PCS-7 Lead Detection in Blood and Liver of Cattle sold in the Traditional Market of Denpasar City

Lead contamination in many foods is reported to endanger consumers' health. Beef as one of the food of animal origin can be contaminated by lead mainly due to the maintenance of cattle in contaminated areas. Balinese cattle that are kept in urban landfills are reported to be contaminated with high levels of lead in the blood and in other tissues with lower levels [4]. The threat of human health from eating foods that contain leads can cause anemia because leads can substitute iron in hemoglobin [2]. Lead poisoning can also cause malfunction of various organs such as liver, kidney [1], lungs, spleen [7] and brain [9] in the form of cognitive impairment [5]. The high threat due to contamination of leads to health, then the meat health check should also be made on the presence of leads. One of the inspection efforts on the presence of lead contamination in beef, then the place of sale in the traditional market is a good location for sampling examination

Biplot Simulation of Length and Circumference of Different Body Regions of Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Background: Biplot simulation using factor analysis with Promax kappa rotation of 90 is used to determine the coordinates of the length and body circumference dimensions of male and female mud buffalo in two-dimensional space. So that it can be known which body dimensions have fast, medium, and slow growth rates, and also to find out at what age male and female buffalo the growth rate is fast or slow. Methods: This study used 3 male and female buffaloes aged 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 months, so that the number of buffalo used was 36. The data obtained were analyzed using Factor Analysis with Promax Kappa 90 rotation. The object coordinates were the coordinates of male and female swamp buffalo aged 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 months, determined based on the Analysis Factor Scores Regression. The location of the coordinates of the length and circumference dimensions and the location of the object coordinates of male and female buffaloes aged 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 months are drawn using a biplot graph. Conclusion: The biplot simulation results show that the body dimensions in quadrant II have the fastest growth rate, namely the length of the horns and the length of the neck, which are body dimensions that are slow to reach adult size. The dimensions of the body in quadrant I are body length, head length, upper and lower neck circumference. While the slow growth rate in quadrant IV indicates that the dimensions of the body are already growing or the growth is not optimal; namely, the length of the ears and the length of the tail have reached adult size. At the same time, the abdominal circumference and chest circumference are due to their growth not being optimal. Based on age and sex, the dimensions of male buffalo's length and body circumference are always greater than that of female buffalo from the age of 10-20 months. The positional distance between male and female buffalo age shows that the older the age, the shorter the distance; this result indicates that the growth rate slows down with increasing age

PROFIL LIPOPROTEIN DAN KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL SERUM AYAM YANG DIBERI SUPLEMENTASI KHITOSAN (THE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN SUPPLEMENTATION TO THE LIPOPROTEIN PROFILE AND TOTAL SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVEL OF CHICKEN)

This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of chitosan supplementation in the chicken food with high cholesterol diet on total cholesterol level and serum lipoprotein profile of chicken. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of chitosan supplementation on lipid level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration on serum chicken. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized design with 4 treatment groups. Group K (as a controlled without cholesterol er and chitosan), group A (treated with cholesterol 1% without chitosan), group B (treated with cholesterol 1% and chitosan 15%) and group C (treatment with cholesterol 1% and chitosan 30%). The results showed that treatment with egg yolk powder (group A) could cause hyperlipydemia on chickens and cholesterol total was significantly different (p&lt;0,05) compared to group K (control). Treatment with 30% chitosan were reducing lipid concentration, cholesterol total, triglyceride, VLDL and LDL serum of chicken, respectively (p&lt;0,05) compared to group A (egg yolk powder without chitosan), total HDL concentration was not significantly different (P&gt;0,05). It was concluded that the suplementation of 30% chitosan in the chicken food could reduce total serum cholesterol level in hyperlipydemia chicken.</em

STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI DUODENUM, JEJENUM, DAN ILEUM SAPI BALI

