ジョシダイガクセイノキャリアプラント「ジリツ」ノカンレンーシンリテキ・シャカイテキ・ケイザイテキソクメンヲフクメテー

本研究は、女子大学生の将来のキャリアプランと心理的・社会的・経済的な自立の関連を検討することが目的であった。３６５名の女子大学生を対象に彼女らのキャリアプランと自立、職業観、依存的自己愛の関連について分析した結果、結婚・出産後も就労継続を予定する人は、自立尺度の下位尺度である『社会的関心』得点と『生活身辺処理』得点が有意に高いという結果が得られた。一方、出産せずに就労継続を予定する人は、自立尺度の『協調的対人関係』得点と『親子の信頼関係』得点、および、職業観尺度の『人間関係』得点が有意に低いという傾向が見られた。さらに、自立尺度の『主体的自己』や『経済的自活』は本来、就労継続に関連する要因と考えられるが、本研究ではキャリアプランとの関連は見られなかった。以上のことから、女子大学生を対象に、自立とエンパワーメントを促すような、女性のためのキャリア教育が必要であると考えられる。The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between career-plan choices of female college students and their psychological, social and economic independence. This research on 365 female college students examined the relationship among their career-plan choices, independence, occupational values and pathological narcissism (dependence). As a result, students hoping to continue working after marriage and childhearing showed strong \u27social interests\u27 and \u27self care activity\u27 of the independence scale, while career-oriented students with no intention to childhearing displayed weak \u27cooperative human relationships\u27 and \u27parent-child relationships of trust\u27 of the independence scale, and also weak \u27human relationships\u27 of the occupational values scale. The result suggested career education which focuses on empowering students to establish their independence

デート DV ノ ジッタイ ト シンリテキ ヨウイン ジコアイ トノ カンレン オ チュウシン ニ

The reality of dating violence was investigated among Japanese female and male college students. As a result,64.3-82.4 % of students reported expressing or receiving violence more than once, although only about 10% reported expressing or receiving severe violence. As to gender differences,men received more violence from their partners than women did. Althoughthere is no significant gender differences on the total frequencies of expressedviolence,men expressed more sexual abuse to their partner than women did. Multiple regression analyses revealed that parent\u27s attitude toward child had an effect on self-love for both genders. On the other hand, parental upbringing behavior had no direct influence on dating violence. For women,b ut not men,self-love had an egative effect on narcissism,and narcissism had animpact on expressed and received violence. It was suggested that narcissismcorrelates to aggression for women,because narcissism had more influence on expressed violence than received one. In conclusion,it was suggested that the psychological factors including narcissism,self-love and perception of parental upbringing behavior have an effect on dating violence for women. Therefore,education to empower youngpeople for nurturing self-love is essential to prevent dating violence. In addition,new methodology measuring psychological factors and effects of dating violence is required

デート DV ヒガイ オヨビ カガイ ケイケン ト セイコウショウ ニヨル コウテイテキナ ジョウドウ タイケン ノ カンレン

人は青年期において恋愛や性への関心を高め，他者と親密な恋愛関係を結ぶようになる。恋愛関係は深い相互作用を伴う対人関係であるため，その中で生じる肯定的体験も否定的体験も比較的情動的影響が深いものとなる。デートDVは恋愛関係で生じる否定的体験の中でも最も深刻な体験の１つである。また性交渉は青年の恋愛関係において一般的であり，カップルの関係性の質によって肯定的体験にも否定的体験にもなり得る。そこで本研究では，デートDV被害及び加害経験と性交渉による肯定的な情動体験との関連について検討をすることを目的に，性交渉による肯定的情動体験尺度の開発を行い，デートDV被害及び加害経験と性交渉による肯定的情動体験尺度得点との関連を検討した。その結果，ほとんど全てのデートDV経験にジェンダー差が見られ，デートDV被害及び加害経験と性交渉による肯定的な情動体験との間に関連があることが見出された。Young people are usually interested in romantic relationships and sexuality and usually form romantic relationships. Because romantic relationships involve deep interaction, both positive and negative experiences in romantic relationships tend to lead to deep emotional effects among young people. Dating violence is one of the most negative experiences in a romantic relationship. Intercourse may become either a positive or a negative experience. We examined the relationship between dating violence victims, assaults, and the positive emotional experiences of intercourse. We developed three hypotheses: (1) Couples who have intercourse experience more instances of dating violence and assaults than couples who do not have intercourse; (2) The larger the extent of dating violence among young victims, the fewer their positive experiences of intercourse in their romantic relationship; and (3) The larger the extent of assaults in dating violence among young victims, the fewer their positive experiences of intercourse in their romantic relationship. The hypothesis of this study were partially supported, but gender differences existed in almost all victims and all instances of assaults of dating violence

Comparative dynamics of potassium and radiocesium in soybean with different potassium application levels

We conducted a field experiment in soybean with different levels of K application to elucidate the comparative dynamics of 137Cs and K. The inventory of K in the shoots increased substantially from the fifth trifoliate stage to the full seed stage, and as the absorption of K increased, so too did the absorption of 137Cs. Overall, the effect of K application was much greater in terms of 137Cs dynamics than K dynamics or biomass production. K application reduced not only the accumulation of 137Cs in the shoots, but also the distribution of 137Cs to the grains. However, the decrease of 137Cs distribution to the grain had a much smaller effect on 137Cs accumulation in the grains than 137Cs absorption. A positive correlation was also observed between the exchangeable 137Cs/K ratio in the soil and the 137Cs/K ratio in the shoots for each growth stage, and the 137Cs/K ratios in the shoots at the full seed and full maturity stage were much higher than those at the fifth trifoliate and full bloom stage under the same exchangeable 137Cs/K ratio in the soil. These findings suggest a decrease in the discrimination of 137Cs from K during absorption after the full bloom stage. As a result of this and the increase in soil-exchangeable 137Cs/K with growth, radiocesium was more transferable to the shoots after the full bloom stage. Overall, these results suggest that lowering the soil-exchangeable radiocesium/potassium ratio after the full bloom stage by increasing K availability could efficiently reduce the transfer of radiocesium to the grains

