From Columbus to Cooperation - Trade and Shipping Policies from 1492 to 1992

This Article summarizes the history of international trade agreements from the time of Columbus to the present

From Columbus to Cooperation - Trade and Shipping Policies from 1492 to 1992

This Article summarizes the history of international trade agreements from the time of Columbus to the present

Introduction- Twenty-Five Years of the Fordham International Law Journal

A review of the history of the Fordham ILJ. It is a partial reprint of an essay published in 20 FORDHAM INT\u27L L.J. 1 (1996). The essay attempts to briefly summarize the purpose of the ILJ and past volumes

The United Nations: Reflections on Fifty Years, 1945-1995

Introduction in relation to the 50th anniversary of the United Nations

What Is the Lived Experience for Doctors When They Are Involved in a Serious Incident? A Descriptive Phenomenological Analysis

Within the National Health Service (NHS), when a serious incident (SI) occurs that harms a patient, understandably, the patient and their families are the primary focus. However, Wu (2000) recognised that the medical doctors involved in the SI, whom he termed “second victims”, can also experience psychological distress. This research aimed to explore the lived experiences of second victims, to better understand the second victim phenomenon, as given. The rationale for this research is highlighted through a critical review of the relevant existing literature, which revealed this to be predominately empirically driven, or otherwise interpreted or thematicised. Seven medical doctors were interviewed utilizing a semi-structured interview questionnaire. A Descriptive Phenomenological Analysis was undertaken to conduct an in-depth analysis of the data. The data were sectioned into meaning units and further scrutinised, to identify any psychologically sensitive elements. These were then transformed into nine constituents, which were synthesised to construct the general psychological second victim phenomenon. The findings indicate that doctors experience profound psychological distress at the moment they realise a SI has occurred, from which they never fully recover, concealing and suppressing the emotions the SI has provoked to their own psychological detriment. They feel changed, subsequently altering their work practices, becoming hypervigilant and avoidant. Their self-identities are damaged along with their sense of expertise as doctors, with symptoms indicative of post-traumatic stress disorder manifesting. Nonetheless, they do not consider seeking psychological support, as it is not a part of the clinical culture they have been socialised into since medical school. These findings provide a unique insight into the lived experience of doctors who have been involved in SIs. The clinical implications are discussed in the context of the current literature, leading to recommendations for training and psychological support for clinicians as crucial interventions to help alleviate the psychological distress of second victims

Studies in predictor display technique Final report

Predictor display technique for manual altitude control, and automatic pitch axis performanc

Analysing long-term interactions between demand response and different electricity markets using a stochastic market equilibrium model. ESRI WP585, February 2018

Power systems based on renewable energy sources (RES) are characterised by increasingly distributed, volatile and uncertain supply leading to growing requirements for flexibility. In this paper, we explore the role of demand response (DR) as a source of flexibility that is considered to become increasingly important in future. The majority of research in this context has focussed on the operation of power systems in energy only markets, mostly using deterministic optimisation models. In contrast, we explore the impact of DR on generator investments and profits from different markets, on costs for different consumers from different markets, and on CO2 emissions under consideration of the uncertainties associated with the RES generation. We also analyse the effect of the presence of a feed-in premium (FIP) for RES generation on these impacts. We therefore develop a novel stochastic mixed complementarity model in this paper that considers both operational and investment decisions, that considers interactions between an energy market, a capacity market and a feed-in premium and that takes into account the stochasticity of electricity generation by RES. We use a Benders decomposition algorithm to reduce the computational expenses of the model and apply the model to a case study based on the future Irish power system. We find that DR particularly increases renewable generator profits. While DR may reduce consumer costs from the energy market, these savings may be (over)compensated by increasing costs from the capacity market and the feed-in premium. This result highlights the importance of considering such interactions between different markets