165 research outputs found
加速器ニュートリノ実験におけるミューオンビーム及びミューオンニュートリノ荷電カレント反応断面積の測定
京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第19219号理博第4111号新制||理||1592(附属図書館)32218京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻(主査)教授 中家 剛, 教授 谷森 達, 准教授 市川 温子学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA
Deciphering the Drivers of Smart Livestock Technology Adoption in Japan: A Scoping Review, Expert Interviews, and Grounded Theory Approach
With global demand for animal products projected to increase significantly by
2050, understanding the factors that influence the adoption of smart livestock
technologies has become increasingly crucial. Conducted within the unique
agricultural context of Japan, our study builds upon traditional theoretical
frameworks that often oversimplify farmers' decision-making processes. By
employing a scoping review, expert interviews, and a Modified Grounded Theory
Approach, our research uncovers the intricate interplay between individual
farmer values, farm management policies, social relations, agricultural
policies, and livestock industry trends. We particularly highlight the unique
dynamics within family-owned businesses, noting the tension between an
"advanced management mindset" and "conservatism." Our study underscores
technology adoption's sequential and iterative nature, intricately tied to
technology availability, farmers' digital literacy, technology implementation
support, and observable technology impacts on animal health and productivity.
Despite certain limitations, our findings carry profound implications for
stakeholders, providing valuable insights to overcome adoption barriers and
advocating for more sustainable, efficient, and animal welfare-oriented
livestock production systems. This research establishes a solid foundation for
future explorations into smart livestock technology adoption.Comment: 56 pages, 3 figure
Virtual quantum error detection
Quantum error correction and quantum error detection necessitate syndrome
measurements to detect errors. Performing syndrome measurements for each
stabilizer generator can be a significant overhead, considering the fact that
the readout fidelity in the current quantum hardware is generally lower than
gate fidelity. Here, by generalizing a quantum error mitigation method known as
symmetry expansion, we propose a protocol called virtual quantum error
detection (VQED). This method virtually allows for evaluating computation
results corresponding to post-selected quantum states obtained through quantum
error detection during circuit execution, without implementing syndrome
measurements. Unlike conventional quantum error detection, which requires the
implementation of Hadamard test circuits for each stabilizer generator, our
VQED protocol can be performed with a constant depth shallow quantum circuit
with an ancilla qubit, irrespective of the number of stabilizer generators.
Furthermore, for some simple error models, the computation results obtained
using VQED are robust against the noise that occurred during the operation of
VQED, and our method is fully compatible with other error mitigation schemes,
enabling further improvements in computation accuracy and facilitating
high-fidelity quantum computing.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
Molecular characterization and validation of commercially available methods for haptoglobin measurement in bottlenose dolphin
AbstractHaptoglobin (Hp) is a positive acute-phase protein and a valuable marker of inflammation in both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to validate the molecular characterization of Hp in dolphins and to validate commercially available Hp measurement methods such as Hp-ELISA (originally designed for pigs) and Hp–hemoglobin (Hb) binding assay. The dolphin Hp (dHp) amino acid sequence appeared most similar to pig Hp by sequence homology and phylogenetic clustering. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that dHp comprises the Hp1 form of α1 and β chains. The anti-pig Hp antibody cross-reacted with both recombinant dHp, expressed by Escherichia coli, and dHp from serum. The intra- and inter-assay levels of imprecision of pig Hp-ELISA and the Hp–Hb binding assay were found to be tolerable for the determination of Hp in dolphin, and there was no significant discrepancy between the two determination methods. The ability of the assay to differentiate between healthy and inflammation groups was investigated, and a significant increase in Hp concentration was detected in inflammatory conditions. Thus, Hp is a useful inflammation marker for dolphin, and the Hp concentration in dolphin serum samples can be reliably measured using commercially available pig Hp-ELISA and Hp–Hb binding assay
Interfacial phenomena between lithium ion conductors and cathodes
Nanocomposites of a lithium ion conductor Li1.3Al 0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 and electrode materials (TiO2 and FePO4) were prepared to investigate interfacial structure and ionic conductivity at the interface between the solid electrolyte and electrode materials. It was revealed that lithium ions in the solid electrolyte were attracted to the cathode materials with increasing electrode potential, which increases lithium vacancies in the solid electrolyte. For the FePO4 containing composites, due to the high electrode potential, lithium transfer across the interface and ionic conduction through the cathode materials was remarkable. The results suggest that severe lithium depletion occurs and interfacial resistance is large at the interface of high ionic conductors and cathode materials. The space charge layer thickness is also discussed
Impurity Effects on the Energy Gap in Fe-doped Bi2212
We performed scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) on Fe-doped Bi2212. The Fe substitution for Cu causes a strong spatial inhomogeneity in STS spectra. The energy gap (Δ1 ∼80mV) has a sub-gap (Δ2 ∼70mV) in some distinct locations on the sample surface. We find that the gap edge peaks are largely depressed and only the sub-gap survives across the region where the spatial modulation of the local density of states is stronger. This indicates, that Δ1 anti-correlates with Δ2.Conference : 20th International Conference on Magnetism, ICM 2015Location : Barcelona, SPAINDate : JUL 05-10, 201
Troglitazone Impedes the Oligomerization of Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide and Entry of Hepatitis B Virus Into Hepatocytes
Current anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agents, which include nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferons, can significantly suppress HBV infection. However, there are limitations in the therapeutic efficacy of these agents, indicating the need to develop anti-HBV agents with different modes of action. In this study, through a functional cell-based chemical screening, we found that a thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, inhibits HBV infection independently of the compound's ligand activity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Analog analysis suggested chemical moiety required for the anti-HBV activity and identified ciglitazone as an analog having higher anti-HBV potency. Whereas, most of the reported HBV entry inhibitors target viral attachment to the cell surface, troglitazone blocked a process subsequent to viral attachment, i.e., internalization of HBV preS1 and its receptor, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). We also found that NTCP was markedly oligomerized in the presence of HBV preS1, but such NTCP oligomerization was abrogated by treatment with troglitazone, but not with pioglitazone, correlating with inhibition activity to viral internalization. Also, competitive peptides that blocked NTCP oligomerization impeded viral internalization and infection. This work represents the first report identifying small molecules and peptides that specifically inhibit the internalization of HBV. This study is also significant in proposing a possible role for NTCP oligomerization in viral entry, which will shed a light on a new aspect of the cellular mechanisms regulating HBV infection
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