Characteristics of body composition in male students with inactive life

This study was made to find the characteristics of body composition, aerobic capacity, and grip strength in male students with inactive life. For the purpose above, we studied those of three groups; male students with inactive life, male students belonging to a college tennis club and male personnel with sedentary life. Body composition was estimated by a method of measuring skinfold thickness. Aerobic capacity was measured by carrying out submaximal work with Isopower Ergometer in a bicycle shape. The results were as follows 1) The indices of aerobic capacity represented well the usual exercise-levels by figures 2) LBM influenced aerobic capacity for inactive men without distinction of the two ages 3) As the value of LBM increased，all subjects had a tendency to put forth grip strength further 4) A positive correlation was found between LBM and BFM of. inactive students (Pく0.05) 5) Only inactive students had a significant correlation between aerobic capacity and BFM(P <0.05) From the above, we indicated that inactive students were in a poor state of exercise. As this result, for inactive students, BFM was found to be rather large, and aerobic capacity also was found to be on low level. Aerobic capacity, however, was within the permitted limit. Moreover, we could conclude the following: For the male students with inactive life, the function of BFM on cardiorespiratory system would be weight for providing them with a certain exercise intensity, not having a time for exercise in particular form. Thus it was considered that BFM has an effect on aerobic capacity

Body composition and three indices of physical fitness in freshmen: exercise is of no effect?

Grip strength. back strength, standing trunk flexion and skinfold thickness were measured on 314 freshmen (mean 18.6 years). Body composition was estimated by the method of measuring skinfold thickness. The subjects were asked whether they had belonged to athletic clubs in junior and/or senior high schools or not, and they were divided into four groups with regard to their answers. Of the groups, group A is composed of 94 students who belonged to athletic clubs both in junior and senior high schools and group B is composed of 117 students who did not. The values of groups A and B were compared. The results were as follows: 1) The mean value of fat storage rate (% fat) of all subjects was 21% and 44 per cent of them were judged to be obese. 2) The % fat of growp A was smaller than that of group B. 3) Group A indicated significantly bigger Lean Body Mass (LBM) and LBM/Height-index than group B (P < 0.01). 4) The grip strength and back strength of group A were significantly better than those of group B (P < 0.01). 5) There was no statistical difference in standing trunk flexion between groups A and B. From these results, it seems that exercise in adolescence keeps % fat small. promotes the development of muscle and enhances muscular strength

High-redshift Ly alpha emitters with a large equivalent width: Properties of i-dropout galaxies with an NB921-band depression in the Subaru Deep Field

We report new follow-up spectroscopy of i-dropout galaxies with an NB921-band depression found in the Subaru Deep Field. The NB921-depressed i-dropout selection method is expected to select galaxies with large equivalent width Ly alpha emission over a wide redshift range, 6.0<z<6.5. Two of four observed targets show a strong emission line with a clear asymmetric profile, identified as Ly alpha emitters at z=6.11 and 6.00. Their rest-frame equivalent widths are 153A and 114A, which are lower limits on the intrinsic equivalent widths. Through our spectroscopic observations (including previous ones) of NB921-depressed i-dropout galaxies, we identified 5 galaxies in total with a rest-frame equivalent width larger than 100A at 6.0<z<6.5 out of 8 photometric candidates, which suggests that the NB921-depressed i-dropout selection method is possibly an efficient way to search for Ly alpha emitters with a large Ly alpha equivalent width, in a wider redshift range than usual narrow-band excess techniques. By combining these findings with our previous observational results, we infer that the fraction of broad-band selected galaxies having a rest-frame equivalent width larger than 100A is significantly higher at z~6 (the cosmic age of ~1 Gyr) than that at z~3 (~2 Gyr), being consistent with the idea that the typical stellar population of galaxies is significantly younger at z~6 than that at z~3. The NB921-depressed i-dropout galaxies may be interesting candidates for hosts of massive, zero-metallicity Population III stars.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Large-scale Filamentary Structure around the Protocluster at Redshift z=3.1

We report the discovery of a large-scale coherent filamentary structure of Lyman alpha emitters in a redshift space at z=3.1. We carried out spectroscopic observations to map the three dimensional structure of the belt-like feature of the Lyman alpha emitters discovered by our previous narrow-band imaging observations centered on the protocluster at z=3.1. The feature was found to consist of at least three physical filaments connecting with each other. The result is in qualitative agreement with the prediction of the 'biased' galaxy-formation theories that galaxies preferentially formed in large-scale filamentary or sheet-like mass overdensities in the early Universe. We also found that the two known giant Lyman alpha emission-line nebulae showing high star-formation activities are located near the intersection of these filaments, which presumably evolves into a massive cluster of galaxies in the local Universe. This may suggest that massive galaxy formation occurs at the characteristic place in the surrounding large-scale structure at high redshift.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Population-level transition of capsular polysaccharide types among sequence type 1 group B Streptococcus isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility during a long-term hospital epidemic

Over a 35-month period, group B Streptococcus isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility (PRGBS) were detected from elderly patients at a regional hospital in Japan, accompanying population-level transition of PRGBS serotypes. The genetic relatedness of 77 non-duplicate PRGBS from 73 patients was analysed. Serotype III PRGBS predominated (16 serotype III/1 serotype Ib) in the first 9 months (period I), then 3 serotype Ib isolates appeared transiently for the next 3 months (period II), which was replaced predominantly by serotype Ia (20 serotype Ia/1 serotype III/1 non-typeable) for 9 months (period III). In the last 14 months (period IV), besides 25 serotype Ia isolates, 10 serotype III were also identified. Serotypes III and Ia isolates, belonging to ST1, shared G329V, G398A, V405A and G429D substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 2X. Of three strains subjected to whole-genome sequencing, serotype III strain SU12 (period I) had a higher degree of genomic similarity with serotype Ia strain SU97 (period III) than serotype Ib strain SU67 (period II) based on average nucleotide identity and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Analysis of the cps gene clusters and the upstream and downstream flanking sequences revealed that disruption of the hyaluronidase gene located upstream of cpsY by insertion of IS 1548 was found in strain SU12, whereas Delta ISSag8 was inserted between tRNA-Arg and rpsA genes located downstream of cpsL in strain SU97. Interestingly, most serotype III PRGBS re-emerging in period IV had this tRNA-Arg-Delta ISSag8-rpsA region. Capsular switching and nosocomial transmission may possibly contribute to population-level serotype replacement among ST1 PRGBS isolates. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS.53(3):203-210(2019)journal articl

The End of the Reionization Epoch Probed by Ly-alpha Emitters at z=6.5 in the Subaru Deep Field

We report an extensive search for Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) at z=6.5 in the Subaru Deep Field. Subsequent spectroscopy with Subaru and Keck identified eight more LAEs, giving a total of 17 spectroscopically confirmed LAEs at z=6.5. Based on this spectroscopic sample of 17, complemented by a photometric sample of 58 LAEs, we have derived a more accurate Lyman-alpha luminosity function of LAEs at z=6.5, which reveals an apparent deficit at the bright end of ~0.75 mag fainter L*, compared with that observed at z=5.7. The difference in the LAE luminosity functions between z=5.7 and 6.5 is significant at the 3-sigma level, which is reduced to 2-sigma when cosmic variance is taken into account. This result may imply that the reionization of the universe has not been completed at z=6.5. We found that the spatial distribution of LAEs at z=6.5 was homogeneous over the field. We discuss the implications of these results for the reionization of the universe.Comment: To appear in APJ vol.648. Only minor corrections have been made. Black&White version is available at http://zone.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~kashik/sdf/z6p5lae/paper/sdf_z6p5lae_bw.pd