An Adaptive Fuzzy Contrast Enhancement Algorithm with Details Preserving

This paper modifies the Adaptive Contrast Enhancement Algorithm with Details Preserving (ACEDP) technique by integrating a fuzzy element in the image type selection. The proposed technique, named the Adaptive Fuzzy Contrast Enhancement with Details Preserving (AFCEDP) technique, first computes the degree of membership of the input image to three categories, i.e. low-, middle- or high-level images. The AFCEDP technique then clips the histogram at different plateau limits that are computed from both the degree of membership and the clipping functions. The classification of an image in the ACEDP technique is done based solely on the intensity range of the maximum number of pixels, which may be inaccurate. In the proposed AFCEDP technique, the image type classification is handled in a better way with the integration of a fuzzy element. The performance of the proposed AFCEDP technique was compared with the conventional ACEDP technique and several state-of-art techniques described in the literature. The simulation results revealed that the AFCEDP technique demonstrates good capability in contrast enhancement and detail preservation. In addition, the experiments using cervical cell images and HEp-2 cell images showed great potential of the AFCEDP technique as a technique for enhancing medical microscopic images

An Adaptive Contrast Enhancement Algorithm with Details Preserving

This paper presents an adaptive contrastenhancement algorithm with details preserving (ACEDP) toenhance gray-scale image. Initially, the input image is classifiedinto low-, middle- or high-level image based on the gray-leveldistribution of maximum number of pixels. The proposedACEDP algorithm assigns different plateau functions fordifferent type of image and histogram clipping is then performedfollowed by histogram equalization. Simulation results show thatthe proposed technique outperforms several techniques inliterature. It demonstrates good ability in contrast enhancementas well as details preservation

An Adaptive Fuzzy Contrast Enhancement Algorithm with Details Preserving

This paper modifies the Adaptive Contrast Enhancement Algorithmwith Details Preserving (ACEDP) technique by integrating a fuzzy element inthe image type selection. The proposed technique, named the Adaptive FuzzyContrast Enhancement with Details Preserving (AFCEDP) technique, firstcomputes the degree of membership of the input image to three categories, i.e.low-, middle- or high-level images. The AFCEDP technique then clips thehistogram at different plateau limits that are computed from both the degree ofmembership and the clipping functions. The classification of an image in theACEDP technique is done based solely on the intensity range of the maximumnumber of pixels, which may be inaccurate. In the proposed AFCEDP technique,the image type classification is handled in a better way with the integration of afuzzy element. The performance of the proposed AFCEDP technique wascompared with the conventional ACEDP technique and several state-of-arttechniques described in the literature. The simulation results revealed that theAFCEDP technique demonstrates good capability in contrast enhancement anddetail preservation. In addition, the experiments using cervical cell images andHEp-2 cell images showed great potential of the AFCEDP technique as atechnique for enhancing medical microscopic images

Collision risk assessment based artificial potential field approach for multi-ships avoidance

1037-1047Artificial potential field (APF) is widely used for obstacles avoidance of autonomous surface vessel (ASV). However, its performance is poor for the case that the ASV encounters multiple ships. The collision may happen since the APF method is only taking distance and velocity into account. To solve this problem, a collision risk assessment based approach is proposed. A fuzzy logic system is applied to assess the collision risk with distance of close point of ppproaching (DCPA) and time of close point of approaching (TCPA). The collision risk is used to modify the APF for the ASV to avoid multiple ships. A critical encounter scenario is simulated to test the proposed approach. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method overcomes the problem to help an ASV successfully avoids the ship collision

Coherent perfect absorber and laser induced by directional emissions in the non-Hermitian photonic crystals

In this study, we propose the application of non-Hermitian photonic crystals (PCs) with anisotropic emissions. Unlike a ring of exceptional points (EPs) in isotropic non-Hermitian PCs, the EPs of anisotropic non-Hermitian PCs appear as lines symmetrical about the $\Gamma$ point. The non-Hermitian Hamiltonian indicates that the formation of EPs is related to the non-Hermitian strength. The real spectrum appears in the $\Gamma$Y direction and has been validated as the complex conjugate medium (CCM) by effective medium theory (EMT). But for the $\Gamma$X direction, EMT indicates that the effective refractive index has a large imaginary part, which forms an evanescent wave inside the PCs. Thence, coherent perfect absorber (CPA) and laser effects can be achieved in the directional emission of the $\Gamma$Y. The outgoing wave in the $\Gamma$X direction is weak, which can significantly reduce the losses and electromagnetic interference caused by the leakage waves. Furthermore, the non-Hermitian PCs enable many fascinating applications such as signal amplification, collimation, and angle sensors.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure

