English Teaching to Engineering Students difficulties and Solutions

Being science student and wondering about robots, electrons, engineering students hardly bother about nouns, verbs and tenses. English no doubt has taken place as first language in the corporate world but heart of an engineering student still resist the panorama of English language in their lives. Subconsciously aware of the importance of communication skills in getting a job, they fail to realize its importance consciously in the class rooms. They fail to realize that the gateway to express their core knowledge is communication skill only. Maximum engineering students neglect this most important skill because of many reasons. Though there might be many argumentations which favor causing lack of interest in English learning process but its importance cannot be neglected. This research basically focus on the reasons ;why engineering /business students lack interest in learning of communication skills and what tentative pedagogies can be adopted to develop their interest in learning of communication skills. This research paper aims to find out the difficulties in teaching, learning of English/communication skills to engineering students and tentative solutions to ease the process of learning. Keywords: communication skills, practical learning, listening skill, improve expression, communication skills in present scenario, Non verbal communicatio

Impact of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on wheat production under sub temperate climate in north western Himalayas, India

Wheat is the second most important cereal crop and plays a key role in food and nutritional security. The study examines the impact of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature under limited irrigations on wheat crop using crop growth simulation models under sub temperate climate. The Info Crop model was validated using the historical data generated by the research trials of All India Coordinated Research Improvement Project at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. The model was run for 20 years from 1991 to 2010 for Palampur weather station. The results revealed 3.6 to 4.0 percent and 1.7 to 7.5 percent increase in simulated crop yield with 420 and 470 ppm CO2 respectively. The elevated maximum and minimum temperature by 1 and 20C with 370 ppm carbon dioxide reduced the anthesis period by 5-7 and 9-11 days respectively over the sowing window of November 15th to December 30th. Similarly, days to maturity also reduced by 4-5 and 7-8 days with 1 and 20C rise in temperature respectively. The simulated crop yield showed increase by 17.9 to 63.0 and 33.2 to 133.4 percent with 1 and 20C rise in temperature at 370 ppm CO2 under limited irrigations. The simulated grain yield at 420 ppm CO2 showed an increase of 23 to 69.7 percent with 10C and 39.5 to 123.5 percent with 20C whereas at 470 ppm CO2 level the increase was 27.9 to 76.1 at 10C and 46.4 to 133.0 percent with 20C rise in maximum and minimum temperatures respectively. Hence, simulated results of elevated temperature and CO2 levels proved to be beneficial in rabi wheat with adaptations strategy of limited irrigations under sub temperate climate of North Western Himalaya

Transdermal drug delivery system of Metformin Hydrogen Chloride using Two Different Polymeric Combinations

This present study was to develop a suitable matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) of metformin hydrogen chloride (HCL) using two different polymeric combinations, i.e., hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose (EC). Six matrix patches were prepared by using these polymers using propylene Glycol as plasticizer and vegetable oils (eucalyptus oil) as permeation enhancers in dichloromethane and Methanol(1:1) as a solvent system. The formulations were characterized, including uniformity of weight, drug content, moisture content, moisture uptake, flatness, folding endurance, and thickness to study. The stability of the formulations and in vitro dissolution of the experimental formulations were performed to determine the amount of metformin HCL present in the patches, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the prepared TDDS were taken to see the drug distribution pattern. Drug–excipient interaction studies were carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. In vitro dissolution studies showed that the drug distribution in the matrix was homogeneous and it was found that the maximum drug release in 24 hrs was with formulation F6 (containing Eucalyptus oi

