DESAIN DIDAKTIS KONSEP LUAS PERMUKAAN PRISMA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMP BERDASARKAN LEARNING OBSTACLE DAN LEARNING TRAJECTORY

Pada hakikatnya penelitian ini adalah menyusun desain didaktis konsep luas permukaan prisma berdasarkan learning obstacle dan learning trajectory. Subjek penelitian meliputi siswa kelas VIII, X, XI dan XII untuk uji identifikasi learning obstacle serta siswa kelas VIII untuk implementasi desain didaktis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui learning obstacle yang terkait dengan konsep luas permukaan prisma, mengetahui learning trajectory pada pembelajaran luas permukaan prisma, mengetahui desain didaktis tentang konsep luas permukaan prisma yang mampu mengurangi learning obstacle, mengetahui hasil implementasi desain didaktis khususnya ditinjau dari respon siswa yang muncul serta desain didaktis revisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi antara observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil identifikasi learning obstacle menunjukkan adanya learning obstacle yang diakibatkan hambatan epistemologis terkait pemahaman konsep alas prisma, perumusan luas permukaan prisma dan koneksi luas permukaan prisma dengan konsep matematika yang lain. Sebagai antisipasi agar learning obstacle tersebut tidak terulang kembali, maka disusun suatu desain didaktis awal yang didasarkan learning trajectory yang telah disusun. Analisis terhadap respon siswa selama implementasi desain didaktis awal dapat dijadikan landasan untuk perbaikan desain didaktis selanjutnya. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan desain didaktis ini merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam pembelajaran konsep luas permukaan prisma di SMP kelas VIII sehingga learning obstacle yang ditemukan dapat dikurangi

Digital Clubbing in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia/Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (Osler- Weber-Rendu Syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant vascular disorder characterized by the presence of multiple arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and recurrent bleeding episodes. The diagnosis is based on the Curacao criteria: (i) spontaneous recurrent epistaxis, (ii) mucocutaneous telangiectasia, (iii) AVMs of visceral organs, and (iv) first degree relatives with a similar condition (1). Due to a common genetic pathway and SMAD4 gene mutation, juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) may coexist with HHT (2). The disease burden is high in overlapping HHT/JPS, but digital clubbing may be the only physical finding. Continuous meticulous management may improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of complication

PENGARUH ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (STUDI DI : PT. TASPEN (PERSERO) KANTOR CABANG CIREBON)

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) memiliki peran dalam perspektif keefektifan penilaian kinerja karyawan,terutama dalam pengembangan perusahaan, bahwa semakin detail sebuah penilaian kinerja karyawan dalam suatu perusahaan maka semakin terkaitlah persoalan organizational citizen behavior (OCB) sebagai salahsatu alternatif penilaian kinerja karyawan pada perusahaan dengan system penilaian bersifat tidak formil untuk melibatkan karyawan merasa terlibat dalam keputusan perusahaan dengan memberikan kewajiban secara personal, karena standar Semakin professional sumber daya manusia yang pegang kendali atau karyawan yang mengawakinya , visi,misi serta tujuan perusahaan akan dapat tercapai secara efektif , efisien ,dan produktif,oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya upaya upaya terstruktur dan berkelanjutan dari suatu organisasi perusahaan,Mengantisipasi hilangnya orientasi pada kehidupan yang lebih bermakna, Sumber daya Manusia menggunakan nilai-nilai luhur sebagai penuntun kehidupan professional dan kinerja individual. beberapa fakta empiris menunjukkan bahwa organisasi yang mempunyai karyawan yang memiliki organizational citizen behavior OCB yang baik, akan memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dari organisasi lain.Kata Kunci: organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), kinerja,Pengaruh organizational citizenship behavior (OCB

Propionate metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: characterization of the vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonyl pathway

