Cerebral blood flow during single lung ventilation

Aim: Our aim was to show the effect of one-lung ventilation (OLV) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) by measuring carotid blood flow. This technique has been the subject of experimental and clinical studies. Materials and methods: Carotid doppler flows were measured at 4 different times. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured and pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) calculated. Results: There were no significant changes in PSV, PI, RI, or flow volume in the normal or diseased sides at repeated measures (P > 0.05).There was no significant difference between the flow velocities, PIs, RIs, or flow volumes measured in the supine and decubitus positions during OLV. In addition, there was no significant difference between the flow parameters of the upper and lower carotids measured in the lateral decubitus position before and after OLV. There was no correlation between any of the flow parameters and duration of OLV. Conclusion: OLV poses no additional risk in terms of CBF. However, further studies, supported by biochemical parameters and involving wider patient groups, are now needed

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Children in the Trabzon Province of the Black Sea Region of Turkey

Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children aged 12-15 years who lived in the Trabzon Province, specify possible risk factors, and compare the data obtained with those of the other studies conducted in our country and in other countries.Methods: First, 1372 students from nine primary schools determined according to the recommendations of Department of Public Health and approval of The Provincial Directorate of Health were screened in their schools with questionnaire forms. Second, students providing the response “yes” to the first and/or second questions in the questionnaire forms were considered as possible allergic rhinitis patients and invited to our clinic. Then, 246 students were subjected to a skin prick test. Data were collected with the evalution of questionnaire and skin prick test results together.Results: The prevalance of allergic rhinitis in children between 12 and 15 years age was found to be 14.5% in Trabzon. Female gender was found to be a relative a risk factor for allergic rhinitis (p=0.015). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children whose both parents were smoking was significantly higher than that in children whose only one parent was smoking or both parents were nonsmokers (p=0.0024). In addition, living in an apartment flat (p=0.015) and owing pets (p=0.04) were detected to be other risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Conclusion: According to our investigations, this is the first prevalence study in Trabzon, which is the largest settlement in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children was found to be 14.5%. Female gender, smoking habits of the parents, owing pets, and living in an apartment flat are risk factors for allergic rhinitis

Investigation the effect of propranolol, metoprolol and carvedilol on spermatogenesis in rat testis

Background: Coronary arterial diseases are one of the increasing disease around the worldwide. Because of common using of the beta blockers, we aimed to investigate the effect of different beta-adrenergic receptor blockers on spermatogenesis in male rats.Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were obtained. Totally 32 rats homogenized according to their weight and divided into four groups that each one includes eight rats. Three of groups were determined as drug groups and remained groups were determined as a control group. Propranolol 40mg/kg, Metoprolol succinate 60mg/kg, Carvedilol 30mg/kg dosage was given by oral gavage within the saline solution, and the only saline solution was given to control group for 21 days, respectively. After 21 days rats were sacrificed, and testis were extracted. Then, histopathologic evaluation was performed.Results: There was statistical significance both right and left testis volume of experimental between control and carvedilol groups (p<0.05). There was statistical histopathological significance between control and carvedilol (p<0.05), control and propranolol (p<0.05), metoprolol succinate and propranolol (p<0.05), metoprolol succinate and carvedilol groups (p<0.05), respectively.Conclusions: Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers have adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Especially propranolol and carvedilol that were non-selective, effects spermatogenesis worse than selective beta blockers such as metoprolol succinate. Extensive use of these drugs may affect spermatogenesis in male, so male patients who have a complaint of infertility should be questioned regarding the use of beta blockers

Water management in Turkish municipalities from the perspective of employees

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the views of water management employees with regards to the work being done on water management facilities in the municipalities of Turkey. Method: In this descriptive study, 461 employees from 481 municipalities were interviewed (participation rate 95.8%). The data was collected under observation. Results: 42.4% of the participants worked in water management related jobs where their tasks were not directly related to water. 78.6% of participants did not receive any training on water management. No water tank cleaning is done in 0.7% of municipalities. 59.0% of water tank cleaning personnel did not receive any training on this subject. 97.6% of the participants disclosed that chlorine is still being used for water disinfection in their municipalities. However, 88.6% think that water should be chlorinated for disinfection. 10.0% of the participants stated that they worked on water structures inside of buildings. In 77.3% of the municipalities, network water is used for watering public parks and gardens.  Conclusions: Municipalities should hire personnel who have been trained on all stages of water management. Recruitment of certified and trained personnel in the most extreme applications, such as network control and water storage, must be compulsory