439 research outputs found
Transforming Writing/Transforming Writers: Threshold Concepts in Undergraduate Academic Writing
The presence of GC-AG introns in Neurospora crassa and other euascomycetes determined from analyses of complete genomes: implications for automated gene prediction
AbstractA combination of experimental and computational approaches was employed to identify introns with noncanonical GC-AG splice sites (GC-AG introns) within euascomycete genomes. Evaluation of 2335 cDNA-confirmed introns from Neurospora crassa revealed 27 such introns (1.2%). A similar frequency (1.0%) of GC-AG introns was identified in Fusarium graminearum, in which 3 of 292 cDNA-confirmed introns contained GC-AG splice sites. Computational analyses of the N. crassa genome using a GC-AG intron consensus sequence identified an additional 20 probable GC-AG introns in this fungus. For 8 of the 47 GC-AG introns identified in N. crassa a GC donor site is also present in a homolog from Magnaporthe grisea, F. graminearum, or Aspergillus nidulans. In most cases, however, homologs in these fungi contain a GT-AG intron or no intron at the corresponding position. These findings have important implications for fungal genome annotation, as the automated annotations of euascomycete genomes incorrectly identified intron boundaries for all of the confirmed and probable GC-AG introns reported here
Quantum Bayes rule
We state a quantum version of Bayes's rule for statistical inference and give
a simple general derivation within the framework of generalized measurements.
The rule can be applied to measurements on N copies of a system if the initial
state of the N copies is exchangeable. As an illustration, we apply the rule to
N qubits. Finally, we show that quantum state estimates derived via the
principle of maximum entropy are fundamentally different from those obtained
via the quantum Bayes rule.Comment: REVTEX, 9 page
Temporal variability in foraminiferal morphology and geochemistry at the West Antarctic Peninsula: a sediment trap study
The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) exhibits strong spatial and temporal oceanographic variability, resulting in highly heterogeneous biological productivity. Calcifying organisms that live in the waters off the WAP respond to temporal and spatial variations in ocean temperature and chemistry. These marine calcifiers are potentially threatened by regional climate change with waters already naturally close to carbonate undersaturation. Future projections of carbonate production in the Southern Ocean are challenging due to the lack of historical data collection and complex, decadal climate variability. Here we present a 6-year-long record of the shell fluxes, morphology and stable isotope variability of the polar planktic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sensu stricto) from near Palmer Station, Antarctica. This species is fundamental to Southern Ocean planktic carbonate production as it is one of the very few planktic foraminifer species adapted to the marine polar environments. We use these new data to obtain insights into its ecology and to derive a robust assessment of the response of this polar species to environmental change. Morphology and stable isotope composition reveal the presence of different growth stages within this tightly defined species. Inter- and intra-annual variability of foraminiferal flux and size is evident and driven by a combination of environmental forcing parameters, most importantly food availability, temperature and sea ice duration and extent. Foraminiferal growth occurs throughout the austral year and is influenced by environmental change, a large portion of which is driven by the Southern Annular Mode and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. A distinct seasonal production is observed, with the highest shell fluxes during the warmest and most productive months of the year. The sensitivity of calcifying foraminifera to environmental variability in this region, from weeks to decades, has implications both for their response to future climatic change and for their use as palaeoclimate indicators. A longer ice-free season could increase carbonate production in this region at least while carbonate saturation is still high enough to allow for thick tests to grow
Cumulative burden of depression and all-cause mortality in women living with human immunodeficiency virus
