XML and Electronic Publishing

XMI, is a technology recommendation of the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). XML is concerned with the electronic representation of the structure and content of information. It is a simplified subset of an ISO standard known as SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). Extensible Markup Language (EVIL,) is the key to creating markups that can be used by any number of applications beyond the Web browser. XML is fast gaining popularity for primary data storage and transfer mechanism for web-based applications. It is being used extensively in Electronic publishing, the web and for Electronic Commerce. This paper in tends to broadly deal with the various features of EVIL, its applications to libraries, both traditional and digital, and challenges for creating and managing content

Structure and Architecture of the World Wide Web Virtual Library

A computer based collection of documents, building and individually configured by the user is a "virtual library". This paper discusses one such library, namely www.vlib.org

SOFT CHEWABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: ORAL MEDICATED JELLY AND SOFT CHEW

Oral route is most commonly used for administration of medicament since they are economical, easy to administer, & high patient acceptance. Due to difficulty in administration of therapeutic agents to dysphagia patients it becomes necessary to develop a formulation in order to overcome such inconvenience. Jellies are semisolid dosage form they are transparent, non greasy, & can be used internally as well as externally. Its matrix include large amount of water & they resemble to mucilage but possess jelly like consistency. Advantages of chewable formulation are that it does not require water for ingestion, aesthetic appearance, and good texture. Soft chew is solid, single dose formulation. It is used as acute medication since it is mobile drug delivery systems. They are formulated using heating & congealing technique. It serves as novel dosage form with wide applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and over the counter medicines Keywords: Jellies, Soft chew, Nutraceutical

Metal ions as antibacterial agents

Metals like mercury, arsenic, copper and silver have been used in various forms as antimicrobials for thousands of years. The use of metals in treatment was mentioned in Ebers Papyrus (1500BC); i.e, copper to decrease inflammation & iron to overcome anemia. Copper has been registered at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the earliest solid antimicrobial material. Copper is used for the treatment of different E. coli, MRSA, Pseudomonas infections. Advantage of use of silver is it has low toxicity to human’s cells than bacteria.It is less susceptible to gram +ve bacteria than gram –bacteria due to its thicker cell wall. Zinc is found to be active against Streptococcus pneumonia, Campylobacter jejuni. Silver & zinc act against vibrio cholera & enterotoxic E. coli. The use of metals as antibacterial got reduce with discovery of antibiotics in twentieth century, immediately after that antibiotic resistance was seen due to transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by plasmids also known as Resistance Transfer Factors or R-factors. Metal complexes are used to show synergistic activity against bacteria’s like copper & chlorhexidine on dental plaque bacteria, silver nanoparticles & cephalexin against E. coli & S. aureus. Keywords: Metals, Oligodynamic effect, Copper, Silve

Cytoskeletal interactions at the nuclear envelope mediated by Nesprins

Nesprin-1 is a giant tail-anchored nuclear envelope protein composed of an N-terminal F-actin binding domain, a long linker region formed by multiple spectrin repeats and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. Based on this structure, it connects the nucleus to the actin cytoskeleton. Earlier reports had shown that Nesprin-1 binds to nuclear envelope proteins emerin and lamin through C-terminal spectrin repeats. These repeats can also self-associate. We focus on the N-terminal Nesprin-1 sequences and show that they interact with Nesprin-3, a further member of the Nesprin family, which connects the nucleus to the intermediate filament network. We show that upon ectopic expression of Nesprin-3 in COS7 cells, which are nearly devoid of Nesprin-3 in vitro, vimentin filaments are recruited to the nucleus and provide evidence for an F-actin interaction of Nesprin-3 in vitro. We propose that Nesprins through interactions amongst themselves and amongst the various Nesprins form a network around the nucleus and connect the nucleus to several cytoskeletal networks of the cell

Role of an Optimal Multiagent Scheduling in Different Applications Using ML

Scheduling is regarded as one of the vital decision-making processes used frequently in many real-time cases. It manages everything from resource allocation to the task completion, with the goal to optimize the desired objectives. Subject to the problem, the resources, tasks, and goals can differ. The aim is to design a corporative multiagent system for optimal scheduling. Many of the scheduling available algorithms calculate optimality based on different perspectives. The proposal is to create the dataset using multiple algorithms with different performance metrics to find an optimal one. This data can be imported into machine learning tools for training and predicting, based on the selected performance metrics. The algorithm considered in the empirical analysis includes first come first serve, Round robin, and Ant colony approach. The major finding shows that scheduling using Ant colony is an optimal algorithm, which is based on speed and velocity. The future extension would be to check the correctness of optimality using machine learning tools

High prevalence of typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars excreting food handlers in Karachi-Pakistan: a probable factor for regional typhoid endemicity

Background: Typhoid fever is the persistent cause of morbidity worldwide. Salmonella enterica serovar\u2019s carriers among food handlers have the potential to disseminate this infection on large scale in the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of typhoidal S. enterica serovars among food handlers of Karachi. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi metropolis. A total of 220 food handlers were recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria from famous food streets of randomly selected five towns of Karachi. Three consecutive stool samples were collected from each food handler in Carry Blair transport media. Culture, biochemical identification, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for S. enterica serovars were done. Results: Out of 220 food handlers, 209 consented to participate, and among them, 19 (9.1 %) were positive for S. enterica serovars. Serotyping of these isolates showed that 9 (4.3 %) were typhoidal S. serovars while 10 (4.7 %) were non-typhoidal S. serovars. Of the typhoidal S. serovars, 7 were S. enterica serovar Typhi and 1 each of S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A and B. The resistance pattern of these isolates showed that 77.7 % were resistant to ampicillin and 11.1 % to cotrimoxazole. All typhoidal S. enterica serovars isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefixime, nalidixic acid, and ofloxacin. Conclusions: Carrier rate of typhoidal S. enterica serovars in food handlers working in different food streets of Karachi is very high. These food handlers might be contributing to the high endemicity of typhoid fever in Karachi, Pakistan

Multiple Phenotypes in Adult Mice following Inactivation of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (Car) Gene

To determine the normal function of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR), a protein found in tight junctions and other intercellular complexes, we constructed a mouse line in which the CAR gene could be disrupted at any chosen time point in a broad spectrum of cell types and tissues. All knockouts examined displayed a dilated intestinal tract and atrophy of the exocrine pancreas with appearance of tubular complexes characteristic of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. The mice also exhibited a complete atrio-ventricular block and abnormal thymopoiesis. These results demonstrate that CAR exerts important functions in the physiology of several organs in vivo