Cross - Cultural Challenges and Adjustments

Nowadays, being successful in the national market for a company is not enough. Due to globalization, there have been many international investments, mergers and acquisitions. Because of these activities, companies are required to think about new measures to remain competitive in the global market. The necessity of transferring knowledge and developing international management has increased. Cultural factors since long have played a paramount role in influencing the success potential of any company. The person entering another culture will be challenged on many levels and have culture shock as a sense of powerlessness, lack of control, an inability to predict outcomes, estrangement, isolation, a loss of meaning and more. When employee enters in a different culture, he has to study, understand, adopt, mix or transit in that culture, otherwise he will be isolated by the foreign culture In this meaning, expatriation and expatriates have become an essential part of international management and companies’ success in the global market.Degree of cross-cultural adjustment should be treated as a multidimensional concept i.e. adjustment to work, adjustment to interacting with host nationals and adjustment to the general non-work environment. The role of an expatriate is regarded very significant since the main task is to act upon maintaining the organizational structure and philosophy of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) while following the rules and regulations of work within living in a new cultural environment, expatriates are bound to face challenges and make adjustments in their lifestyles in order to make their assignment more effective. Understanding cultural differences is one of the most significant skills for firms to develop in order to have a competitive advantage in international business. The objectives of the study are to examine challenges faced by the expatriates and adjustments made to the challenges. The study highlights various challenges like the psychological, socio-cultural and work challenges

Kaposi's Sarcoma in A Subject Treated for Dermatomyositis With Immunosuppressant and Steroid

The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma has increased in recent years mainly because its association with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and organ transplant recipients treated with immunosuppressive drugs, especially with cyclosporine. We present the case of a patient with dermatomyositis who developed Kaposi's sarcoma after receiving treatment with steroids, cyclosporine, and human polyclonal immunoglobulin

Predicting virus Fitness: Towards a structure-based computational model

Predicting the impact of new emerging virus mutations is of major interest in surveillance and for understanding the evolutionary forces of the pathogens. The SARS-CoV-2 surface spike-protein (S-protein) binds to human ACE2 receptors as a critical step in host cell infection. At the same time, S-protein binding to human antibodies neutralizes the virus and prevents interaction with ACE2. Here we combine these two binding properties in a simple virus fitness model, using structure-based computation of all possible mutation effects averaged over 10 ACE2 complexes and 10 antibody complexes of the S-protein (∼380,000 computed mutations), and validated the approach against diverse experimental binding/escape data of ACE2 and antibodies. The ACE2-antibody selectivity change caused by mutation (i.e., the differential change in binding to ACE2 vs. immunity-inducing antibodies) is proposed to be a key metric of fitness model, enabling systematic error cancelation when evaluated. In this model, new mutations become fixated if they increase the selective binding to ACE2 relative to circulating antibodies, assuming that both are present in the host in a competitive binding situation. We use this model to categorize viral mutations that may best reach ACE2 before being captured by antibodies. Our model may aid the understanding of variant-specific vaccines and molecular mechanisms of viral evolution in the context of a human host

A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Vatari Guggulu and Shatpushpadi Churna with Simhanada Guggulu in the Management of Amavata w.s.r. to Rheumatoid Arthritis

The disease Amavata described in classical Ayurvedic literature is closely resembles with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Amavata is a crippling condition where simultaneously aggravated Vata and Ama associated with each other settles in Sandhis and produce Sandhishoola, Sandhishotha, Sparshaasahitwa, which is similar to Rheumatoid Arthritis. Amavata is the challenging problem for medical science with different treatment protocol. The objectives of this randomized parallel group Comparative study were to evaluate the effect of Vatari Guggulu and Shatpushpadi Churna with Simhanada Guggulu in the management of Amavata w.s.r. to Rheumatoid Arthritis This Study was conducted on 32 patients selected randomly from OPD and IPD of R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Dist. Kangra (H.P.) and divided into 2 groups. Group I and Group II having 16 patients in each group. Group A were managed with Vatari Guggulu 500mg BD with lukewarm water and Shatpushpadi Churna 3gm BD with lukewarm water while Group B were managed with Simhanada Guggulu 500mg BD with lukewarm water for 6 weeks. Results showed statistically significant difference in effect of Group I and Group II on subjective parameters – Angamarda, Trishna, Apaka, Jadya, Sparsh Ashyata, Vidvibandha, Nidravipraya, ESR, walking time and grip strength. Percent wise Vatari Guggulu and Shatpushpadi Churna are found to be more effective than Simhanada Guggulu for all assessment criteria in the management of Amavata