The effect of local heating on air quality in a small settlement

Concentrations of PM10 and Black Smoke (BS) were measured during one winter and two summer periods in small village Albrechtice v Jizerských horách. Major source of aerosol in this village is domestic use of coal and wood burning. 15 minute concentrations of PM10 were measured by DustTrak and 24-h concentrations of PM10 were measured by Harvard impactor. 24-h concentrations of BS were measured too. Concentrations of PM10 and 24-h concentrations of BS were highly correlated during the heating season (0,89). The correlation dropped to 0,68 during the second summer period. Concentrations of PM10 were negatively correlated with average daily temperature during the winter season (-0,41). Positive correlation between PM10 and temperature was found during the first summer period (0,34) and no correlation was found during the second summer period (-0,01). Concentrations of BS were negatively correlated with average daily temperature during all the three seasons. Negative correlation between PM10 and wind velocity was found during the winter season (-0,43). Daily maximums were found mainly between 4 and 12 pm. Comparison of PM10 data from Albrechtice with PM10 data from two urban areas Jablonec nad Nisou and Liberec and one background area Souš showed that average PM10 concentrations in Albrechtice were the..

Fig. 3 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 3. Results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS, Bray – Curtis with similarity index), for the females (left) and males (right) conducted separately. The following variables were considered: subcaudals, crown scales, apicals, perioculars, parietals and loreals (only on the right side because V. walser show a much higher degree of asymmetry on loreal scales count, compared to V. berus). The analysis was carried out on V. walser and three groups of V. berus having the same number of samples, in order to evaluate intraspecific variability. V. walser are in red. The graphs show V. walser to be well differentiated in respect to the three groups of V. berus, which are mostly overlapping

A new population and subspecies of the critically endangered Anatolian meadow viper Vipera anatolica Eiselt and Baran, 1970 in eastern Antalya province. Supplementary materials

<p>We report on a new population of <i>Vipera anatolica </i>from the Geyik Mountain Range in eastern Antalya Province, Turkey. It represents only the second known location, and is situated in a valley about 200 km east from the terra typica at Kohu Da˘g in western Antalya Province. We compare both populations and, based on marked differences in morphology, habitat, genetics, and its geographically isolated location, we describe the recently discovered population as a new subspecies. Aspects of ecology, threats, and conservation needs are discussed.</p

Fig. 3 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 3. Results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS, Bray – Curtis with similarity index), for the females (left) and males (right) conducted separately. The following variables were considered: subcaudals, crown scales, apicals, perioculars, parietals and loreals (only on the right side because V. walser show a much higher degree of asymmetry on loreal scales count, compared to V. berus). The analysis was carried out on V. walser and three groups of V. berus having the same number of samples, in order to evaluate intraspecific variability. V. walser are in red. The graphs show V. walser to be well differentiated in respect to the three groups of V. berus, which are mostly overlapping

figure 4

relationship between the allelic richness and the distance between the current location of the populations and the distance to the putative refugia (in km

fstat-cladeF

fstat-clade

wsubcalde_6m_Dc_locus

tree description of the Figure

Unravelling the disease ecology of Snake Fungal Disease: high genetic variability and ecological features of <i>Ophidiomyces ophidiicola</i> in Switzerland

The discovery of the fungal pathogen Ophidiomyces ophidiicola (Oo), the aetiologic agent of Snake Fungal Disease (SFD), has raised a growing interest in the North American and European scientific communities, in particular toward conservation. This pathogen is known or suspected to be associated with the declines of some snake populations in North America and was detected later in Europe. Its ecology, distribution and phylogeography still remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected skin swabs from 271 free-ranging snakes in Switzerland across 8 different species and 13 sites. The overall pathogen prevalence was at least 28% with sequences consistent with both the European and the North American lineages (respectively Clade I and II) of Oo. Semi-aquatic snakes were more likely to be infected by Oo, and high human disturbance (human frequentation and direct impact on snakes) was associated with a higher Oo prevalence, whereas season, body condition and snake species introduction was not. This study suggests that Switzerland might represent a region characterised by high genetic variability in Oo, and where long-term monitoring might be particularly important to follow the evolution of the disease in free-ranging snakes.</p

for Dryad

file in Structure format with the coloration, the sex, population ID where the sample was collected, and the length of 9 microsatellite marker