12 research outputs found
The Effect of Time and pH on Hemolysis During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Articlehttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96979/1/UMURF-Issue05_2008-ABansal.pd
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An Inexpensive Conceptual Training Model for Transvenous Pacemaker Placement
Introduction: Emergent transvenous (TV) pacemaker placement can be life-saving, but it has associated complications. Emergency medicine (EM) educators must be able to teach this infrequent procedure to trainees.Methods: We constructed a conceptually-focused, inexpensive training model made from polyvinyl chloride pipes and connectors, vinyl tubing, and a submersible pump. Cost of the model was $51. We tested the model with a group of 15 EM residents. We then asked participants to complete a survey reporting confidence with the procedure before and after the session. Confidence was compared using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.Results: Confidence improved after the session, with a median confidence before the session of 2 (minimally confident; interquartile range [IQR] 1-3) and a median confidence after the session of 4 (very confident; IQR 3-4, p=0.001). All residents agreed that the model helped them to understand the process of placing a TV pacemaker.Conclusion: Our TV pacemaker placement model was inexpensive and allowed for practice of a complex emergency procedure with direct visualization. It improved trainee confidence
University of Michigan Undergraduate Research Forum, Issue 5, Winter 2008
Articlehttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96984/1/UMURF-Issue05_2008.pd
Portable Nitric Oxide (NO) Generator Based on Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrite for Potential Applications in Inhaled NO Therapy and Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery
A new
portable gas phase nitric oxide (NO) generator is described
for potential applications in inhaled NO (INO) therapy and during
cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. In this system, NO is produced
at the surface of a large-area mesh working electrode by electrochemical
reduction of nitrite ions in the presence of a soluble copperÂ(II)-ligand
electron transfer mediator complex. The NO generated is then transported
into gas phase by either direct purging with nitrogen/air or via circulating
the electrolyte/nitrite solution through a gas extraction silicone
fiber-based membrane-dialyzer assembly. Gas phase NO concentrations
can be tuned in the range of 5–1000 ppm (parts per million
by volume for gaseous species), in proportion to a constant cathodic
current applied between the working and counter electrodes. This new
NO generation process has the advantages of rapid production times
(5 min to steady-state), high Faraday NO production efficiency (ca.
93%), excellent stability, and very low cost when using air as the
carrier gas for NO (in the membrane dialyzer configuration), enabling
the development of potentially portable INO devices. In this initial
work, the new system is examined for the effectiveness of gaseous
NO to reduce the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) during CPB,
where 500 ppm of NO added to the sweep gas of the oxygenator or to
the cardiotomy suction air in a CPB system is shown to prevent activation
of white blood cells (granulocytes and monocytes) during extracorporeal
circulation with cardiotomy suction conducted with five pigs