32 research outputs found
Idrottshistoria och politik mellan minne och glömska
SĂ„ hĂ€r lagom till den stora idrottskonferensen Centers and Peripheries in Sport, som arrangeras vid Malmö högskola av dess idrottsvetenskapliga institution efter pĂ„sk, kan vi presentera en bok som diskuterar just frĂ„gor kring centrum och periferi inom idrotten, vem, vilka och vad i det som hĂ€nt och hĂ€nder hamnar i centrum, i den meningen att de införlivas i det kollektiva minnet och dĂ€rmed för alltid blir en referenspunkt gentemot vilken alla nya hĂ€ndelser och idrottsstjĂ€rnor relateras, och vem vilka och vad glöms bort, och varför. Vem blir âlegendarâ och vem blir âloserâ? Vad betyder idrottshistorikernas kontextlöshet för valet av vad som ska betraktas som vĂ€rt att minnas? Den som reser dessa centrala frĂ„gor rörande identitetsskapande processer och nationalitetstĂ€nkande ur ett idrottsligt perspektiv Ă€r Tara Brabazon, australiensisk kulturforskare, för nĂ€rvarande professor i medievetenskap vid University of Brighton, och hon gör det i boken Playing on the Periphery: Sport, Identity and Memory (Routledge). Brabazon tar sin utgĂ„ngspunkt i tre sporter och tre lĂ€nder, fotboll i England, cricket i Australien och rugby i Nya Zeeland, och hennes analys inbegriper dessa tre lĂ€nders och sporters inblandning â pĂ„ ganska olika sĂ€tt â i imperiebyggande och kolonisering och de â ocksĂ„ ganska olika â postkoloniala konsekvenserna. I en recension som i teoretisk och sprĂ„klig skĂ€rpa knappast stĂ„r boken efter diskuterar Helena Tolvhed Brabazons angreppssĂ€tt, hennes analyser och resultat, och hon Ă€r i huvudsak mycket nöjd med vad hon lĂ€st. Men, med intersektionalitetsglasögonen pĂ„ tvingas vĂ„r recensent Ă€ndĂ„ konstatera att den hĂ€r gĂ„ngen har genusperspektivet fĂ„tt stĂ„ tillbaka till förmĂ„n för en större tyngd lagd vid klass, nation och ras/etnicitet
Kropp, idrott och feministisk teori
Den feministiska forskningen har belyst hur kroppar har konstruerats som olika och dĂ€rmed som biologiska (legitima, eviga, naturliga) grunder för sociala skillnader (t ex Grosz 1994, Gatens 1996). PĂ„ idrottens kulturella arena stĂ€lls frĂ„gor om kroppen som naturlig eller skapad och om ânaturligaâ könsskillnader pĂ„ sin spets. R. W. Connell (1987) har diskuterat idrotten som del i ett socialt upprĂ€tthĂ„llande av kön, nĂ„got som hon menar Ă€r nödvĂ€ndigt pĂ„ grund av att biologin utgör en alltför brĂ€cklig grund. Samtidigt kan idrotten just i egenskap av kroppslig praktik utgöra en arena för utmaning och omförhandling av diskurser om kropp, kön och biologi, vilket Judith Butler diskuterat i sin artikel âAthletic Gendersâ.