Propionyl-CoA is a three-carbon (C3) short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) derivative of branchedchain amino acids, branched- and odd-chain fatty acids and cholesterol. Degradation of propionyl-CoA-generating carbon sources during infection (Pandey and Sassetti, 2008) requires the concomitant ability to oxidise this metabolite as a carbon and energy source, so as to avoid its cytotoxic effects if accumulated. The methylcitrate cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has been characterized and is essential for propionate oxidation in vitro, although dispensable for growth and persistence in mice (Muñoz-Elias et al., 2006). This study reveals that MTB possesses an alternative pathway for propionate metabolism, the vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonyl pathway. Specifically, we demonstrate the ability of MTB to utilise propionyl-CoA-generating carbon sources in the absence of the methylcitrate cycle, provided that vitamin B12 is supplied exogenously. This ability is shown to be dependent on methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM; MutAB), which requires the adenosylcobalamin derivative of vitamin B12 for activity. The inability of MTB to synthesise vitamin B12 (Warner et al., 2007) is consistent with the essentiality of the methylcitrate cycle for growth on propionate (Muñoz-Elias et al., 2006). The demonstrated functionality of the methylmalonyl pathway offers an explanation for the dispensability of the methylcitrate cycle for survival of the mycobacterium in vivo where access to vitamin B12 may be unrestricted. Gene expression analysis was used to interpret flux through the two pathways on propionate (C3) and valerate (C5) odd-chain fatty acids. In the presence of a functional methylmalonyl pathway, expression of methylcitrate dehydratase (MCD) and methylcitrate lyase (MCL) was reduced. Consistent with reduced levels of bifunctional isocitrate lyase (ICL)1/ MCL in MTB (Gould et al., 2006; Muñoz-Elias et al., 2006), growth on propionate and valerate was shown to by-pass the requirement for carbon anaplerosis by the glyoxylate cycle when propionyl- CoA was converted to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediate, succinyl-CoA, through the methylmalonyl pathway. The potential of an autonomous methylmalonyl pathway in MTB is demonstrated which underscores the importance of vitamin B12 in MTB physiology. Alternately, MTB deficient for the methylcitrate cycle was able to grow on heptadecanoate (C17) without vitamin B12 supplementation. In the absence of either propionate oxidizing pathway, derivative propionyl-CoA may be used as a key precursor for the biosynthesis of several cell wall virulence lipids (Jain et al., 2007)

Pengaruh Beban Kerja, Stres Kerja dan Kelelahan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Puskesmas di Kabupaten Majalengka

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh beban kerja, stres kerja dan kelelahan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada salah satu Puskesmas di Kabupaten Majalengka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai Puskesmas di Kabupaten Majalengka sebanyak 64 pegawai dengan jumlah sampel 64 pegawai. Teknik penarikan sampel yaitu nonprobability sampling dengan menggunakan Teknik sampling total sehingga dalam penelitian ini sampel di ambil dari keseluruhan populasi di Puskesmas Kabupaten Majalengka. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan hasil analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan secara parsial pengaruh positif dan signifikan variabel beban kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dapat dilihat dari thitung > ttabel yaitu 3,196 > 1,669, stres kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja dapat dilihat dari thitung > ttabel yaitu -3,216 > -1,669, kelelahan kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja dapat dilihat dari thitung > ttabel yaitu -2,104 > -1,669 dan secara simultan variabel beban kerja, stres kerja dan kelelahan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja yang ditunjukan Fhitung > Ftabel sebesar 11,916 > 2,76

HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS Analysis of Non-volatile Constituents of Three Brazilian Chemotypes of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown:

Aqueous preparations and ethanolic extracts of three Brazilian chemotypes of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) were investigated for the chemical variability of their non volatile constituents by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS analysis. The main class of compounds in all the extracts investigated was phenylpropanoids, mainly verbascoside, followed by the flavonoids tricin-7- O-diglucuronide (present in Lippia alba chemotypes 2 and 3), luteolin-7- O-glucuronide (present in L. alba chemotype 1) and mono-and di- O-glucuronic derivatives of apigenin and tricin. Four iridoids, geniposidic acid, theveside, 8- epi-loganin and mussaenoside were also identified

Characterization of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> innate-immune pathways that limit Chikungunya virus replication

Replication of arboviruses in their arthropod vectors is controlled by innate immune responses. The RNA sequence-specific break down mechanism, RNA interference (RNAi), has been shown to be an important innate antiviral response in mosquitoes. In addition, immune signaling pathways have been reported to mediate arbovirus infections in mosquitoes; namely the JAK/STAT, immune deficiency (IMD) and Toll pathways. Very little is known about these pathways in response to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection, a mosquito-borne alphavirus (Togaviridae) transmitted by aedine species to humans resulting in a febrile and arthralgic disease. In this study, the contribution of several innate immune responses to control CHIKV replication was investigated. In vitro experiments identified the RNAi pathway as a key antiviral pathway. CHIKV was shown to repress the activity of the Toll signaling pathway in vitro but neither JAK/STAT, IMD nor Toll pathways were found to mediate antiviral activities. In vivo data further confirmed our in vitro identification of the vital role of RNAi in antiviral defence. Taken together these results indicate a complex interaction between CHIKV replication and mosquito innate immune responses and demonstrate similarities as well as differences in the control of alphaviruses and other arboviruses by mosquito immune pathways

