Yolk sac count matters

Yolk sac is the first anatomical structure identified within the gestational sac at 5+ weeks and is diagnostic of intrauterine pregnancy. It is attached through the yolk stalk with the intestinal cavity of the embryo and is supplied with blood vessels that transport nutritive yolk products to the developing embryo. It provides nutritive, metabolic, endocrine, immunological and haemopoietic functions. The poor quality and early regression of a yolk sac in presence of embryonic heart beats are more specific than the large size of a yolk sac in predicting pregnancy loss. Number of yolk sac is usually indicative of amnionicity, except in select reported cases of monoamniotic twins when two yolk sacs are present. Singleton pregnancies contain only one yolk sac as a rule. We have come across a case of elderly non-diabetic primi gravida where presence of one extra yolk sac has accelerated growth of single foetus by 8 days in early first trimester. We followed it up to 16 weeks of gestation when both yolk sacs disappeared. It was concluded that two yolk sacs conferred extra mileage of growth to the foetus due to doubled yolk sac functions, and this extra growth persisted throughout

Isthmocele: emerging emergency

An isthmocele, a caesarean scar defect or uterine niche, is any indentation representing myometrial discontinuity or a triangular anechoic defect in the anterior uterine wall, with the base communicating to the uterine cavity, at the site of a previous cesarean section scar. With rise of caesarean sections, incidence of isthmocele and scar ectopics is on rise, being 19 to 88% in caesarean delivery patients. As there are no definitive criteria for diagnosing an isthmocele, several imaging methods can be used to assess the integrity of the uterine wall and thus diagnose an isthmocele. However, transvaginal ultrasound and saline infusion sonohysterography emerge as specific, sensitive and cost-effective methods to diagnose isthmocele. When cervix is encroached as well by ectopic placentation, situation becomes much more alarming and grave. Timely diagnosis and active management of the entity is a must to save life of patient. Area of isthamocele bearing ectopic gestation sac has to be excised whatever be the method, by endoscopy or conventional open method. Previous gestation scar dehiscence or rupture of uterus repair leads to more weakness and impaired integrity of uterine wall. If patient refuses to undergo simultaneous sterilization, recurrence of isthmocele formation and ultimate scar ectopic will be even higher. Here we presented a case of ectopic gestation in isthmocele complicated by its extension to cervix with an associated posterior wall cervical fibroid at same level

Deep temporal architectures for activity recognition

The amount of video content generated increases daily, three hundred hours of video content is uploaded to YouTube every 60 seconds1. There exists a need to sort, summarise, describe, categorise and retrieve video data based on the content (i.e. the activities occurring in the video). Activity recognition (i.e. automatically naming activities) is an important area for video analysis. Activity recognition has applications in robotics, video surveillance, multimedia retrieval, behaviour analysis, disaster warning systems and content-based browsing. Automatically categorising activities given a video clip poses two main challenges, namely object detection and motion learning. An activity recognition system must detect and localise the agent as well as learn to categorise the action the agent is performing. This research hypothesises that learning models incorporating spatial and temporal aspects from video data should outperform models that learn only spatial or temporal features on activity recognition learning tasks. The above hypothesis is investigated by developing two deep learning architectures for activity recognition that learn temporally independent and dependent features respectively.minima do not exist. A recurrent network (structurally constrained gated recurrent unit (SCGRU)) that adds contextual feature learning to gated recurrent units (GRUs) is proposed. Adding contextual features stabilises the hidden state of a GRU layer. The approach taken to investigate activity recognition architectures in this research involved examining the architectures on four benchmark datasets and analysing the results to 1) find the best model for activity recognition, 2) examine the model’s ability to learn salient temporal features, and 3) examine the model’s computational complexity. SCGRU based models outperform GRU based models on the majority of the investigated activity recognition models and datasets.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.Electrical, Electronic and Computer EngineeringMEngUnrestricte

The political role of black women journalists in post-apartheid South Africa : Sowetan (1994-1999)