A study to find out the histological structures of small intestine (ie. duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) of bali cattle have been carried out. A total of 20 small intestines were collected from the abattoir at Pesanggaran, Denpasar Bali. Histological examinations were performed on Haematoxyline Eosin stained small intestines slides. The duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the small intestines have four mucosa membranes: i) mucosa membrane, ii) sub mucosa membrane, iii) muscular membrane and, iv) serous membrane. The average thickness of mucosa membrane of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was 36,3±13,5 mm; 29,9±3,1 mm; and 38,8±11,9 mm, respectively. Each part has villi with an average length of 27,5±8,3 mm; 20,1±3,7 mm; and 18,5±4,3 mm, respectively. This mucosa membranes consist of single columnar epithelium, muscularis mucosa, and lamina propria. The average thickness of sub mucosa membrane was 47,3±15,3 mm; 10,4±2,6 mm; and 16,9±5,6 mm, respectively. Sub mucosa membrane consisted of connective tissue. The average thickness of muscular membrane was 46,9±8,8 mm; 28,1±5,1 mm; and 62,4±11,3 mm, respectively, which consisted of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. The average thickness of serous membrane was 19,9±3,1 mm; 11,9 ±3,0 mm; and 12,1±3,6 mm, respectively, which consisted of mainly connective tissue. Goblet cells were seen through all the epithel of small intestines with the highest number seen in the ileum. Specific structure of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum which is Brunner’s glands in the sub mucosa membranes of duodenum, circular plicae in the jejunum and mesenteric gland in the ileum were also observed.</div

Berat Organ Usus Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Pasca Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) pada Pakan

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung daun kelor dalam pakan terhadap berat organ usus tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Tepung daun kelor diberikan secara oral pada 20 ekor tikus yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu 1 kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 0%; 2,5%; 5,0%; 10%  dan 20% masing-masing dengan 5 kali ulangan selama satu bulan. Tikus putih dibedah dan ditimbang organ ususnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA (analysis of varian),dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak ada perbedaan berat organ yang signifikan. Kesimpulan:  Penambahan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada pakan tidak menyebabkan perubahan terhadap berat organ usus tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus)

Cemaran Timah Hitam dalam Darah Sapi Bali yang Dipelihara di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Kota Denpasar (BLOOD LEAD CONTAMINATION IN BALI CATTLE REARED IN THE AREA OF FINAL DISPOSAL OF DENPASAR)

Bali cattle are known for having high adaptability to any environmental condition and have proven tosurvive in critical environments including landfills. The aim of this study was to determine the relationshipbetween Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase /Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGPT/SGOT) levels and lead (Pb) level in blood of bali cattle reared in the landfill Denpasar. A total of 22Balicattle were used in this study was. The blood was drawn from the jugular vein and 10 ml blood werecollected using tubes containing EDTA 0.5% and 10 mL without EDTA tubes. Levels of SGPT and SGOTwere measured by using Auto analyzer (Refloton (R) plus) method, while the measurement of Pb in bloodplasma was conducted by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Result of the SGPTand SGOT measurement obtained were relatively varied with an average of SGPT = 29.96±5.67 U/L andSGOT = 78.82±17.62.U/L. Similarly, Pb measurement results vary widely between 4.004 to 10.216 withan average of 6.595±1.85 ppm. Correlation analysis showed that there was an association between SGOTwith Pb levels. However, no correlation was observed between the SGPT with Pblevels. These resultsindicate that the levels of lead may cause pathological tissue cells in organs other than liver. Its concludedthat heavy metalPb is found in the blood of bali cattle reared in Denpasar city landfill, and it may becorrelated with the level of the SGOT and may cause pathological tissue cells organs

STUDI HISTOLOGI USUS BESAR SAPI BALI

A Study to detect the microscopic structure of large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum) ofbali cattle has been carried out. The samples were collected from 20 of bali cattle in Pesanggaran abattoir, Denpasar. The tissue samples were fixed, dehydrated and embeddedin paraffin and 4-5 mm sections. Harris-Haematoxilin-Eosin staining method, using toidentified of histological structure. Microscopic analysis was performed using binocularlight microscope (100 x, 450x). The study showed that the wall of the caecum, colon, andrectum are made up of four layers : mucosae, submucosae, muscularis externa, and serosa.The lined by mucosae ephitelium of simple columnar cells. The thick of mucosaare 29,9 ± 5,0 mm (caecum) 37,5 ± 8,4 mm (colon) and 58,9 ± 9,5 mm (rectum)respectively. The submucosae contain connective tissue and thick of these layerare 54,8 ± 8,8 mm; 21,2 ± 7,1 mm; and 16,5 ± 4,5 mm respectively. The muscularis externaconsists of two layers of smooth muscle inner circular and outer longitudinal. The thick ofthe mucularis externa are 98,5 ± 15,4 mm; 166,9 ± 44,4 mm; and 479 ± 28,6 mmrespectively. The serosa forms the outermost layer with thick 29,5 ± 8,5 mm;20,9 ± 7,6mm; and 12,1 ± 3,6 mm respectively. We observed for the presence richof Goblet cells and few limphatic nodules (Peyer’s patches) but no showed villi