Uranium Concentration in Human Blood using Fission Track Etch Technique

The technique of fission track etch has been applied to determine concentration of uranium in human blood samples for exposed group and control group, male and female, using CR-39 track detector that is employed for registration of induced fission tracks. The blood samples of exposed group were collected from three key southern Iraqi governorates (Basrah, Muthanna and Dhi-Qar). These governorates were the center of intensive military activities during the 1991 and 2003 Gulf wars. The blood samples of the control group were taken from individuals who live in Babil governorate. This governorate, which is considered environmentally uncontaminated, is located north-west of the study area. The results showed that the uranium concentrations in human blood of exposed group ranged from 0.78 ppb (male, 3 years old, from Dhi-Qar) to 2.47 ppb (female, 65 years old, from Basrah). For the control group, the uranium concentration ranged from 0.32 ppb (male, 4 years old) to 1.47 ppb (female, 52 years old). It has also been found that the uranium concentrations in blood samples of exposed group are higher than those of the control group, and the uranium concentrations for female exposed group and control group are higher than those for male exposed group and control group. Keywords: uranium concentration, human blood, CR-39, fission track, Ira

Determination of Uranium Concentration in Sheep Organs for Some Iraqiۥs Cities

The aim of this research is to determine the uranium concentration and its distribution in many sheep organs that live in different region of Iraq. The uranium concentration in tissue samples is measured by using fission tracks registration in CR-39 detector that caused by the bombardment of U235 with thermal neutrons from (241Am-Be) neutron source of thermal flux (5x 103 n.cm-2. s-1). The results show that the maximum uranium concentration in bronchiole tissues of the animals was found in Karbala city (3.706ppm) while the minimum concentration (0.127 ppm) was found in Al-Faluja city, also the same result in lung tissue the maximum value was found in Karbala city (2.313ppm) and the minimum concentration in Al Fluja (0.082). Otherwise, the maximum concentration in liver tissue was found in AdDiwaniyah city (1.156ppm) while the minimum concentration in Al Fluja city (0.153ppm). The uranium concentrations in heart tissues were found various than the previous results. The results of average uranium concentration in each animal were ranged from 0.149 to 1.675 ppm, the maximum values were found in the cities in south region of Iraq

Radon Gas Concentrations in Soil and Radon Exhalation Rates in Thiqar City

First part to determination concentrations of Rn-222 in surface samples of soil, the highest average concentration of Rn-222 was found in AL-Refai region was equal to (127.500±2 Bq/m3), while lowest the average was found in AL-Aekeckh region which was equal to (33.750±2.2 Bq/m3), with an average value of (75.875±21.8 Bq/m3) ,while the (RER) was found to be ranged from (36.821 mBq/m2h) (T19 region) to (139.103 mBq/m2h) (T1 region), with average value (82.780±18.6 mBq/m2h), second part to determine of concentration of Rn-222 in samples of soil from depth 10 cm , the highest average concentration of radon in AL-Refai region which was equal to (109.500±7.7 Bq/m3), while the lowest average concentration of Rn-222 gas was found in AL-Aekeckh region equal to (30.250±2.9 Bq/m3), with an average value (66.703±14.8 Bq/m3), while (RER) was found to be ranged from (33.003 mBq/m2h) (T19 region) to (119.465 mBq/m2h) (T1 region) ,with value of average (72.784±16.2 mBq/m2h).The concentration of Rn-222 in surface soil and at depth (10 cm) were less than the recommended value given (ICRP, 1993)

Indoor Radon Concentration Measurement in Selected Factories in Northern and Central Iraq

In this work, the outdoor radon concentration level and lung cancer risks have been measured in selected locations in northern and central Iraq during the summer season 2012 by using time integrated passive radon dosimeters containing LR-115 Type II plastic track detectors. These measurements were carried out in the factories for an exposure time of 60 day. The radon concentration in these factories ranges from (36.36 – 125.10) Bq.m-3 with an average of (59.93Bq.m-3), which within the acceptable radon levels (50-150) Bq.m-3 recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The average absorption effective dose equivalent for a person living in factories for which the investigation were done was found to be (1.425mSv.y-1). It is observed that the average lung cancer per year per 106 person was found to be 25.654. Keyword: LR-115 Type II nuclear track detectors; Radon concentration; AEDE; PAEC

Mathematical Modeling of Determining the Average of Uranium Concentration in the Urine for the Radiation Workers According to the Number of Working Years.