Modified Delphi Technique: The Development of Measurement Model for Innovative Instructional Leadership in Technical and Vocational Education Systems

This study aimed to determine the constructs and to develop measurement model of innovative instructional leadership for polytechnics system in Malaysia.  The study used Hallinger and Murphy model as the underpinning theoretical framework. This study has utilized a model development approach as its research design.  In the earlier stage, a Modified Delphi technique was used to gather initial data regarding innovative instructional leadership. Eleven experts were selected based on their expertise and experience.  They confirmed 13 constructs of innovative instructional leadership for the polytechnics system.  Stratified random sampling was used in this study to select the respondents.  A new instrument was developed which consisted of 13 constructs and 188 items and distributed to the respondents in the selected polytechnics to determine the innovative instructional leadership of the polytechnic administrators.  Empirical data collected were analyses using descriptive and inferential statistics that included confirmatory factor analysis.  The results showed that lecturers at the polytechnics did not agree that their administrators possess the innovative instructional leadership particularly related to strategic thinking, innovative thinking and network management.  In addition, the study also found that the administrators of the polytechnics have moderate level of innovative instructional leadership for most of the constructs.  Based on confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that only 68 items out of 188 items that are important to the innovative instructional leadership in the polytechnics system in Malaysia.  In conclusion, this research study has obtained nine importance of innovative instructional leadership in the polytechnic system in Malaysia. Importance of acquired is expected to improve the technical competence of the organization, particularly polytechnics to achieve the aspirations outlined transformation. In addition, these studies also acquire instruments for innovative instructional leadership to guide the administrator to assess the weaknesses and constraints existing in themselves. It is hoped that the results of this study could assist the top management in polytechnics to spearhead the direction and leadership of the polytechnics towards a more creative and innovative system in line with the government's desire to transform the polytechnic system to becoming a preferred choice of higher education institution

Importance of Safety in a Workshop at Schools for a Safe and Effective Teaching and Learning Sessions

Dangerous situations can develop at any time in a workshop if the people who use the workshop are not alert. It can be very dangerous even though a simple mistake occurs when the safety procedures are compromised. This research aims to obtain the perception and comments from students regarding their knowledge about workshop safety in schools. The objective of this research is to acquire the perception and comments from Faculty of Technical and Vocational, Sultan Idris Education University students.  There are 5 different questions distributed among the students for them to give their judgements. This study is an interview based approach. The data was collected by distributing the questions to 148 students and 35 student’s answers were randomly picked to be analysed. The students are expected to give their perception and comments based on their knowledge and observation about workshop safety and its practises in secondary schools. Results show that, around 40% of the students feel that all the teachers know about safety in workshop to avoid an accident from occurring. Some students commented that teachers need to enlighten the students about safety because many of them are not practising it at the fullest. Many students feels that first aid kit is the main instrument which must be kept in a workshop in the event of accident occurs. The conclusion is, knowledge about workshop safety is good but it must be practised by students and teachers in all schools to minimize injuries and damages

Enhancement on migration and biodegradation of Diaphorobacter sp. LW2 mediated by Pythium ultimum in soil with different particle sizes

IntroductionThe composition and structure of natural soil are very complex, leading to the difficult contact between hydrophobic organic compounds and degrading-bacteria in contaminated soil, making pollutants hard to be removed from the soil. Several researches have reported the bacterial migration in unsaturated soil mediated by fungal hyphae, but bacterial movement in soil of different particle sizes or in heterogeneous soil was unclear. The remediation of contaminated soil enhanced by hyphae still needs further research.MethodsIn this case, the migration and biodegradation of Diaphorobacter sp. LW2 in soil was investigated in presence of Pythium ultimum.ResultsHyphae could promote the growth and migration of LW2 in culture medium. It was also confirmed that LW2 was able to migrate in the growth direction and against the growth direction along hyphae. Mediated by hyphae, motile strain LW2 translocated over 3 cm in soil with different particle size (CS1, 1.0–2.0 mm; CS2, 0.5–1.0mm; MS, 0.25–0.5 mm and FS, <0.25 mm), and it need shorter time in bigger particle soils. In inhomogeneous soil, hyphae participated in the distribution of introduced bacteria, and the total number of bacteria increased. Pythium ultimum enhanced the migration and survival of LW2 in soil, improving the bioremediation of polluted soil.DiscussionThe results of this study indicate that the mobilization of degrading bacteria mediated by Pythium ultimum in soil has great potential for application in bioremediation of contaminated soil