Background Research linking depression to mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has largely focused on binary "always vs never" characterizations of depression. However, depression is chronic and is likely to have cumulative effects on mortality over time. Quantifying depression as a cumulative exposure may provide a better indication of the clinical benefit of enhanced depression treatment protocols delivered in HIV care settings. Methods Women living with HIV (WLWH), naive to antiretroviral therapy, from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were followed from their first visit in or after 1998 for up to 10 semiannual visits (5 years). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. An area-under-the-curve approach was used to translate CES-D scores into a time-updated measure of cumulative days with depression (CDWD). We estimated the effect of CDWD on all-cause mortality using marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models. Results Overall, 818 women contributed 3292 woman-years over a median of 4.8 years of follow-up, during which the median (interquartile range) CDWD was 366 (97-853). Ninety-four women died during follow-up (2.9 deaths/100 woman-years). A dose-response relationship was observed between CDWD and mortality. Each additional 365 days spent with depression increased mortality risk by 72% (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-2.20). Conclusions In this sample of WLWH, increased CDWD elevated mortality rates in a dose-response fashion. More frequent monitoring and enhanced depression treatment protocols designed to reduce CDWD may interrupt the accumulation of mortality risk among WLWH
Auxinic herbicides, mechanisms of action, and weed resistance: A look into recent plant science advances
On realcompact topological vector spaces
[EN] This survey paper collects some of older and quite new concepts and results from descriptive set topology applied to study certain infinite-dimensional topological vector spaces appearing in Functional Analysis, including Frechet spaces, (L F)-spaces, and their duals, (D F)-spaces and spaces of continuous real-valued functions C(X) on a completely regular Hausdorff space X. Especially (L F)-spaces and their duals arise in many fields of Functional Analysis and its applications, for example in Distributions Theory, Differential Equations and Complex Analysis. The concept of a realcompact topological space, although originally introduced and studied in General Topology, has been also studied because of very concrete applications in Linear Functional Analysis.The research for the first named author was (partially) supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland, Grant no. NN201 2740 33 and for the both authors by the project MTM2008-01502 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Kakol, JM.; López Pellicer, M. (2011). On realcompact topological vector spaces. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Serie A. Matematicas. 105(1):39-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-011-0003-0S39701051Argyros S., Mercourakis S.: On weakly Lindelöf Banach spaces. Rocky Mountain J. Math. 23(2), 395–446 (1993). doi: 10.1216/rmjm/1181072569Arkhangel’skii, A. V.: Topological Function Spaces, Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 78, Kluwer, Dordrecht (1992)Batt J., Hiermeyer W.: On compactness in L p (μ, X) in the weak topology and in the topology σ(L p (μ, X), L p (μ,X′)). Math. Z. 182, 409–423 (1983)Baumgartner J.E., van Douwen E.K.: Strong realcompactness and weakly measurable cardinals. Topol. Appl. 35, 239–251 (1990). doi: 10.1016/0166-8641(90)90109-FBierstedt K.D., Bonet J.: Stefan Heinrich’s density condition for Fréchet spaces and the characterization of the distinguished Köthe echelon spaces. Math. Nachr. 35, 149–180 (1988)Cascales B.: On K-analytic locally convex spaces. Arch. Math. 49, 232–244 (1987)Cascales B., Ka̧kol J., Saxon S.A.: Weight of precompact subsets and tightness. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 269, 500–518 (2002). doi: 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00032-XCascales B., Ka̧kol J., Saxon S.A.: Metrizability vs. Fréchet–Urysohn property. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 131, 3623–3631 (2003)Cascales B., Namioka I., Orihuela J.: The Lindelöf property in Banach spaces. Stud. Math. 154, 165–192 (2003). doi: 10.4064/sm154-2-4Cascales B., Oncina L.: Compactoid filters and USCO maps. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 282, 826–843 (2003). doi: 10.1016/S0022-247X(03)00280-4Cascales B., Orihuela J.: On compactness in locally convex spaces, Math. Z. 195(3), 365–381 (1987). doi: 10.1007/BF01161762Cascales B., Orihuela J.: On pointwise and weak compactness in spaces of continuous functions. Bull. Soc. Math. Belg. Ser. B 40(2), 331–352 (1988) Journal continued as Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon StevinDiestel J.: is weakly compactly generated if X is. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 48(2), 508–510 (1975). doi: 10.2307/2040292van Douwen E.K.: Prime mappings, number of factors and binary operations. Dissertationes Math. (Rozprawy Mat.) 199, 35 (1981)Drewnowski L.: Resolutions of topological linear spaces and continuity of linear maps. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 335(2), 1177–1195 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.02.032Engelking R.: General Topology. Heldermann Verlag, Lemgo (1989)Fabian, M., Habala, P., Hájek, P., Montesinos, V., Pelant, J., Zizler, V.: Functional Analysis and Infinite-Dimensional Geometry. Canadian Mathematical Society. Springer, Berlin (2001)Ferrando J.C.: A weakly analytic space which is not K-analytic. Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 79(1), 31–35 (2009). doi: 10.1017/S0004972708000968Ferrando J.C.: Some characterization for υ X to be Lindelöf Σ or K-analytic in term of C p (X). Topol. Appl. 156(4), 823–830 (2009). doi: 10.1016/j.topol.2008.10.016Ferrando J.C., Ka̧kol J.: A note on spaces C p (X) K-analytic-framed in . Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 78, 141–146 (2008)Ferrando J.C., Ka̧kol J., López-Pellicer M.: Bounded tightness conditions and spaces C(X). J. Math. Anal. Appl. 297, 518–526 (2004)Ferrando J.C., Ka̧kol J., López-Pellicer M.: A characterization of trans-separable spaces. Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin 14, 493–498 (2007)Ferrando, J.C., Ka̧kol, J., López-Pellicer, M.: Metrizability of precompact sets: an elementary proof. Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fis. Nat. Ser. A. Mat. RACSAM 99(2), 135–142 (2005). http://www.rac.es/ficheros/doc/00173.pdfFerrando J.C., Ka̧kol J., López-Pellicer M., Saxon S.A.: Tightness and distinguished Fréchet spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 324, 862–881 (2006). doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2005.12.059Ferrando J.C., Ka̧kol J., López-Pellicer M., Saxon S.A.: Quasi-Suslin weak duals. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 339(2), 1253–1263 (2008). doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.07.081Floret, K.: Weakly compact sets. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 801, Springer, Berlin (1980)Gillman L., Henriksen M.: Rings of continuous functions in which every finitely generated ideal is principial. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 82, 366–391 (1956). doi: 10.2307/1993054Gillman L., Jerison M.: Rings of Continuous Functions. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York (1960)Grothendieck A.: Sur les applications linéaires faiblement compactes d’espaces du type C(K). Can. J. Math. 5, 129–173 (1953)Gullick D., Schmets J.: Separability and semi-norm separability for spaces of bounded continuous functions. Bull. R. Sci. Lige 41, 254–260 (1972)Hager A.W.: Some nearly fine uniform spaces. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 28, 517–546 (1974). doi: 10.1112/plms/s3-28.3.517Howes N.R.: On completeness. Pacific J. Math. 38, 431–440 (1971)Isbell, J.R.: Uniform spaces. In: Mathematical Surveys 12, American Mathematical Society, Providence (1964)Ka̧kol J., López-Pellicer M.: Compact coverings for Baire locally convex spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 332, 965–974 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.10.045Ka̧kol, J., López-Pellicer, M.: A characterization of Lindelöf Σ-spaces υ X (preprint)Ka̧kol J., López-Pellicer M., Śliwa W.: Weakly K-analytic spaces and the three-space property for analyticity. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 362(1), 90–99 (2010). doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2009.09.026Ka̧kol J., Saxon S.: Montel (DF)-spaces, sequential (LM)-spaces and the strongest locally convex topology. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 66(2), 388–406 (2002)Ka̧kol J., Saxon S., Todd A.T.: Pseudocompact spaces X and df-spaces C c (X). Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 132, 1703–1712 (2004)Ka̧kol J., Śliwa W.: Strongly Hewitt spaces. Topology Appl. 119(2), 219–227 (2002). doi: 10.1016/S0166-8641(01)00063-3Khan L.A.: Trans-separability in spaces of continuous vector-valued functions. Demonstr. Math. 37, 61–67 (2004)Khan L.A.: Trans-separability in the strict and compact-open topologies. Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 45, 681–687 (2008). doi: 10.4134/BKMS.2008.45.4.681Khurana S.S.: Weakly compactly generated Fréchet spaces. Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 2(4), 721–724 (1979). doi: 10.1155/S0161171279000557Kirk R.B.: A note on the Mackey topology for (C b (X)*,C b (X)). Pacific J. Math. 45(2), 543–554 (1973)Köthe G.: Topological Vector Spaces I. Springer, Berlin (1969)Kubiś W., Okunev O., Szeptycki P.J.: On some classes of Lindelöf Σ-spaces. Topol. Appl. 153(14), 2574–2590 (2006). doi: 10.1016/j.topol.2005.09.009Künzi H.P.A., Mršević M., Reilly I.L., Vamanamurthy M.K.: Pre-Lindelöf quasi-pseudo-metric and quasi-uniform spaces. Mat. Vesnik 46, 81–87 (1994)Megginson R.: An Introduction to Banach Space Theory. Springer, Berlin (1988)Michael E.: ℵ0-spaces. J. Math. Mech. 15, 983–1002 (1966)Nagami K.: Σ-spaces. Fund. Math. 61, 169–192 (1969)Narayanaswami P.P., Saxon S.A.: (LF)-spaces, quasi-Baire spaces and the strongest locally convex topology. Math. Ann. 274, 627–641 (1986). doi: 10.1007/BF01458598Negrepontis S.: Absolute Baire sets. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 18(4), 691–694 (1967). doi: 10.2307/2035440Orihuela J.: Pointwise compactness in spaces of continuous functions. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 36(2), 143–152 (1987). doi: 10.1112/jlms/s2-36.1.143Orihuela, J.: On weakly Lindelöf Banach spaces. In: Bierstedt, K.D. et al. (eds.) Progress in Functional Analysis, pp. 279–291. Elsvier, Amsterdam (1992). doi: 10.1016/S0304-0208(08)70326-8Orihuela J., Schachermayer W., Valdivia M.: Every Readom–Nikodym Corson compact space is Eberlein compact. Stud. Math. 98, 157–174 (1992)Orihuela, J., Valdivia, M.: Projective generators and resolutions of identity in Banach spaces. Rev. Mat. Complut. 2(Supplementary Issue), 179–199 (1989)Pérez Carreras P., Bonet J.: Barrelled Locally Convex Spaces, Mathematics Studies 131. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1987)Pfister H.H.: Bemerkungen zum Satz über die separabilität der Fréchet-Montel Raüme. Arch. Math. (Basel) 27, 86–92 (1976). doi: 10.1007/BF01224645Robertson N.: The metrisability of precompact sets. Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 43(1), 131–135 (1991). doi: 10.1017/S0004972700028847Rogers C.A., Jayne J.E., Dellacherie C., Topsøe F., Hoffman-Jørgensen J., Martin D.A., Kechris A.S., Stone A.H.: Analytic Sets. Academic Press, London (1980)Saxon S.A.: Nuclear and product spaces, Baire-like spaces, and the strongest locally convex topology. Math. Ann. 197(2), 87–106 (1972). doi: 10.1007/BF01419586Schawartz L.: Radom Measures on Arbitrary Topological Spaces and Cylindrical Measures. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1973)Schlüchtermann G., Wheller R.F.: On strongly WCG Banach spaces. Math. Z. 199(3), 387–398 (1988). doi: 10.1007/BF01159786Schlüchtermann G., Wheller R.F.: The Mackey dual of a Banach space. Note Math. 11, 273–287 (1991)Schmets, J.: Espaces de functions continues. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol 519, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York (1976)Talagrand M.: Sur une conjecture de H. H. Corson. Bull. Soc. Math. 99, 211–212 (1975)Talagrand M.: Espaces de Banach faiblement K-analytiques. Ann. Math. 110, 407–438 (1979)Talagrand M.: Weak Cauchy sequences in L 1(E). Am. J. Math. 106(3), 703–724 (1984). doi: 10.2307/2374292Tkachuk V.V.: A space C p (X) is dominated by irrationals if and only if it is K-analytic. Acta Math. Hungar. 107(4), 253–265 (2005)Tkachuk V.V.: Lindelöf Σ-spaces: an omnipresent class. RACSAM Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fis. Nat. Ser. A. Mat. 104(2), 221–244 (2010). doi: 10.5052/RACSAM.2010.15Todd A.R., Render H.: Continuous function spaces, (db)-spaces and strongly Hewitt spaces. Topol. Appl. 141, 171–186 (2004). doi: 10.1016/j.topol.2003.12.005Valdivia M.: Topics in Locally Convex Spaces, Mathematics Studies 67. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1982)Valdivia M.: Espacios de Fréchet de generación débilmente compacta. Collect. Math. 38, 17–25 (1987)Valdivia M.: Resolutions of identity in certain Banach spaces. Collect. Math. 38, 124–140 (1988)Valdivia M.: Resolutions of identity in certain metrizable locally convex spaces. Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fis. Nat. (Esp.) 83, 75–96 (1989)Valdivia M.: Projective resolutions of identity in C(K) spaces. Arch. Math. (Basel) 54, 493–498 (1990)Valdivia, M.: Resoluciones proyectivas del operador identidad y bases de Markusevich en ciertos espacios de Banach. Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fis. Nat. (Esp.) 84, 23–34Valdivia M.: Quasi-LB-spaces. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 35(2), 149–168 (1987). doi: 10.1112/jlms/s2-35.1.149Walker, R.C.: The Stone-Čech compactification Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. Band 83. Springer, Berlin (1974
Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer's disease
Patterns of Juvenile Habitat Use and Seasonality of Settlement by Permit, Trachinotus falcatus
- …