I avhandlingen Nationen pĂ„ spel analyserar jag hur idrottande kroppar representeras i svensk veckopress (Bildjournalen, Idun, Se, Vecko-Journalen och Vecko-Revyn). Med kropp och nation som intersektionella analytiska nav utvecklar jag en metodologi som syftar till att generera en djupare problematisering och förstĂ„else för det historiska sammanhanget. I denna presentation diskuterar jag hur representationer av kvinnors idrottande â som utmaning av de diskurser som knyter kroppsligt arbete, anstrĂ€ngning, aktivitet, muskler och kroppskontroll till kön â förstĂ„s och förhandlas kulturellt. En av avhandlingens bĂ€rande frĂ„gestĂ€llningar handlar om de sĂ€tt pĂ„ vilka den mediala iscensĂ€ttningen av kroppar och av det svenska struktureras av samspelande maktdimensioner â kön, sexualitet, ârasâ/etnicitet, klass och Ă„lder/generation. Materialet frĂ„n olympiska spel Ă€r, genom att sĂ„vĂ€l kropp som nation hĂ€r hamnar i fokus, sĂ€rskilt lĂ€mpligt för att utforska dessa aspekter
Popular Culture and Social Change : ACSIS Kulturstudiekonferens i Norrköping 2007
In my PhD-project I analyse coverage of the Olympic Games 1948 â 1972 in the popular press, combining a text-oriented analysis with social history's attention to historical context. In my conference paper I will focus upon how, in a "Cold War" context, Soviet athletes were represented in ambiguous ways, emphasizing alternately their distance and closeness, difference and similarity to "us". Furthermore, I argue that fears of sport's masculinizing effect on the female body and mind were negotiated by displacing images of unsexed, mannish women onto Soviet athletes. A specific conception of "Swedish femininity" was constructed: western, white, heterosexual and middle-class
Nationen pĂ„ spel : Kropp, kön och svenskhet i populĂ€rpressens representationer av olympiska spel 1948 â 1972
Sporting the Nation: Gender, âSwedishnessâ and the Body in the Representation of Olympic Games in Swedish Popular Press 1948 â 1972. In this thesis, I study representations of summer and winter Olympic Games and Olympic athletes in six Swedish popular magazines 1948-1972. The purpose is to examine the forms of identity produced within the nation as an âimagined communityâ, in discursive processes where gender, sexuality, âraceâ/ ethnicity, class and age/generation intersect and mutually construct each other. The study is inspired by feminist and postcolonial perspectives on how gender and âraceâ/ethnicity are upheld as socially relevant classifications through the cultural repetition of physical and mental differences. Theoretical points of departure is Foucaultâs connecting of power and knowledge and Cultural Studiesâ conception of representation and how the textual/visual address of the reader makes available and closes off subject-positions. âBodyâ and ânationâ are used as intersectional analytical concepts, and the textual/visual meaning making is identified through the techniques that I have termed dichotomisation, compensation, harmonisation, contrasting and connecting. The material is understood in relation to changing historical contexts such as âfolkhemmetâ and the welfare state, gender relations, global political processes of decolonisation, the Cold war and the radicalised political climate of the 1960âs. The analysis highlights how historically specific configurations of Swedish masculinity and Swedish femininity are defined not only through gender dichotomisation, but also by differentiation from â for example â communist bodies/characters or âexoticâ and racialised subjects. However, âSwedishnessâ is not only separated from, but also connected to specific identities. The textual âusâ is located in complex and sometimes contradictory processes, through affinity with Nordic countries, the western side in the Cold war and âwhite civilisationâ â but also in relation to an abstract and universalistic conception of to âthe worldâ. The thesis points out the crucial importance of physical work for the merging of masculinity and nation. The sport activities of female athletes are downplayed through compensating markers of conventional femininity and trivialised by being constructed as playful rather than as strained and disciplined physical work. However, the analyses also illustrate the conditions for discursive destabilisations; for example in the case of Olympic medals, where the visual and textual representation of a female Swedish body at work is made possible through intersections of gender, youth or nation. Furthermore, the results show a move towards a higher degree of complexity on the issue of masculinity during the time period, whereas the cultural conception of femininity is characterised by a great degree of stability
Nationen pĂ„ spel. Kropp, kön och svenskhet i populĂ€rpressens representationer av olympiska spel 1948 â 1972
Sporting the Nation: Gender, âSwedishnessâ and the Body in the Representation of Olympic Games in Swedish Popular Press 1948 â 1972.
In this thesis, I study representations of summer and winter Olympic Games and Olympic athletes in six Swedish popular magazines 1948-1972. The purpose is to examine the forms of identity produced within the nation as an âimagined communityâ, in discursive processes where gender, sexuality, âraceâ/ ethnicity, class and age/generation intersect and mutually construct each other. The study is inspired by feminist and postcolonial perspectives on how gender and âraceâ/ethnicity are upheld as socially relevant classifications through the cultural repetition of physical and mental differences. Theoretical points of departure is Foucaultâs connecting of power and knowledge and Cultural Studiesâ conception of representation and how the textual/visual address of the reader makes available and closes off subject-positions. âBodyâ and ânationâ are used as intersectional analytical concepts, and the textual/visual meaning making is identified through the techniques that I have termed dichotomisation, compensation, harmonisation, contrasting and connecting.
The material is understood in relation to changing historical contexts such as âfolkhemmetâ and the welfare state, gender relations, global political processes of decolonisation, the Cold war and the radicalised political climate of the 1960âs. The analysis highlights how historically specific configurations of Swedish masculinity and Swedish femininity are defined not only through gender dichotomisation, but also by differentiation from â for example â communist bodies/characters or âexoticâ and racialised subjects. However, âSwedishnessâ is not only separated from, but also connected to specific identities. The textual âusâ is located in complex and sometimes contradictory processes, through affinity with Nordic countries, the western side in the Cold war and âwhite civilisationâ â but also in relation to an abstract and universalistic conception of to âthe worldâ.
