Development and Evaluation of an Adaptive Hypermedia System Based on Multiple Student Characteristics

Adaptive Educational Hypermedia systems (AEH) are amongst the most recent types of application to provide individualised instruction to students who undertake online courses. Such systems attempt to adapt to how individuals learn by personalizing instruction for each individual student depending upon one or more “characteristics” of the student. Prior knowledge and learning style have been identified as being prominent characteristics in this process but AEH systems implemented to date have generally been limited to only employing one of these characteristics. Such systems have also been limited in that they are specific to a particular course content and cannot be easily adapted to present different learning materials. This thesis describes the development and evaluation of a new AEH system that provides a generic template for different learning materials as well as a student model that incorporates five distinct student characteristics as an aid to learning: primary characteristics are prior knowledge, learning style and the presence or absence of animated multimedia aids (multimedia mode); secondary characteristics include page background preference and link colour preference. The use of multimedia artefacts as a student characteristic (and hence as an independent variable in this study) has not previously been implemented or evaluated. A separate non-AEH system, identical to the AEH system except for the absence of adaptation to individuals, was developed in parallel as a control. The system development consists of a requirements analysis, design and implementation. The design models including use case diagrams, conceptual design, sequence diagrams, navigation design and presentation design are expressed using Unified Modelling Language (UML). The AEH system which was developed in a generic template implemented using Java Servlets, XHTML, XML, JavaScript and HTML. The generic template is a domain-independent AEH system that has functions of both adaptivity and adaptability. The system was evaluated in an experimental research involving 67 undergraduate engineering students in the Department of Electronics at Yogyakarta State University. The learning material of Analogue Electronics was implemented into both the AEH system and non-AEH systems under seven chapter headings. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. During the 9 weeks of experimentation, the students studied the learning material in two randomly allocated groups, an experimental group using the AEH system and a control group using the non-AEH system. A pre-test was administered to measure initial student knowledge. The student achievement was measured at the end of each chapter of material using a chapter test and at the end of the experimentation as a whole using a post-test. Basic statistical analysis of t-test and Mann-Whitney U were conducted to investigate any difference of student achievement between the two groups. A further detailed analysis using multilevel modelling was conducted to investigate any possible effects of the adaptive parameters on the student achievement. A total of 7 hypotheses were tested during data analysis. Research findings are described as follows. Students who learned using the AEH system performed better significantly than those who learned using the NON-AEH system. The implementation of test repetition as a function of knowledge adaptation in the AEH system increased student achievement significantly. This was found to be the prominent effect. When the effect of test repetition was removed, the implementation of learning style and multimedia mode adaptation in the AEH system was still found to have significant effect upon student performance. Students whose learning style and multimedia preferences were matched with the system (AEH or non-AEH) achieved better results. In terms of the relative merit of each contributing factor toward a student’s achievement, the order of the effects was found to be (1) knowledge, (2) multimedia, and (3) learning style. Whilst repeated knowledge testing is an established cause of improved performance, the positive effects on student performance of using multimedia artefacts over choice of learning style is a new finding

Adaptive Educational Hypermedia based on Multiple Student Characteristics

The learning process in Adaptive Educational Hypermedia (AEH) environments is complex and may be influenced by aspects of the student, including prior knowledge, learning styles, experience and preferences. Current AEH environments, however, are limited to processing only a small number of student characteristics. This paper discusses the development of an AEH system which includes a student model that can simultaneously take into account multiple student characteristics. The student model will be developed to use stereotypes, overlays and perturbation techniques. Keywords: adaptive educational hypermedia, multiple characteristics, student model

The design and implementation of an adaptive e-learning system

This paper describes the design and implementation of an adaptive e-learning system that provides a template for different learning materials as well as a student model that incorporates five distinct student characteristics as an aid to learning: primary characteristics are prior knowledge, learning style and the presence or absence of animated multimedia aids (multimedia mode); secondary characteristics include page background preference and link colour preference. The use of multimedia artefacts as a student characteristic has not previously been implemented or evaluated. The system development consists of a requirements analysis, design and implementation. The design models including use case diagrams, conceptual design, sequence diagrams, navigation design and presentation design are expressed using Unified Modelling Language (UML). The adaptive e-learning system was developed in a template implemented using Java Servlets, XHTML, XML, JavaScript and HTML. The template is a domain-independent adaptive e-learning system that has functions of both adaptivity and adaptability

Empirical evaluation of an adaptive e-learning system and the effects of knowledge, learning styles and multimedia mode on student achievement

This paper presents an empirical evaluation of an adaptive e-learning system (AES). The system was evaluated in an experimental research. During the 9 weeks of experimentation, the students studied the learning material in two randomly allocated groups, an experimental group using the AES and a control group using the non-AES. Research findings are described as follows. Students who learned using the AES performed better significantly than those who learned using the non-AES. The implementation of test repetition as a function of knowledge adaptation in the AES increased student achievement significantly. When the effect of test repetition was removed, the implementation of learning style and multimedia mode adaptation in the AES was still found to have significant effect upon student performance. Students whose learning style and multimedia preferences were matched with the system achieved better results

Pemanfaatan Internet untuk Memperbaharui Model Pengajaran di Perguruan Tinggi

The widespread acceptance of the internet and more specifically the World Wide Web (WWW) has raised the awareness of educators to the potential for on-line education and virtual university. The web as a new phenomenon in the information landscape of the university is used to support course instruction. An innovative model of web-based university instruction is presented that more fully expresses and uses the power of the web in opening up the interaction between student and knowledge

