Legal Discrimination

The War on Drugs campaign was a political movement created in 1971 with the initial goal of eradicating the production, distribution, and use of illegal drugs for the purpose of reducing the illegal drug trade on American soil. In the near fifty years since its initial implementation, the drug war has had disastrous impacts on citizens from the result of shifting the public perspective of drugs from a public health issue to a nationally political one. Polices and laws created during this period with the intent of targeting drug users have instead created an environment of aggressive policing tactics and police misconduct, which has had a high impact on black communities during the drug era. Issues of police brutality, racial profiling, and unfair policing tactics have helped to further fuel feelings of distrust between black communities and police officers, and have severely impacted the livelihoods of many. This essay will examine a brief history of the relationship between the black community and police, as well as the origin of law enforcement in the United States. Then, I will examine a brief history of the War on Drugs, in addition to some of the policies and laws implemented that have allowed for the militarization and use of excessive force of police officers around the country. It will also observe the effects the drug war has had on members of the black community, such as the relationship dynamic between police officers and civilians and the effects of mass incarceration within the community. Lastly, I will examine the proposals to the reformation of police abuse of power by the Black Lives Matter movement, and determine whether they are categorized under the helping, fixing, serving model instituted by author Rachel Naomi Remen

Understanding the processes and motivations behind participatory metadata: A case-study of the UNC Story Archive

This case-study of the UNC Story Archive examines data derived from semi-structured interviews to explore what processes are used by community members who participate in metadata creation about their story and their community. The findings reveal that the keywords and phrases (metadata) selected by UNC Story Archive contributors to describe their archival contribution are a result of an intricate negotiation of relationships, identity, and information seeking practices. The study data illuminates how contributors navigate relationships with the UNC campus as well as with those who are part of the “in group” and the “out group” of the communities each identified with. This results in metadata that reflects desires to ensure that their story is elevated as an important piece of the larger institutional historical discourse and to account for their safety, or to protect their community.Master of Science in Library Scienc

Scaling impact training for IDRC grantees : facilitator’s manual

Scaling impact​ : training for IDRC grantees​ - http://hdl.handle.net/10625/61013Scaling impact : training course pack for IDRC grantees - http://hdl.handle.net/10625/61014The manual outlines the training approach, structure, materials required, session content and suggestions for running the training. It focuses on the evidence-informed, principles-based approach to scaling impact, and accompanying guidance on how to put the principles into action in research projects. Four guiding principles for the training are: justification, optimal scale, coordination, and dynamic evaluation. The training sessions take an experiential approach by prioritizing practical exercises, reflection, case study reviews and peer discussion, so that participants learn by doing. The two sessions of training can be delivered in either an in-person or online setting

Scaling impact : training course pack for IDRC grantees

Scaling impact training for IDRC grantees : facilitator’s manual - http://hdl.handle.net/10625/61012Scaling impact​ : training for IDRC grantees​ - http://hdl.handle.net/10625/61013“Scaling impact” is a coordinated effort to achieve impacts at optimal scale, undertaken only when morally justified and warranted by evidence. The scaling impact training course pack, includes the agenda for the training, a summary of key concepts, instructions to the exercises, resources, and further reading. The term “scaling science” embraces two meanings: 1) Science of scaling: Empirical, systematic understanding of scaling and how it can increase the likelihood that innovations will benefit society; 2) Scaling scientific research results: An approach to scaling the results of scientific research to achieve impacts that matter. “Scaling impact” challenges common conceptions of scaling

Can uptake length in strams be determined by nutrient addition experiments? Results from an interbiome comparison study

Nutrient uptake length is an important parnmeter tor quantifying nutrient cycling in streams. Although nutrient tracer additions are the preierred method for measuring uptake length under ambient nutrient concentrations, short-term nutrient addition experiments have more irequently been used to estimate uptake length in streams. Theoretical analysis of the relationship between uptake length determined by nutrient addition experiments (Sw\u27) and uptake length determined by tracer additions (Sw)predicted that Sw\u27 should be consistently longer than 5, , and that the overestimate of uptake length by Sw( should be related to the level of nutrient addition above ambient concentrations and the degree of nutrient limitation. To test these predictions, we used data irom an interbiorne study of NH,- uptake length in which 15NH,- tracer and short-term NH,-a ddition experiments were performed in 10 streams using a uniform experimental approach. The experimental results largely contirmed the theoretical predictions: sw\u27 was consistently longer than Sw and Sw\u27:Sw ratios were directly related to the level of NH,- addition and to indicatvrs of N limitation. The experimentally derived Sw\u27:Sw, ratios were used with the theoretical results to infer the N limitation status of each stream. Together, the theoretical and experimental results showed the tracer experiments should be used whenever possible to determine nutrient uptake length in streams. Nutrient addition experiments may be useful for comparing uptake lengths between different streams or cliiferent times in the same stream. however, provided that nutrient additions are kept as low as possible and of similar miagnitude

Factors affecting ammonium uptake in streams - an inter-biome perspective

The Lotic Intersite Nitrogen experiment (LINX) was a coordinated study of the relationships between North American biomes and factors governing ammonium uptake in streams. Our objective was to relate inter-biome variability of ammonium uptake to physical, chemical and biological processes. 2. Data were collected from 11 streams ranging from arctic to tropical and from desert to rainforest. Measurements at each site included physical, hydraulic and chemical characteristics, biological parameters, whole-stream metabolism and ammonium uptake. Ammonium uptake was measured by injection of \u275~-ammonium and downstream measurements of 15N-ammonium concentration. 3. We found no general, statistically significant relationships that explained the variability in ammonium uptake among sites. However, this approach does not account for the multiple mechanisms of ammonium uptake in streams. When we estimated biological demand for inorganic nitrogen based on our measurements of in-stream metabolism, we found good correspondence between calculated nitrogen demand and measured assimilative nitrogen uptake. 4. Nitrogen uptake varied little among sites, reflecting metabolic compensation in streams in a variety of distinctly different biomes (autotrophic production is high where allochthonous inputs are relatively low and vice versa). 5. Both autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism require nitrogen and these biotic processes dominate inorganic nitrogen retention in streams. Factors that affect the relative balance of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism indirectly control inorganic nitrogen uptake

Seabasing and joint expeditionary logistics

Student Integrated ProjectIncludes supplementary material. Executive Summary and Presentation.Recent conflicts such as Operation Desert Shield/Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom highlight the logistics difficulties the United States faces by relying on foreign access and infrastructure and large supply stockpiles ashore to support expeditionary operations. The Navy's transformational vision for the future, Sea Power 21, involves Seabasing as a way to address these difficulties by projecting and sustaining joint forces globally from the sea. This study analyzes logistics flow to, within and from a Sea Base to an objective, and the architectures and systems needed to rapidly deploy and sustain a brigade-size force. Utilizing the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS), this study incorporates a systems engineering framework to examine current systems, programs of record and proposed systems out to the year 2025. Several capability gaps that hamper a brigade-size force from seizing the initiative anywhere in the world within a 10-day period point to a need for dedicated lift assets, such as high-speed surface ships or lighter-than-air ships, to facilitate the rapid formation of the Sea Base. Additionally, the study identifies the need for large-payload/high-speed or load-once/direct-to- objective connector capabilities to minimize the number of at-sea transfers required to employ such a force from the Sea Base in 10 hrs. With these gaps addressed, the Joint Expeditionary Brigade is supportable from the Sea Base.http://archive.org/details/seabasingndjoint109456918N