Social Cost-Benefit Analysis (SCBA) of Islamic Insurance (takaful) Drone-Assisted Disaster Victim Identification: Emotional Management

Islamic insurance (takaful) companies have continuously used the latest technology to serve their customers better. One of the potential technologies that takaful operators can consider is drones. Nonetheless, the adoption of drones has shown an imbalanced pattern between regions, with some countries displaying more commendable experiences than others. In the context of Malaysia, such adoption can be regarded as negligible, if not minimal. While drones have numerous positive effects, this study focuses on emotional management through the lens of social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) based on disaster victim identification (DVI). DVI is the process of identifying corpses (often in large numbers) following a disaster, either natural or man-made disaster. This study provides preliminary findings that support the need for drones to be integrated into takaful operations, based on the SCBA method focusing on emotional management. The findings indicate that emotional management affects not only the family of the victim but also the first responders involved in the search and rescue (SAR) operation and their families. Hence, proper consideration must be given to using drones in takaful operations with the government disaster agency

D3.4: Report on educational strategy, year 2

A new way of doing education will be important to cultivate the competences needed to deal with the challenge of sustainability in agrifood and forestry systems. Overall, the new educational approach is characterised by 1) a shift from theory to phenomenon and action as the starting point for the learning process (‘experiential learning’, ‘action learning’) and 2) a shift from knowledge to competence as the focus of the educational activities. The Nextfood project aims at contributing to these shifts by facilitating according to a master manual worked out by the project (deliverable D2.2) a transition to action learning in twelve educational cases in Africa, India and Europe. Simultaneously, research is done according to an action research protocol (deliverable D2.1) on the case transition process and on effects of action learning on students and involved stakeholders. The present report on the implementation of this educational strategy in the twelve cases focus on: (1) the case development process (main challenges and supporting forces associated with implementation of the Nextfood approach) (2) the students’ experiences and learning outcomes (their development of key competences and transition to an experiential learning mode) (3) benefits of involving non-university stakeholders (their learning outcomes and contributions) The cases have collected data on the development and implementation of the intended educational activities. In a separate section of the case development reports (deliverable D2.6), the cases have been asked to report on how these data were collected, the analysis process, what the data indicate and whether there were any significant factors influencing the validity and reliability of the findings. These data form the basis for the findings reported in this document. Data on the process of implementing action learning showed that a major challenge is to build an understanding of the need for interdisciplinary, systems-oriented, selfdirected, group and peer action learning having as primary focus the training of key competences needed for sustainable development. To a varying degree this has been experienced in several cases with academic institutions, teachers, students and offcampus stakeholders involved in the education. This indicates a need for a shift in culture and mindset at several levels to remove the formal and practical obstacles identified and to create a favourable environment and motivation for a different kind of learning and assessment strategy. Although the reported challenges outnumbered the supporting forces, the latter included interest and support for systems-oriented action learning among institutions at various levels of governments and educational institutions and among individual stakeholders and commercial actors. Several scientific reports also strongly support the implementation of this approach. Data from the students’ self-assessment and information extracted from their reflection documents suggested a variable effect of action learning on the students’ selfdevelopment of key competences. Possible causal relationships have not been explored so far, but it seems likely that the extent to which the action-learning approach has been implemented in a case, plays an important role. So do probably also factors such as pre-knowledge about and motivation for action learning among teachers, students and other stakeholders involved. When it comes to students’ transition in mindset and mode of learning, there was indication that reflection was valued as a competence on which development of all the others depend, and several students praised the effect improved reflection competence had on their lives outside university. In several cases, students that came into the course with expectations to gain certain pieces of knowledge or technical skills, gradually focused less on those aspects and more on developing the core competences. Further, several cases reported increasing enthusiasm about action learning among students, but also examples of students that had the same questions after the course as they had before. The causal factors for this variability are probably similar to those mentioned above regarding competence development but were not investigated. Information about involving non-university stakeholders strongly suggests that they consider their interaction with students as useful learning opportunities enabling them to see their situation in different perspectives, that students were perceived as partners with important knowledge, and that the process of experience sharing worked in both directions. Similarly, their contributions are highly valued by course facilitators and students