In our work, we have used mathematical modeling to determine the uranium concentrations in the urine samples of workers in radiation field according to the number of working years. The work aims at constructing a mathematical model to determine the uranium concentrations in the urine of the radiation workers based on the number of working years. The obtained values, which have been determined by the constructed model, gave reasonable results and a good agreement with the other experimental results

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Level and Annual Effective Dose of Amber Rice Samples Cultivated in the South of Iraq

In this work, the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive material including 238U, 232Th, and 40K were measured of some amber rice samples cultivated in southern Baghdad and Al Najaf governorate and used in Baghdad governorate, Iraq in 2018, using gamma-ray spectrometer with NaI (Tl) detector. The results show that the activity concentrations for 238U ranged from (2.68 to 10.81) Bq/kg with average 5.94 Bq/kg, 232Th ranged from (B.D.L to 3.37) Bq/kg with average 2.65 Bq/kg, and for 40K ranged from (4.48 to 35.7) Bq/kg with average 16.84 Bq/kg. The annual effective dose from rice consumption by adults for 238U, 232Th, and 40K ranged from (0.41 to 1.6) x10-5 Sv/y with average 0.9 x10-5 Sv/y, (B.D.L to 0.42) x10-5 Sv/y with average 0.2 x10-5 Sv/y, and (0.17 to 1.2) x10-5 Sv/y with average 0.45 x10-5 Sv/y respectively. All values of the average specific activities are less than the global average values of ICRP, and the annual effective dose from rice consumption by adults was lower than the permissible limit of (1 m Sv/y) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection

Determination of Uranium Concentration in child teeth by track detector CR-39 in same middle and south regions of Iraq

The study of determing Uranium concentration in samples of teeth is the first of its kind in the Iraq . In this study Uranium concentration has been measured was (32) samples of child teeth distributed on the some of middle and south governorate of Iraq (Muthana – Dekar – Basrah – Najaf – Karbalah – Waset – Babel – Baghdad) . The Uranium concentration in teeth samples has been measured by using fission tracks registration in (CR-39) track detector that caused by the bombardment of (U235) with thermal neutrons falx from (24Am.Be) neutron source that has flux of (5x103n.cm-2S-1). The result obtained show that the Uranium concentrations in governorates were (0.18ppm), (0.172ppm), (0.160ppm), 0.150ppm) (0.89ppm), (0.07ppm) , (0.052ppm), (0.020ppm) (0.089ppm), (0.07ppm) , (0.052ppm) , (0.020ppm) (0.089ppm), (0.07ppm) , (0.052ppm) , (0.20ppm) respectively . As a conclusion from the study of Uranium concentration in Muthana governorate that found to be higher than Dekar and Basrah , Najaf , Karbalah, Waset , Babel and Baghdad . These result are higher thin the Uranium concentrations in one studies in Barazil – Bahia state its (0.016ppm) , and in another study in British about (0.018-0.079ppm)

Uranium concentrations in Soil of Salahdin Governorate Using CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector

Uranium concentrations in soil were determined for ten locations in Salahdin governorate using CR-39 track detector, fission fragments track technique was used, the nuclear reaction of nuclear fission fragments obtained by the bombardment of 235U with thermal neutrons from (Am-Be) neutron source with flux (5000n.cm-2.s-1), the concentration values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results of the measurements show that the uranium concentration in soil samples various from 0.42±0.018ppm in Beji province to 0.2±0.014 ppm in Tooz province with an average (0.31±0.08ppm), the values of uranium concentration in all samples are within the permissible limits universally

Determination the concentration for uranium in phosphrous fertilizers by using nuclear track detector CR-39

The aim of this research was to study the concentrations of Uranium in the phosphorus fertilizers using Nuclear track detector (CR-39). Our present investigation is based on the study of 10 types samples for different kinds of phosphorus fertilizers which were available in the local market Some of them were Iraqi made and the others from different countries like, (Iran, Italy, Holland, Lebanon and Jordan) .. The result obtained shows that the Uranium concentration in phosphorus fertilizers samples varies from (3.59ppm) to(2.59ppm). Based on the radioactive concentration of Uranium in the samples all the results obtained between(3.59ppm) in the Iraqi super phosphate to (2.59ppm) in the mixture Iraqi phosphate fertilizer are within the international levels as given by IAEA (International atomic Energy Agency) date if compares that equal by 12ppm