Eenoolooapik (ca. 1820-1847)

... Eenoolooapik was born around 1820 at Qimisuk, on the west coast of Cumberland Sound. While still young, he travelled with his family on an unusual voyage by umiak, skirting the coastline of Cumberland Sound until they reached Cape Enderby on Davis Strait. The boy closely observed the outline of the coast as they rowed slowly past. At Cape Enderby, they met a group of whalers and decided to continue their voyage to Cape Searle, a location frequented by the whalers, where they settled. Contact with these strangers fired Eenoolooapik's curiosity about their land, and a desire grew in him to visit their homeland. ... At about this same time, unpredictable catches in Davis Strait and worsening ice conditions had the fishery concerned. At least one widely publicized article appeared in Britain suggesting that only diversification into trade and the establishment of permanent whaling stations could save the fishery. In 1833, William Penny, mate on the Traveller, was sent to investigate Inuit reports of a large bay full of whales to the south of Exeter Bay. Penny's trip failed, but he tried again in 1839 when he discovered that Eenoolooapik was a native of Tenudiackbeek and could map its entire coastline. Here, the desires of both Penny and Eenoolooapik merged. Penny wanted to take the Inuk to Britain because he felt Eenoolooapik's information could convince the Navy to sponsor an expedition to Tenudiackbeek, and perhaps keep the fishery alive. ... Despite an excellent map Eenoolooapik prepared of Tenudiackbeek, the Navy was unwilling to back an expedition. Without government support, Penny was forced to catch whales first, and only then, if time permitted, to explore. As well, Penny's plans to educate Eenoolooapik in boat building and other skills came to naught because of the Inuk's poor health. Although Eenoolooapik had made many friends in Aberdeen, he eventually grew homesick, sailing for the Arctic on April 1, 1840. ... Back home, he resumed a normal life and does not appear to have tried to impress people unduly with his tales or possessions. He married Amitak shortly after leaving Penny, and by 1844, when Penny once again returned to Cumberland Sound, Eenoolooapik had a son called Angalook. Three years later, in the summer of 1847, Eenoolooapik died of consumption, and after his death his name - according to custom - was given to a newborn nephew. ... Every year after Eenoolooapik's return, whalers visited Cumberland Sound. In 1851-1852 Sidney Buddington led the first intentional wintering by a whaling crew, and two years later Penny conducted the first wintering with a ship

Ookpik: The Ogling Owl at 50

Fifty years ago the Canadian Government selected Ookpik to represent the country at the 1964 trade fair in Philadelphia. An overnight sensation, the Canadian Government moved quickly to trademark Ookpik for the Fort Chimo Eskimo Co-operative. The Ookpik Advisory Committee oversaw the trademark making decisions regarding books, comics, songs, clothing balloons, and mass-produced dolls. By 1968 the market was saturated and despite the introduction of Sikusi, Ookpik\u27s friend and Mrs Ookpik, revenues fell dramatically. While unsustainable in the long-run, the intentional commodification and heavy marketing of Ookpik, represents an early attempt to create an income stream for and with Inuit.   Susan Rowley is the Curator of Public Archaeology at the University of British Columbia\u27s Museum of Anthropology and Associate Professor of Anthropology at UBC. She is also a member of the IPinCH research team

Monumental wall reliefs

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The Journey Home- Guiding Intangible Knowledge Production in the Analysis of Ancestral Remains (Final Report)

This study, co-developed by David Schaepe, Director, Stó:lo Research and Resource Management Centreand Susan Rowley, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, stems from the Journey Home Project, a repatriation of ancestral remains from the UBC Lab of Archaeology (LOA) to the Stó:lo Nation of southwestern B.C.    For the Stó:lo, knowing as much as possible about these ancestors informs their process. How can scientific research address Stó:lo questions and aid this repatriation? Opportunity recently arose for scientific study, stimulating a Stó:lo-LOA dialogue touching on multiple issues of scientific process, knowledge production and intellectual property. What types of anthropological research and scientific analyses can be applied to answer community-based questions? What are the details and cultural implications of analyses — both destructive and non-destructive? Who decides which questions to ask and which means of research to implement? Who interprets the results? Who owns those data? How do ‘scientific’ and ‘cultural’ ways of knowing relate? Who is allowed to share in and benefit from this knowledge? These questions are central to the Stó:lo ’s relationship with both their ancestors and LOA.   This study aims to provide guidelines for generating knowledge within a mutually acceptable framework of authority, control, and use. These critical issues are at the forefront of our conversations as we work together to complete The Journey Home

