Thirumoolar's Educational Policies

Saivism is one of the oldest religions in our country. The Saiva saints gave ‘Panniru Thirumuraikal (Thirumurai is a twelve-volume compendium of songs or hymns in praise of Shiva)’ to instill in the minds of the people of the world the feeling of God. Thirumanthiram by Thirumoolar is the 10th Thirumarai among the religious books of such a special Thirumarai Panuval (Thirumurai Discourses). Thirumoolar has created a book that explains the good life, the system, and the subtleties of Jnana Yoga (The Path of attaining Knowledge) for all the people of the world to undertake. In Thirumanthiram, Thirumoolar has effectively laid down the principles of education, questioning, and illiteracy for the well-being of the people of the country. Education is the basis of the principle of individual morality. Education is something that enables an individual to excel in life. Education has the power to change society. If every human being is to have good discipline, there must be education. That is why our great sages have emphasized the importance of education in their books. Thirumoolar, a Saiva devotee, has also explained the education of individual life in Thirumanthiram. He has emphasized the significance of wisdom education in enabling man to live as a human being. This thesis explains the educational principles that Thirumoolar proposed for the betterment of individual lives

MICROENCAPSULATION OF ASTAXANTHINUSING IONOTROPIC GELATION METHOD ISOLATED FROM THREE CRAB VARIETIES

Objective: The objective of the present study was to prepare microencapsulated astaxanthin isolated from three crab varieties. Methods: Astaxanthin was isolated from Portunus sanguinolentus (Three Spotted Crab), Callinectes sapidus (Blue Crab), and Paralithodes brevipes (Spiny King Crab) using hexane: isopropanol and microencapsulated astaxanthin were prepared by 2% sodium alginate and 3% calcium chloride using ionotropic gelation method. The prepared microsphere was evaluated for SEM analysis, drug content, and encapsulation efficiency and swelling studies. Results: The microspheres obtained were heterogeneous in size, round shaped with smooth surface and with no obvious dents. The practical drug content varied between 35.25 mg to 42.21 mg. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be higher in blue crab (90.42 %) when compared with other crab varieties along with astaxanthin standard. The result showed that the swelling ratio at pH 1.2 was lesser than at pH 7.4. Conclusion: Thus the result gained revealed that the microencapsulated astaxanthin could support the concept of sustained release in drug therapy

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Lyophilized Platelet Lysate against Organisms Isolated from Infected Root Canals: An in vitro Study

INTRODUCTION: The technically demanding endodontic treatment sometimes faces failures because of various polymicrobial infections. Common organisms isolated from such infections are Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Several researches were made with various materials to eradicate such organisms. The study material used here is Lyophilized platelet rich plasma (L-PRP), which has been recently used in dentistry and other medical fields to promote hard and soft tissue regeneration.AIM: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of lyophilized platelet lysate (LPL) against microorganisms like Enterococcus Faecalis, Bacillus Subtilis and Candida Albicans.MATERIALS AND METHOD: Discarded blood samples were obtained from blood banks after centrifugation, sterility check and activation. After this, lyophilization of the platelets was carried out. The antimicrobial activity of this freeze dried powder was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration method and then by the Agar disk diffusion method.RESULTS: Lyophilized platelet lysate (LPL) inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans which is commonly associated with failed root canal treatment.CONCLUSION: LPL has the potential to be effective against the organisms which causes failure of root canal treatment. This can be of a valuable property in tissue engineering

Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Nanoparticles as Carriers of Rosuvastatin Calcium for Oral Administration.

A fundamental unit operation having important applications in pharmacy. It helps in improving solubility and bioavailability, reducing toxicity, enhancing release and providing better formulation opportunities for drugs. In most of the cases, size reduction is limited to micron size range, for example, various pharmaceutical dosage forms like powder, emulsion, suspension etc. Drugs in the nanometer size range enhance performance in a variety of dosage forms. Major advantages of nanosizing include increased surface area, enhanced solubility, increased rate of dissolution, increased oral bioavailability, more rapid onset of therapeutic action, less amount of dose required, decreased fed/fasted variability and decreased patient-to-patient variability the nanoprecipitation was a useful method for the successful incorporation of rosuvastatin calcium with high entrapment efficiency. The solubility and ex vivo intestinal permeability studies suggested that the nanoparticle formulations can improve the bioavailability of the rosuvastatin calcium by improving its solubility and permeability across intestinal membrane. Furthermore, it could be presumed that if the nanometer range particles were obtained, the bioavailability might be increased. Hence, we can conclude that polymeric nanoparticles enhance the bioavailability of poorly water soluble and low lipophilic drug like rosuvastatin calcium as a drug delivery system

Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Nanoparticles as Carriers of Rosuvastatin Calcium for Oral Administration

