Analytical theory for proton correlations in common water ice IhI_h

We provide a fully analytical microscopic theory for the proton correlations in water ice $I_h$. We compute the full diffuse elastic neutron scattering structure factor, which we find to be in excellent quantitative agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. It is also in remarkable qualitative agreement with experiment, in the absence of any fitting parameters. Our theory thus provides a tractable analytical starting point to account for more delicate features of the proton correlations in water ice. In addition, it directly determines an effective field theory of water ice as a topological phase.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

ALIENS-NATURALIZATION-THE PROMISE TO BEAR ARMS

In two recent cases, the Supreme Court has held that citizenship must be denied an applicant who is unwilling to promise unreservedly to bear arms in defense of the United States. One applicant, Douglas Clyde Macintosh, a Professor of Divinity in Yale University, who served for four years in France during the World War, stated that due to religious convictions he was unable to promise beforehand to fight unless, in his own opinion, the war was morally justifiable and in the best interests of humanity. The other, Marie Averil Bland, a minister\u27s daughter who served as a nurse in the war, stated that her religious beliefs forbade her personally bearing arms, and refused to take the oath of allegiance as interpreted without the qualifying words, as far as my conscience as a Christian will allow. Both applications were denied in the district courts, and both these decisions were reversed by the circuit court of appeals for the second circuit. A majority of the Supreme Court, speaking through Justice Sutherland, restored the holdings of the district courts. Justices Holmes, Brandeis, and Stone concurred in a dissenting opinion read by Chief Justice Hughes

A Novel Longitudinal Mode in the Coupled Quantum Chain Compound KCuF3

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements are reported that show a new longitudinal mode in the antiferromagnetically ordered phase of the spin-1/2 quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet KCuF3. This mode signals the cross-over from one-dimensional to three-dimensional behavior and indicates a reduction in the ordered spin moment of a spin-1/2 antiferromagnet. The measurements are compared with recent quantum field theory results and are found to be in excellent agreement. A feature of the data not predicted by theory is a damping of the mode by decay processes to the transverse spin-wave branches.Comment: 9 pages of text plus 4 postscript figures (1 color

Behavioral and Physiological Assessment of Zoo-Housed Heterosexual Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) Troops with Multiple Silverbacks

Based on recognized life history traits and ecology, zoos strive to house their gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in mixed-sex groups with one mature male or silverback, multiple females, and their offspring. However, successful captive breeding programs and a nearly 50:50 birth sex ratio has created the need to house surplus males in solitary conditions or all-male groups. It is commonly believed that male western gorillas will not tolerate one another in the presence of females; however, multi-male, mixed-sex groups have been observed in the wild. For this reason, some zoos have begun experimenting with this scenario. At the time of data collection, only four of the 51 institutions housing gorillas in the North American Species Survival Plan® population housed multi-male, mixed sex groups. Chapter one documents the activity budgets of two of these multi-male groups and compares them to those of two traditional family troops. Overall behavior repertoire was similar between group type, though more locomoting and aberrant behaviors were exhibited by individuals in the multi-silverback groups. Interaction between the silverbacks varied greatly between the multi-male groups which suggests there could be multiple models of success for these groups. However, further insight is needed to determine why some multi-male groups are successful while others are not. Therefore, the second chapter outlines the results of a multi-institutional survey which covered the recent history of multi-male, mixed-sex groups in North American zoos. The goal of the survey was to determine potential factors associated with silverback compatibility. Results indicate that there is an association between successful multi-male, mixed-sex groups and some life history factors including the relatedness of the males, their rearing histories, and the time at which they were introduced. This research offers insight into a potential gorilla social assemblage that has been underutilized in zoo settings

RECOGNITION CASES IN AMERICAN COURTS, 1923-1930

Although the Soviets have maintained complete, uninterrupted, and practically undisputed control over most of the territory of the former Russian Empire for more than ten years, the United States still refuses to recognize the Soviet government as the international representative of Russia. The first general consideration of the legal situation engendered by the policy of our government was contained in an article by Professor Edwin D. Dickinson, The Unrecognized Government or State in English and American Law,\u27\u27 which appeared in the Michigan Law Review in 1923. In view of the importance of this matter, and the number of cases involving it decided since that time? further consideration of some of the problems may be worth while. The present writer has undertaken, therefore, to review the intervening cases

Measurement of pilot describing functions in single-controller multiloop tasks

Measurement of pilot describing functions in single controller multiloop task

Agreeing to supervise

An analysis of the literature identifying the factors related to satisfactory completion of a doctoral degree and the implications for matching supervisors with students

Statistical Uncertainties in Temperature Diagnostics for Hot Coronal Plasma Using the ASCA SIS

Statistical uncertainties in determining the temperatures of hot (0.5 keV to 10 keV) coronal plasmas are investigated. The statistical precision of various spectral temperature diagnostics is established by analyzing synthetic ASCA Solid-state Imaging Spectrometer (SIS) CCD spectra. The diagnostics considered are the ratio of hydrogen-like to helium-like line complexes of $Z\ge14$ elements, line-free portions of the continuum, and the entire spectrum. While fits to the entire spectrum yield the highest statistical precision, it is argued that fits to the line-free continuum are less susceptible to atomic data uncertainties but lead to a modest increase in statistical uncertainty over full spectral fits. Temperatures deduced from line ratios can have similar accuracy but only over a narrow range of temperatures. Convenient estimates of statistical accuracies for the various temperature diagnostics are provided which may be used in planning ASCA SIS observations.Comment: postscript file of 8 pages+3 figures; 4 files tarred, compressed and uuencoded. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letters; contents copyright 1994 American Astronomical Societ

Public discomfort at the prospect of autonomous vehicles: Building on previous surveys to measure attitudes in 11 countries

There have been many surveys of public responses to Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), both reported in peer-reviewed journals and in the mainstream media. People anchor their representations of novel technological objects within their existing experience. What elements of such experience anchor AVs? We review academic English language survey studies from 2015 to 2017 and surveys publicised in UK National newspapers which typically reveal discomfort about the prospect of AVs. Against this background we report the results of our own survey of 11,827 drivers across 11 European countries, addressing attitudes to driving alongside AVs as well as to riding in them. We establish a composite indicator of perceptions of AVs that combines responses on using AVs and sharing the road with them, and analyse its relationship with a set of covariate measures. Respondents’ technological optimism and uptake of driving technology was associated with more positive perceptions of AVs, and measures of respondents’ enjoyment of driving, and how ‘sociable’ they were towards fellow road users, was associated with more negative perceptions. The negative association between driving ‘sociability’ and enthusiasm for AVs was attenuated by levels of general technological optimism. We discuss the difficulties in researching public responses to novel technological objects and make suggestions for improvement in future survey research on AVs