The environment as a tool for health towards a definition of the individual boundary process = L'environnement comme outil de santé vers une définition du processus de gestion des frontières personnelles

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Soil Nutrients and Vegetation Characteristics of a Dorset/Thule Site in the Canadian Arctic

We conducted a systematic study of soils and vegetation present at Arnaqquaksaat on Igloolik Island, Nunavut, a site occupied by Dorset and Thule people prior to 1823 and probably for over a thousand years. We compared this site to an area affected by ongoing mammal and bird activity and an area of relatively unfertilized polar semidesert. At these locations, we estimated percent cover of vegetation, identified vascular plant species, measured soil depth, and collected soil samples. The soil samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, sodium bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus, available potassium, available magnesium, and pH.Percent plant cover, abundance of plant species indicative of enrichment, and soil depth were greatest within the area of anthropogenic influence and decreased downslope to the sea. Total nitrogen level in the upslope area of anthropogenic influence (2.61% ±0.88) was similar to that in areas of bird and mammal activity (2.54% ±0.78); it was higher than the levels in the downslope area of human fertilization (0.65% ±0.82) and the unaltered polar semidesert area (0.28% ±0.38). Phosphorus levels in the influenced areas were 5 to 6 times those in the uninfluenced polar semidesert. The magnesium level was highest in the area of bird and mammal activity (766.8 mg/L ±53.35), whereas potassium levels were similar throughout the study area. The lowest pH was found in the upslope area of past human occupation, and pH differences among sites paralleled those observed for nitrogen.On a effectué une étude systématique des sols et de la végétation présents à Arnaqquaksaat dans l'île Igloolik au Nunavut, un site occupé par les peuples de Dorset et de Thulé avant 1823 et probablement durant plus de mille ans. On a comparé ce site à une zone affectée par l'activité continue de mammifères et d'oiseaux et à une zone de semi-désert polaire relativement non fertilisé. À ces endroits, on a évalué le pourcentage de couvert végétal, identifié les espèces de plantes vasculaires, mesuré la profondeur du sol et prélevé des échantillons de sol. On a analysé ces derniers pour en évaluer la teneur en azote total, phosphore extractible par le bicarbonate de soude, potassium disponible, magnésium disponible et le pH. On a trouvé que le pourcentage de couvert végétal, l'abondance d'espèces végétales révélatrice d'un enrichissement et la profondeur du sol étaient les plus importants à l'intérieur de la zone qui avait subi une influence anthropique et qu'ils décroissaient en descendant vers la mer. Le niveau d'azote total dans la zone supérieure de la pente, qui avait subi une influence anthropique (2,61 p. cent ± 0,88), était semblable à celui des zones où s'exerçait l'activité des oiseaux et des mammifères (2,54 p. cent ± 0,78); il était supérieur aux niveaux trouvés dans la partie inférieure qui avait connu une fertilisation humaine (0,65 p. cent ± 0,82) et dans la zone polaire semi-désertique non altérée (0,28 ± 0,38). Les niveaux de phosphore dans les zones ayant subi une influence étaient de 5 à 6 fois ceux des zones semi-désertiques polaires n'ayant pas subi d'influence. Le niveau de magnésium était le plus haut dans la zone où s'exerçait l'activité des oiseaux et des mammifères (766,8 mg/L ± 53,35), alors que les niveaux de potassium étaient semblables dans toute la zone d'étude. Le pH le plus bas se trouvait dans la zone supérieure de l'endroit ayant jadis été occupé par l'être humain, et les différences dans le pH parmi les sites s'alignaient sur celles observées pour l'azote