This study is to formulate and evaluate oral nanoparticulate drug delivery of rosuvastatin calcium used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Management of hypercholesterolemia continues to be challenging with the currently available drugs due to poor bioavailability by the oral route and due to toxicity which occur at higher doses. Since, the preferred route of oral administration is limited to those drug molecules due to its poor solubility and/or poor permeability across the gastric mucosa. A large majority of the new chemical entities (NCE) and many existing drug molecules are poorly soluble and/or poorly permeable, thereby limiting their potential uses and increasing the difficulty of formulating bioavailable drug products. These limitations necessitate urgent requirement of novel drug delivery which do not suffer from such problems. Rosuvastatin calcium is a potent inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, which is widely used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and may decrease the relative risk of heart attack and stroke. Currently this drug is administered orally as tablets. Since the drug is sparingly soluble and poorly permeable (partition coefficient (octanol/water) – 0.13 at pH 7.0) across the gastric mucosa, the drug displays oral bioavailability (absolute bioavailability-20%) problems in conventional dosage forms. Reported side effects are myopathy, rhabdomyolysis which occur at higher doses. Thus it could be a promising candidate in nanoparticulate drug delivery taking into accounts its poor solubility and poor permeability. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems appear to be promising for improving bioavailability of drugs. These nanoparticulate systems are a type of colloidal drug delivery systems where the particle size varies from 10nm – 1000 nm in diameter. Nanoparticles have important potential application for the administration of therapeutic, diagnostic agents and represent very promising drug delivery system of controlled and targeted drug release. Though a wide range of polymers are being used for the development of nanoparticles, the present study included Eudragit L-100 and Eudragit S-100 as polymers and Pluronic and PVA as stabilizers

Note on Pharmacological Activities of Melissa officinalis L.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is a perennial herb in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. Lemon Balm is used medicinally as a herbal tea, or in extract form. It is claimed to have antibacterial, antiviral properties (it is effective against herpes simplex), and it is also used as a mild sedative or calming agent. At least one study has found it to be effective at reducing stress, although the study\u27s authors call for further research. Its antibacterial properties have also been demonstrated scientifically, although they are markedly weaker than those from a number of other plants studied

Synchrophasor Technology for Cyber Security in Smart Grid

Smart grid is controlled by an authority personnel who uses LAN or the internet to control it. By knowing this information any one from outside can control the smart grid using LAN or the internet. This process of hacking the smart grid control is known as aurora attack. The Aurora attack may pose a risk to rotating machinery operating under certain conditions on the electrical grid. The Aurora attack involves opening and closing one or more circuit breakers, resulting in an out-of-synchronism condition that may damage rotating equipment connected to the power grid.This paper focuses on the Aurora attack on a synchronous generator and the existing technology available to mitigate the attack. The root cause of the vulnerability is breakdown in security. The first level prevents the attack with sound security practices. The second level protects the equipment in the event that the security level is compromised. The equipment can be protected using wide-area synchronized phasor measurement and protection system and security considerations

Estimation Salivary C Reactive Protein in pregnant women with obesity and periodontitis and their potential risk for preterm birth

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study is to estimate the level of salivary C reactive protein in pregnant women with obesity and periodontitis and to identify their potential risk for preterm birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74 pregnancy women between age 19 to 40 years were included in the study in gestational age ≤ 32 weeks. Depending on inclusion and exclusion criteria the subjects were divided into 4 groups. Clinical parameters like gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, body mass index were evaluated. Salivary sample was collected by unstimulated method in sterile container and evaluated for salivary C reactive protein levels using particle enhanced particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (CRP calibrator Euro diagnostic systems). And the patient were followed till their delivery and post obsteritics details are obtained about delivery week and weight of the infants. RESULTS: The association was stronger in obesity patient to get preterm birth with odds ratio = 8.556. The association was stronger in group C to get low birth weight infants and preterm birth with odds ratio = 15.75 and odds ratio = 2.54, respectively. The association was also stronger in group D patients to get preterm birth and low birth weight with odds ratio = 11.2000 and odds ratio = 8.5556 respectively. The odds ratio of more than one value suggest, there is strong association between them. Pre term birth was defined as delivery at < 37 weeks of gestation. In group A, 3 subject had preterm birth, while in group B, C and D 11, 9, and 11 preterm birth were recorded respectively . In group D, 7 subjects gave birth to infant with weight ≤ 2.5kg which was considered as low term birth, found to be statistically significant when compared to group A respectively. When infant weight and salivary CRP are correlated, in group C and D they found to have negative good correlation ie., when salivary c reactive protein level increased there were increased risk for preterm birth. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that pregnant women with both obesity and periodontitis are significantly more likely to have PTB than pregnant women in control group. Our results support that maternal obesity must be controlled and managed prior to pregnancy; in particular, obese pregnant women must manage and maintain better periodontal health than normal weight pregnant women in order to reduce PTB with LBW