Winners and losers in Luxembourg: A statistical analysis of judicial review before the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance (2001-2005)

Reproduced with permission of the publisher

HIV positive status disclosure to sexual partner among women attending ART clinic at Hawassa University Referral Hospital, SNNPR, Ethiopia

Background: Disclosure of HIV positive status has key role in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Reports of non-disclosure and negative outcome of disclosure are common. Thus, disclosure of HIV positive status is a theme that demands investigation.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and outcome of HIV positive status disclosure to sexual partner among women living with HIV/AIDS and attending Hawassa University Referral Hospital, South Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region (SNNPR) during a period of March to April 2008.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted at Hawassa University  Referral Hospital. Single population proportion formula was used to determine sample size. Using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire, data on disclosure were collected through interview. After explaining purpose of the survey, data collection was continued until the required sample was obtained. Then, data were entered using EPI info version 2002 statistical package and cross checked for reliability. Using SPSS 12.1 for windows statistical package, analysis was done. Results: Overall 85.7% of the women had disclosed their HIV positive status to sexual partner. Main barriers of disclosure reported by non-disclosed subjects were; fear of abandonment, fear of break-up in relationship and fear of stigma. More than 59% of the women with regular sexual partner faced negative partner reaction after disclosure. Compared with married women, those women who were in a cohabiting relationship were less likely to disclose their HIV status to sexual partners (AOR 0.16; 95% CI 0.04, 0.60); women who did not know HIV status of their sexualpartners were less likely to disclose their HIV positive status than their counter parts (AOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.00, 0.08) and women who had been on ART for more than one year were more likely to disclose their HIV positive status than the reference groups (AOR 8.62; 95% CI 1.35, 55.22).Conclusion: HIV positive status disclosure to sexual partner in this study was higher than what was reported in other studies in Ethiopia, for Mettu and Gore (69%) but slightly lower than the report from Jimma (94.5%) and Addis Ababa (92%). Negative partner reaction following disclosure was higher. Effectively addressing issues of disclosure was recommended to encourage disclosure and cope with negative reactions after disclosure in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Besides, currently existing Information Education Communication (IEC) interventions on HIV/AIDS should be strengthened, to reduce negative partner reaction following disclosure. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2010;24(1):9-14

A Closer Look on the Main Characters’ Tendency: “BUMI MANUSIA” by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

A novel is a story that is related to real or fictional events imagined by the author through their observation of reality. The analysis of this present article aims to describe the magnitude of the characterization effect through a character figure and the position of the characters in the novel "Bumi Manusia" by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The method used in this research is character description to explain individual characteristics tendency and the condition of a group more accurately, particularly the characters called Minke, Annelies, and Nyai Ontosoroh; the three most prominent figures. As the lead character, Minke fights against injustice; readers’ realize a most valuable lesson, seen in page 12, which says, “My personality becomes more different from my countrymen in general, violating my form as a Javanese person.

Extraction of electromagnetic neutron form factors through inclusive and exclusive polarized electron scattering on polarized 3He target

Inclusive 3He(e,e') and exclusive 3He(e,e'n) processes with polarized electrons and 3He have been theoretically analyzed and values for the magnetic and electric neutron form factors have been extracted. In both cases the form factor values agree well with the ones extracted from processes on the deuteron. Our results are based on Faddeev solutions, modern NN forces and partially on the incorporation of mesonic exchange currents.Comment: 28 pages, 29 Postscript figure

Pendampingan Pembenahan dan Pengelolaan Rumah Dataku dan Informasi Keluarga Kampung Keluarga Berkualitas (KB) Kelurahan Kauman Kidul Salatiga

Pengabdian dan pemberdayaan masyarakat merupakan kegiatan yang berusaha memberikan kemajuan bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat dan mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Dalam artikel ini pengabdian dan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui kegiatan Praktek Lapangan Terpadu (PLT) akan memaparkan kegiatan pembenahan klasifikasi Rumah Data Kependudukan dan Informasi Keluarga, pendamping inputting data dan pembuatan format variabel data serta pembuatan akun sosial media dan video profil Kampung KB Teratai. Berdasarkan hasil praktek lapangan yang dilakukan, pembenahan dan pendampingan ini memberikan manfaat bagi pengurus Rumah Data dan Kampung KB dimana para pengurus mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih dalam akan inputting data secara digital dengan didukung oleh kelengkapan format data yang ada, tersedianya tempat untuk melakukan verifikasi, analisis dan pengarsipan data serta adanya media promosi kegiatan dan potensi wisata yang ada di Kauman Kidul.Community service and empowerment are activities that try to provide progress for the welfare of society and educate the life of the nation. In this article community service and empowerment through the Integrated Field Practice (IFP) activities will describe the activities of improving the classification of the Population Data and Family Information Houses, assisting data input and making data variable formats as well as making social media accounts and video profiles of Kampung KB Teratai. Based on the results of field practice that was carried out, this improvement and assistance provided benefits for administrators of Rumah Data and Kampung KB where the administrators got a deeper understanding of digital data input, supported by the completeness of existing data formats, availability of places to verify, analyse. and data archiving and the existence of media to promote tourism activities and potential in Kauman Kidul

