness. The results support the assumption that brand equity has a positive relationship with consumer responses. The findings shed light on the current issues of the market for dragon fruits, which enables us to provide some suggestions for the Government to facilitate farmers and traders in building brand names, marketers for doing marketing activities, and students to know about brand equity of agricultural product such as dragon fruits

Simulation of Ballast Water Dispersion in the Gulf of Tonkin and Offshore Waters of Hai Phong Port, Vietnam

Transfer of invasive alien organisms and their negative impacts have been recorded around the world. It is estimated that approximately 7,000 species of marine creatures are silently moved around the world by ballast water every hour. Recently, discharge of ballast water in the coastal area has become a serious concern. The movement of discharged ballast water and accompanying alien organisms largely depends on the preveiling hydrodynamics of the receiving water body. Dynamics simulation models for marine environment provide sound prediction of dispersion of ballast water. The study was undertaken in the seas of the Gulf of Tonkin and in the offshore area of Hai Phong Port using the MIKE 21 model – a two-dimensional hydrodynamics model. The yearly-mean wind field was used in the model to generate the circulation. Ballast water discharged to the three sites in the study area was simulated by using dispersal-advection model. The outputs showed that ballast water discharged near the coast tends to move along the coastline. Ballast water discharged at 200 NM seaward from the coast is still able to influence the coastal zone of Vietnam

Assessing status and habitat of siamese fireback (Lophura diardi) by using camera trap in Lo Go-Xa Mat National Park, Vietnam

Siamese fireback, Lophura diardi, belonging to Galliformes is at risk due to habitat loss and hunting, which are main challenges to conservation of the species. In order to provide scientific information to conserve the L. diardi, we implemented a camera-trap survey in Lo Go-Xa Mat National Park from 2017 to 2018. Occupancy and Poisson regression models were used to investigate presence of the species and potential factors influencing the occurrence of the species in the study area. Our results showed that the probability of occurrence of the species at locations within the park was high at 0.84 (0.69–0.92) and detection probability was relative low at 0.19 (0.16–0.23). The best models consistently suggested that the abundance of the species was high in closed canopy forest cover (β = 0.41), but appeared to be notably lower in areas far away from the ranger stations (β = -0.25) and in places with high frequency of human (β = -0.22). This research provided the first quantitative information of status and potential factors influencing occurrence of the L. diardi in the park, which is an essential data for developing practical actions to protect the species and monitoring program in the future for the park.         

Clonal spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae among patients at admission and discharge at a Vietnamese neonatal intensive care unit

Background The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a growing problem globally, particularly in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Previous studies have shown high rates of CRE colonisation among patients at hospitals in LMICs, with increased risk of hospital-acquired infections. Methods We isolated carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) from faecal samples collected in 2017 from patients at admission and discharge at a Vietnamese neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 126 CRKP were whole-genome sequenced. The phylogenetic relationship between the isolates and between clinical CRKP isolates collected in 2012-2018 at the same hospital were investigated. Results NDM-type carbapenemase-(61%) and KPC-2-encoding genes (41%) were the most common carbapenem resistance genes observed among the admission and discharge isolates. Most isolates (56%) belonged to three distinct clonal clusters of ST15, carrying bla(KPC-2), bla(NDM-1) and bla(NDM-4), respectively. Each cluster also comprised clinical isolates from blood collected at the study hospital. The most dominant ST15 clone was shown to be related to isolates collected from the same hospital as far back as in 2012. Conclusions Highly resistant CRKP were found colonising admission and discharge patients at a Vietnamese NICU, emphasising the importance of continued monitoring. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a population of CRKP consisting mostly of ST15 isolates in three clonally related clusters, each related to blood isolates collected from the same hospital. Furthermore, clinical isolates collected from previous years (dating back to 2012) were shown to likely be clonally descended from ST15 isolates in the largest cluster, suggesting a successful hospital strain which can colonise inpatients

ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH THÁI VÀ ĐẶC ĐIỂM VI HỌC CỦA LOÀI BA KÍCH TÍM (Morinda officinalis How.) THU HÁI TẠI TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Morinda officinalis How. is a medicinal plant that has been studied and used for a long time. Previous studies on M. officinalis primarily focused on the source in the northern provinces of Vietnam. This study is the first one on the botanical characteristics, including morphology, anatomy, and powder microscopy of M. officinalis in Thua Thien Hue province. Morphological and microscopic characteristics were determined by comparing the shape and double-staining and observing under a microscope through 10× and 40× objective lenses. The results show the similarities and differences of M. officinalis in Thua Thien Hue and other regions of Vietnam. Particularly, the root of M. officinalis in Thua Thien Hue has a higher percentage of usable parts than other M. officinalis species in northern regions. Furthermore, the results of the study provide scientific data for learning and investigating the morphological and microscopic characteristics of M. officinalis in Thua Thien Hue.Ba kích tím (Morinda officinalis How.) là một loài dược liệu quý được nghiên cứu và sử dụng từ rất lâu đời. Các nghiên cứu về Ba kích tím trước đây chủ yếu tập trung vào nguồn giống thu hái tại các tỉnh phía Bắc của Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này là công trình đầu tiên về đặc điểm thực vật bao gồm hình thái, vi phẫu và soi bột của cây Ba kích tím được thu hái tại môi trường tự nhiên của tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Đặc điểm hình thái và đặc điểm vi học được nghiên cứu bằng phương pháp so sánh hình thái và nhuộm kép và quan sát dưới kính hiển vi qua vật kính 10× và 40×. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự tương đồng và khác biệt chính về đặc điểm thực vật của cây Ba kích tím giữa Thừa Thiên Huế và các vùng miền khác ở Việt Nam. Đặc biệt, rễ củ Ba kích tím tại Thừa Thiên Huế có tỷ lệ bộ phận sử dụng nhiều hơn so với các loài Ba kích tím tại khu vực phía Bắc. Kết quả của bài báo góp phần cung cấp dữ liệu khoa học cho học tập và nghiên cứu về đặc điểm hình thái và vi học của loài Ba kích tím ở Thừa Thiên Huế

The first successful bone marrow transplantation in Vietnam for a young Vietnamese boy with chronic granulomatous disease: a case report

BackgroundChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) disorder that results from defects in the respiratory burst activity in phagocytes, leading to the inability to kill bacterial and fungal microorganisms. CGD patients usually have a high incidence of morbidity such as infections and autoinflammatory diseases and a high mortality rate. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only definitive cure for patients who suffer from CGD.Case presentationWe report the first transplant case of chronic granulomatous disease in Vietnam. A 25-month-old boy with X-linked CGD underwent bone marrow transplantation from his 5-year-old, full-matched human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-carrier sibling after myeloablative conditioning regimen with busulfan 5.1 mg/kg/day for 4 days, fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day for 5 days, and rATG (Grafalon-Fresenius) 10 mg/kg/day for 4 days. Neutrophil was engrafted on day 13 posttransplant, donor chimerism was 100% on day 30 with the dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 (DHR 123) flow cytometric assay test that reached 38% of the normal 45 days posttransplant. Five months after transplant, the patient was free of infection with stable DHR 123 assay at 37%, and donor chimerism remained 100%. No sign of a graft-versus-host disease had been observed posttransplant.ConclusionWe suggest that bone marrow transplantation is a safe and effectual cure for CGD patients, especially for patients with HLA-identical siblings