女子大学生のキャリアプラン選択の規定要因-稼得意識、進路選択に対する自己効力、自尊感情、職業観-

貧困化リスク要因が多い女性にとって大学在学中のキャリアプラン選択は重要なため、本研究は女子大学生の将来のキャリアプラン選択の傾向やその要因について検討することを目的とした。研究1では、女子大学生500名を対象にキャリアプラン選択と稼得意識、進路選択に対する自己効力、自尊感情との関連を検討した結果、半数以上がキャリアを中断・退職する予定であり、就業継続には稼得意識のみが関連することが示唆された。研究2では稼得意識の項目数を増やし、３０９名を対象に稼得意識と職業観との関連および就業継続の要因について検討した。その結果、稼得意識の下位項目である「結婚生活における経済的自立度」と職業観の下位尺度である「人間関係」「やりがい」「男女平等の環境」との間に弱い相関が、稼得意識のもう1つの下位項目である「結婚相手への非依存度」と職業観の「経済的安定」と「プライベート重視」の間に中程度の負の相関が見られた。また、就業継続の促進要因として結婚生活における経済的自立志向と男女平等な環境でのやりがいのある仕事を期待する職業観が、阻害要因としてプライベート優先と仕事を通じた良好な人間関係を期待する職業観があることが示唆された。経済的な自立志向ややりがいを求める職業観が稼得意識に関連する一方、プライベートを優先しすぎたり、職場での人間関係などを重視しすぎることが、稼得意識の喪失につながる可能性もある。したがって、稼得意識を高めるような新たなキャリア教育を開発する必要性が示された。The purpose of this study was to clarify Japanese female undergraduates\u27 choices of career plans and explore determining factors. Women have more long-term financial risks to fall into poverty than men do; their career plans during college involve crucial decision-making. Survey 1 (500 female undergraduates) examined the relationship between their choices of career plans and interest in earning money, career decision-making self-efficacy, and self-esteem. More than 50％ of the informants expected to leave their jobs after marriage or having children; the only factor that was associated with being employed was interest in earning money. Survey 2 (309 female undergraduates) examined the relationship between interest in earning money and occupational values, and what factors prompted them to continue working until retirement. The result was that financial independence during marriage and expectations of having a respectable job in a gender-equivalent workplace encouraged them to continue working. However, prioritizing one\u27s personal life and the expectation of maintaining good relationships with colleagues were hindrances. While financial independence and expectations of having a respectable job may be related to an interest in earning money, prioritizing their personal life and regarding good relationships with coworkers as important may put them at risk of losing their interest in earning money. This study indicated the necessity to develop a new type of career education focused on enhancing interest in earning money

Effect of winter wheat cover cropping with no-till cultivation on the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing the subsequent soybean

<p>Winter cover crops increase the amount of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil, providing beneficial effects such as enhancement of phosphorus uptake by the subsequent crop. However, its impact on the AMF community structure is not well understood. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the effect of winter wheat cover cropping with no-till cultivation on the AMF community structures in soil and roots of the subsequent soybean. For this purpose, we conducted a field experiment consisting of two treatments, no-till soybean cultivation after winter wheat cover cropping (NTWC) and conventional soybean cultivation after winter fallow management as a control (CONT). At the flowering stage of soybean, higher AMF colonization of soybean roots was observed in the NTWC plots compared with the CONT plots. Additionally, aboveground biomass and phosphorus uptake of soybean in the NTWC plots were significantly higher than those in the CONT plots. Molecular community analyses based on PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of AMF 18S rRNA genes indicated that the AMF community structures in the soil and soybean root of the NTWC plots were clearly different from those of the CONT plots. The DGGE profiles showed that the wheat cover cropping preferentially increased some phylotypes belonging to Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae. In addition, most of the phylotypes were characteristically observed in the subsequent soybean root of the NTWC plots, strongly suggesting that these phylotypes colonizing the cover crop wheat were taken over by the subsequent soybean. Our study revealed the significant effect of winter cover cropping with no-till cultivation on the structure of AMF community colonizing the subsequent soybean.</p

2-Aminopurine inhibits leptin receptor signal transduction

Leptin is an important circulating signal for regulation of food intake and body weight. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 2-aminopurine (2-AP), an inhibitor of double-strand RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), on leptin signal transduction. 2-AP dose-dependently inhibited leptin-induced phosporylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HEK293 cells stably transfected with the Ob-Rb leptin receptor. On the other hand, we observed only slight inhibition of leptin-induced STAT3 activation by purine treatment, indicating that the inhibitory effect will be dramatically enhanced in the presence of an amino group. 2-AP did not inhibit PMA-induced ERK activation, indicating that the effect may be leptin-signal specific. The inhibitory effect of 2-AP was not mediated by newly synthesized protein because the inhibitory effect of 2-AP on leptin-induced STAT3 activation was not abrogated in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Interestingly, leptin did not induce PKR activation, suggesting that the effect of 2-AP on leptin signal may be independent of PKR. Finally, 2-AP inhibited leptin-induced phosphorylation of the Ob-Rb leptin receptor. These results provide evidence of a novel action of 2-AP, i.e., inhibition of activation of leptin signal transduction at the level of the Ob-Rb leptin receptor