Octet-Baryon Form Factors in the Diquark Model

We present an alternative parameterization of the quark-diquark model of baryons which particularly takes care of the most recent proton electric form-factor data from the E136 experiment at SLAC. In addition to electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon, for which good agreement with data is achieved, we discuss the weak axial vector form factor of the nucleon as well as electromagnetic form factors of $\Lambda$ and $\Sigma$ hyperons. Technical advance in calculating the pertinent analytic expressions within perturbative quantum chromodynamics is gained by formulating the wave function of the quark-diquark system in a covariant way. Finally, we also comment on the influence of Sudakov corrections within the scope of the diquark model.Comment: 16 pages, WU-B 93-07, latex, uuencoded postscript files of 7 figures appended at the end of the latex fil

Extended Gari-Krumpelmann model fits to nucleon electromagnetic form factors

Nucleon electromagnetic form factor data (including recent data) is fitted with models that respect the confinement and asymptotic freedom properties of QCD. Gari-Krumpelmann (GK) type models, which include the major vector meson pole contributions and at high momentum transfer conform to the predictions of perturbative QCD, are combined with Hohler-Pietarinen (HP) models, which also include the width of the rho meson and the addition of higher mass vector meson exchanges, but do not evolve into the explicit form of PQCD at high momentum transfer. Different parameterizations of the GK model's hadronic form factors, the effect of including the width of the rho meson and the addition of the next (in mass) isospin 1 vector meson are considered. The quality of fit and the consistency of the parameters select three of the combined HP/GK type models. Projections are made to the higher momentum transfers which are relevant to electron-deuteron experiments. The projections vary little for the preferred models, removing much of the ambiguity in electron-nucleus scattering predictions.Comment: 18pp, 7 figures, using RevTeX with BoxedEPS macros; 1 new figure, minor textual changes; email correspondence to [email protected]

On the Nucleon Distribution Amplitude: The Heterotic Solution

We present a new nucleon distribution amplitude which amalgamates features of the Chernyak-Ogloblin-Zhitnitsky model with those of the Gari-Stefanis model. This "heterotic" solution provides the possibility to have asymptotically a small ratio \hbox{$\vert G_{M}^{n}\vert/G_{M}^{p}\le 0.1$}, while fulfilling most of the sum-rule requirements up to the third order. Using this nucleon distribution amplitude we calculate the electromagnetic and weak nucleon form factors, the transition form factor $\gamma p \Delta^{+}$ and the decay widths of the charmonium levels $^3S_{1}$, $^3P_{1}$, and $^3P_{2}$ into $p\bar p$. The agreement with the available data is remarkable in all cases.Comment: 15 pages, RUB-TPII-21/92 Preprin

Effect of recent R_p and R_n measurements on extended Gari-Krumpelmann model fits to nucleon electromagnetic form factors

The Gari-Krumpelmann (GK) models of nucleon electromagnetic form factors, in which the rho, omega, and phi vector meson pole contributions evolve at high momentum transfer to conform to the predictions of perturbative QCD (pQCD), was recently extended to include the width of the rho meson by substituting the result of dispersion relations for the pole and the addition of rho' (1450) isovector vector meson pole. This extended model was shown to produce a good overall fit to all the available nucleon electromagnetic form factor (emff) data. Since then new polarization data shows that the electric to magnetic ratios R_p and R_n obtained are not consistent with the older G_{Ep} and G_{En} data in their range of momentum transfer. The model is further extended to include the omega' (1419) isoscalar vector meson pole. It is found that while this GKex cannot simultaneously fit the new R_p and the old G_{En} data, it can fit the new R_p and R_n well simultaneously. An excellent fit to all the remaining data is obtained when the inconsistent G_{Ep} and G_{En} is omitted. The model predictions are shown up to momentum transfer squared, Q^2, of 8 GeV^2/c^2.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, using RevTeX4; email correspondence to [email protected] ; minor typos corrected, figures added, conclusions extende