Sleep duration, sleep variability, and impairments of visual attention

Attentional networks are sensitive to sleep deprivation. However, variation in attentional performance as a function of normal sleep parameters is under-studied. We examined whether attentional performance is influenced by 1) individual differences in sleep duration; 2) sleep duration variability; and/or 3) their interaction. Fifty-seven healthy participants (61.4% female; mean age=32.37 years; SD=8.68) completed questionnaires, wore wrist actigraphy for one week, and subsequently completed the Attention Network Test. Sleep duration and sleep duration variability did not predict orienting score, executive control score or error rates. Sleep duration variability appeared to moderate the association between sleep duration with overall reaction time (β = -.34, t= -2.13, p=.04) and alerting scores (β= .43, t=2.94, p=.01), though further inspection of the data suggested that these were spurious findings. Time of testing was a significant predictor of alerting score (β=.35, t=2.96, p=.01), chronotype of orienting (β=.31, t=2.28, p=.03) and age of overall reaction time (β=.35, t=2.70, p=.01). Our results highlight the importance of examining the associations between variations in sleep-wake patterns and attentional networks in samples with greater variation in sleep, as well as the importance of rigorously teasing apart mechanisms of the sleep homeostat from those related to the circadian rhythm in studies examining cognition

RNA-Containing Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies in Ciliated Bronchial Epithelium Months to Years after Acute Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed nations. The KD etiologic agent is unknown but likely to be a ubiquitous microbe that usually causes asymptomatic childhood infection, resulting in KD only in genetically susceptible individuals. KD synthetic antibodies made from prevalent IgA gene sequences in KD arterial tissue detect intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (ICI) resembling viral ICI in acute KD but not control infant ciliated bronchial epithelium. The prevalence of ICI in late-stage KD fatalities and in older individuals with non-KD illness should be low, unless persistent infection is common.Lung tissue from late-stage KD fatalities and non-infant controls was examined by light microscopy for the presence of ICI. Nucleic acid stains and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on tissues that were strongly positive for ICI. ICI were present in ciliated bronchial epithelium in 6/7 (86%) late-stage KD fatalities and 7/27 (26%) controls ages 9-84 years (p = 0.01). Nucleic acid stains revealed RNA but not DNA within the ICI. ICI were also identified in lung macrophages in some KD cases. TEM of bronchial epithelium and macrophages from KD cases revealed finely granular homogeneous ICI.These findings are consistent with a previously unidentified, ubiquitous RNA virus that forms ICI and can result in persistent infection in bronchial epithelium and macrophages as the etiologic agent of KD

ʔeləw̓k̓ʷ – Belongings: tangible interactions with intangible heritage

ʔeləw̓k̓ʷ – Belongings is an interactive tabletop using a tangible user interface to explore intangible cultural heritage. The table was designed for the c̓əsnaʔəm, the city before the city exhibition. This exhibition is a partnership of three major institutions in Vancouver, BC, examining the significant ancient village site on which part of Vancouver was built, as well as Musqueam culture and community today. The tabletop uses replicas of Musqueam belongings excavated from c̓əsnaʔəm, as well as contemporary objects that are a part of everyday Musqueam life to access information about the long history of salmon fishing and the continuity of related knowledge at c̓əsnaʔəm. The design of ʔeləw̓k̓ʷ – Belongings highlights the tensions between fragmentation and continuity that are central to discussions of access and preservation of intangible cultural heritage in the digital age. In this paper we discuss the tangible tabletop interface as a response to the desire to reconnect fragmented collections and physical belongings from c̓əsnaʔəm with Musqueam intangible cultural knowledge

Investigating the celebrity effect: the influence of well-liked celebrities on adults' implicit and explicit responses to brands

©American Psychological Association, 2018. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000199Celebrities are used within advertisements in an attempt to impact positively on consumers’ attitudes toward brands, purchase intentions, and ad believability. However, the findings from previous research on the effects of celebrity liking on brand evaluations have been mixed. In the study presented here, explicit and implicit responses to brands were more positive after pairing with well-liked celebrities (p < .01) and more positive than for brands paired with noncelebrities (p < .001). Participants also demonstrated a preference for celebrity-paired brands in their brand choices (p < .001). Participants’ general accuracy-based advertising skepticism was negatively correlated with explicit celebrity brand preferences (p < .05), whereas affect-based skepticism was negatively correlated with implicit (p < .05) preferences. These results are discussed in relation to the contextual and attitudinal factors that might trigger resistance to the effects of celebrity endorsement as well as the underlying psychological processes involved in responding to ads