Pengembangan Sistem E-commerce Dengan Teknologi Komponen Dan Framework Berorientasi Obyek

The purpose of this research was to design and to implement an ecommerce system using component and object-oriented framework technology. The component and object-oriented framework technology is based on a software reuse paradigm at a higher level. Use of the component and framework will significantly increase productivity by decreasing development time and resources. The research that is design in nature begins with analyzing and identifying specifications of the e-commerce system functionality in general. The resulting specifications are categorized functionally into modules and objects. The objects are grouped into three logical categories: objects that deal with presentation aspects, objects that deal with business rules and data, and objects that accept and interpret user requests and control the business objects to fulfill these requests. The program application would be implemented on the Java 2 Enterprises Edition Platform. The result of this research is an application of e-commerce system. The ecommerce system runs on local server of J2EE with URL http://localhost:8000/rbi/. By accessing the system from the main page through the end of transaction process, it is assumed that the performance of the ecommerce system would be in line with the expected research goals. The important web pages of the system among others are main page, product category, product item list, detail item description, shopping cart, log-in and log-out page, order notes, and other supporting pages. In addition, the system has a search facility and help. It is also developed an application for monitoring transaction activities done by customers. This e-commerce system was designed to be adapted to other products easily

Sistem ABC: Perangkat Lunak Untuk Membuat Program CAI

Perkembangan komputer yang begitu pesat dewasa ini mengharuskan para pendidik untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi dan aplikasinya dalam bidang pendidikan. Program pengajaran berbantuan komputer (program CAI) merupakan salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan komputer tersebut. Program CAI suatu pelajaran sebaiknya dikembangkan sendiri oleh para pendidik. Namun umumnya penguasaan bahasa pemrograman para pendidik kurang memadai, sehingga diperlukan alat pengembang yang mudah dan sederhana. Sistem ABC sebagai salah satu sistem authoring mempunyai berbagai kapabilitas untuk menunjang pembuatan program CAI sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip instruksional. Dengan menggunakan Sistem ABC akan diperoleh program CAI yang profesional. Keuntungan Sistem ABC terletak pada kemudahan dan kesederhanaannya, sedangkan kerugiannya adalah dalam hal kecepatan eksekusi dan kebutuhan memori

Pengembangan Program CAI dengan Strategi Remidiasi Kesalahan

The purpose of this research was to develop, to evaluate, and to investigate the effectiveness of error remediation CAI lesson. The CAI lesson was developed using error remediation strategies. An experimental study involving 30 students of electrical department at vocational college of FPTK IKIP Yogyakarta was conducted. Questionnaires, evaluation sheets and achievement tests were used to gather data. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were established. There were 75% to 94% of the students expressed that the CAI lesson concerning four aspects: subject matter, presentation, student interaction and program interaction were good. The achievement of the students using the error remediation CAI lesson was higher significantly ( α=0.05) than those of the students using the regular SPR lesson

Pengembangan Mikropon Optik Sebagai Alternatif Dalam Komunikasi Serat Optik

Jaringan komunikasi serat optik yang sudah digunakan di beberapa negara mempunyai berbagai keuntungan dibanding dengan saluran kawat. Meskipun terdapat pula kerugiannya, namun hal itu disebabkan karena keterbatasan teknologi pada saat ini. Dengan pesatnya kemajuan teknologi, lambat laun kerugian tersebut akan dapat teratasi. Dalam rangka mengoptimalkan sistem komunikasi serat optik terutama untuk sinyal audio, maka perlu dikembangkan mikropon optik. Mikropon optik merupakan sensor akustik yang dapat mengubah getaran akustik menjadi variasi gelombang cahaya. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan proses pemodulasian intensitas energi cahaya dengan menggunakan “moving gate” dan membran. Dari prototipe mikropon optik diperoleh bahwa sensitivitasnya lebih baik dari pada mikropon konvensional

Eksperimen Pengiriman Sinyal Televisi Dengan Pemancar TV Dan CCTV Serta Pemanfaatannya Dalam Pendidikan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu pemancar televisi berdaya kecil dan untuk mengetahui apakah pengiriman sinyal televisi melalui pemancar TV dapat diterima dengan kualitas gambar dan suara yang sama seperti melalui CCTV. Tahap pertama adalah pengembangan prototype pesawat pemancar TV dengan prosedur: perancangan, perakitan, dan uji coba. Tahap kedua merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain: Randomized Control-Group Posttest Only. Kelompok eksperimen diberi perlakuan metode pengiriman sinyal televisi melalui pemancar TV dan kelompok kontrol melalui CCTV. Kualitas gambar diukur dengan pedoman pola standar EIA. Hipotesis diuji dengan tes-U. Hasil pengembangan diperoleh suatu pesawat pemancar TV dengan kondisi: frekuensi kerja = 210 MHz, frekuensi sub-pembawa = 5,5 MHz, dan daya = 290 mW. Dari pengujian hipotesis diperoleh bahwa aspek kualitas gambar yang meliputi: linieritas horisontal, linieritas vertikal, perbandingan aspek, penyisipan, resolusi horisontal, resolusi vertikal, dan kualitas suara dari penerimaan sinyal televisi melalui pemancar TV tidak berbeda dengan melalui CCTV pada taraf signifikansi 0.0