The thesis points out the crucial importance of physical work for the merging of masculinity and nation. The sport activities of female athletes are downplayed through compensating markers of conventional femininity and trivialised by being constructed as playful rather than as strained and disciplined physical work. However, the analyses also illustrate the conditions for discursive destabilisations; for example in the case of Olympic medals, where the visual and textual representation of a female Swedish body at work is made possible through intersections of gender, youth or nation. Furthermore, the results show a move towards a higher degree of complexity on the issue of masculinity during the time period, whereas the cultural conception of femininity is characterised by a great degree of stability
Intersektionalitet och historievetenskap
Artikeln Ă€r en introduktion till centrala debatter kring det vetenskapliga fĂ€ltet för intersektionalitetsstudier, men ocksĂ„ till de tre artiklar, skrivna av Maria Vallström, Rosemarie Fiebranz och Ă
sa-Karin Engstrand, som följer i detta nummer av Scandia. Jag tecknar hÀr en bild över hur intersektionalitet som förhÄllningssÀtt har vuxit fram och belyser de ibland kritiska diskussioner som förts kring begreppet. Jag resonerar ocksÄ kring de utmaningar som jag uppfattar att intersektionalitetsforskningen stÄr inför.
Jag argumenterar i denna artikel för att intersektionalitet för historikern kan utgöra en vĂ€g till fördjupade förstĂ„elser av de historiska sammanhangens komplexitet, och pĂ„minna om vikten av att undvika att determinera olika positioneringars inbördes ordning eller relationer. Vidare understryker jag det historiska perspektivets och de historiska studiernas relevans för att föra den intersektionella forskningen vidare i sĂ„vĂ€l teoretiskt som metodologiskt hĂ€nseende. Empiriska historiska studier kan, vilket de tre bidragen i detta nummer av Scandia illustrerar, visa hur de historiska sammanhangens komplexitet gĂ„r utanför pĂ„ förhand definierade och klart avskiljda kategorier, och dĂ€rmed tydliggöra kategoriernas reducerande otillrĂ€cklighet. I studier av förflutna sammanhang tydliggörs, hĂ€vdar jag, maktdimensioners förĂ€nderliga och kontextbundna samspel. UtifrĂ„n de i numret ingĂ„ende artiklarna diskuteras ocksĂ„ de möjligheter som finns att genom muntlig historia undersöka hur maktfyllda positioneringar och historiska förĂ€ndringsprocesser levs, upplevs och motstĂ„s.This article introduces the key debates that surround the discipline of intersectional studies, and also serves as an introduction to the articles by Maria Vallström, Rosemarie Fiebranz, and Ă
sa-Karin Engstrand published in this number of Scandia. I outline the emergence of intersectionality as an approach, and shed light on the occasionally critical discussions of the term, as well as outlining the challenges I believe intersectionality research will face in future.
I argue in this article that intersectionality can offer historians a way to obtain a far greater understanding of the full complexities of a historical context, while it serves as a reminder of the importance of resisting the urge to decide the ordering of the various categorical distinctions or their relationships. By the same token, I underline the relevance of the historical perspective and historical studies to advances in intersectional research, both theoretical and methodological. As the three contributions published here illustrate, empirical historical studies can show how the complexity of a historical context transcends predefined, clearly distinguished categories, thereby revealing the categoriesâ reductive failings. I argue that it is in the study of past contexts that the dimension of power is fully revealed, with all its changeable and context-bound interplay. Drawing on all three articles, the opportunities presented by oral history to study how forceful positionalities and historical processes of change are lived, experienced, and resisted
Toini Gustafsson : stjÀrna men inte hjÀlte
Vid de vinterolympiska spelen i Grenoble 1968 blev
den dubbla guldmedaljören och lÀngdskidÄkaren Toini
Gustafsson ett av de största svenska affischnamnen. I
denna artikel granskar jag uttrycken för veckopressens
uppmÀrksammande av Gustafsson och driver tesen att
hon i kraft av sina framgÄngar för Sveriges rÀkning, men
ocksÄ pÄ grund av sitt utseende, förvisso blev en stjÀrna
men knappast en svensk idrottshjÀlte. Hennes kropp
förevisades som en svensk/nordisk kvinnokropp snarare
Àn som en kropp som kÀmpade för nationens Àra