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Black journalists in South Africa have played a crucial role in exposing the political oppression of black South Africans during the Apartheid era. In this regard the Sowetan newspaper made a great contribution. However, the political role that black women journalists played at the Sowetan has been ignored, before and after 1994. After 1994, political black women journalists at the Sowetan continued to make strides despite the hostile environment that these women journalists worked in. The limitation of beats and assignments, lack of promotions and many other challenges that black women journalists faced during this period made their work environment unfriendly and hostile towards their performance. This study examines the political role made by black women journalists at the Sowetan newspaper from 1994 to 1999. The study shows how the black women journalists brought different perspectives in news at the Sowetan through their manner of reporting and also how they viewed matters within the context of a new democracy in South Africa.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swart joernaliste in Suid-Afrika het ’n onontbeerlike rol gespeel in die onthulling van die politieke onderdrukking van swart Suid-Afrikaners tydens die apartheidsjare. In hierdie verband het die Sowetan-koerant ’n groot bydrae gelewer. Die politieke rol van swart vrouejoernaliste by die Sowetan is egter geïgnoreer, voor en ná 1994. Ná 1994 het politieke swart vrouejoernaliste by die Sowetan steeds opgang gemaak, ten spyte van die vyandige omgewing waarin hierdie vroue gewerk het. Beperkte opdragte en spesialisonderwerpe om te dek, ’n gebrek aan bevordering en die talle ander uitdagings wat swart vrouejoernaliste in hierdie tydperk moes trotseer, het hul werksomgewing onvriendelik en vyandig gemaak met betrekking tot hul werksverrigting. Hierdie studie ondersoek die politieke rol wat vanaf 1994 tot 1999 deur swart vrouejoernaliste by die Sowetan gespeel is. Die studie toon aan hoe die swart vrouejoernaliste ander nuusperspektiewe na die Sowetan gebring het, met die wyse waarop hulle verslag gedoen het en ook waarop hulle aangeleenthede in die breë verband van ’n nuwe demokratiese bestel in Suid-Afrika beskou het

Experience of Congenital Choledochal Cyst in Adults: Treatment, Surgical Procedures and Clinical Outcome in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

This study was undertaken to analyze and evaluate the diagnosis and principal treatment methods for congenital choledochal cyst, focusing on various surgical procedures and clinical outcome. A comprehensive, retrospective study was conducted on 72 adult patients who presented with choledochal cyst from 1985 to 2002. Surgical procedures were cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy in 25 cases for type I or type IV-B, extrahepatic cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy in 8 cases for type IV-A, extrahepatic cyst excision with modified hepaticojejunostomy in 2 cases for type IV-B, non-cyst excision with or without hepaticojejunostomy in 27 cases for types I, II, IV-A, IV-B. The early postoperative morbidity and mortality rate were 16.1% (9/62) and 6.5% (4/62) respectively, and the complication rate related to surgical procedure was 30.6% (19/62). The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma with non-cyst excision or non-operated congenital choledochal cyst was 10.8% (4/37). One patient died of primary hepatocellular carcinoma after cyst excision with hepatojejunostomy. In conclusion, our results showed that complete exci-sion of choledochal cyst for types I, II, and IV-B and complete excision of extra-hepatic choledochal cyst from the hepatic hilum in type IV-A with hepaticojejunostomy or modified hepaticojejunostomy are the treatment of choice for choledochal cyst in adult patients

BURNOUT AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

The hospitality industry is known for its labor-intensive and intense interpersonal relationships characteristic. The high rate of burnout in hospitality industry has been a crucial issue. The burnout could lead to employee performance decline. The previous studies suggested that the happy and cooperative employees tend to deliver a better performance. Since cooperative is a part of social capital, this study aims to analyse the role social capital in reducing burnout and improving employee performance. The data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires to all of non-daily worker employees at the first-line and middle-line level in three budget hotels in the similar chained hotel group in Surabaya. We processed the data using partial least square analysis technique.The result reveals that the social capital have a significant negative influence on burnout, and a significant positive influence on employee performance. We also ascertain that burnout have a significant negative influence on employee performance

Job Burnout and Employee Performance in Hospitality Industry: The Role of Social Capital

The hospitality industry is known for its labor-intensive and intense interpersonal interaction characteristics. The high rate of burnout in the hospitality industry has been escalating and become a crucial issue for the management. The burnout can lead to the decline of the employee performance. The previous studies suggested that the happy and cooperative employees tend to deliver a better performance. Since cooperative is one form of the social capital manifestation, this study aims to analyze the role of the social capital in reducing burnout and improving employee performance. The data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires to all non-daily worker employees at the first-line and middle-line level employees in three budget hotels under the similar chained hotel group in Surabaya. The data were processed using the partial least square analysis technique. The result revealed that the social capital has a significant negative influence on job burnout, but a significant positive influence on employee performance. The result also proves that job burnout has a significant negative influence on employee performance