POLYMORPHIC TRANSFORMATION OF TITANIUMDIOXIDECAUSED BY HEAT TREATMENT OF PROTONIC LEPIDOCROCITE TITANATE

ABSTRACT The polymorphic phases of titanium dioxide were successfully prepared by heat treatments of protonic lepidocrocite titanate, HO.5T4i1.86sOo.13.0s.054HzOat various temperatures. The prepared powders were characterized with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray), Scanning Electron M~croscopy(SEM), X-rays Diffractometer (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The effect of calcination temperature on the phase structure and morphology of the heated samples was investigated. The research indicated that the protonic titanate, Ho.54Ti1.86sOo.13504\u270.5(0Hz=Ovacancy), lost the inter/ayer water by being heated up to 200°C toproducea dehydratedphase,HO.54Th~o. 13S04.Above 300°C, the dehydrated phase, Ho.54Ti1.86500.1350", completely transformed to TiOz(B)and anatase was obtained as pure phase at 600°C. The phase transformed as the following process: HO.54Th86s00. 13504\u270. 5HzO -+ HO.54Ti1. 86sOo.13504\u270.25Hz -+ HO.54Ti1.86s00.13S04-+ TiOz(B) -+ TiOranatase. \u27 Keywords: layered compound, titanium dioxide, lepidocrocite, phase transformation, heat treatmen

Supply Chain Management in Small and Medium Enterprises: SCM Practices

Abstract— Supply chain management (SCM) in small and medium-sized enterprises is aimed at ensuring both short- and long-term effectiveness and efficiency of these enterprises. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) potentially make irrational decisions because of their individual limitations. Specifically, they are subject to biases, including SCM and escalation of commitment. This study investigates the causality of the interaction between SCM and experience and escalation of commitment in SMEs. This paper used a 1x2 laboratory experimental design with 69 subjects of SME owners who produced pressure-cooked milkfish in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. The independent variable was SCM that consisted of two levels (high vs. low self-attribution). Business age was the proxy of experience as the mediating variable. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was escalation of commitment that was measured with investment decisions. The information on SCM was the new product development opportunity of milkfish meatball. Subjects with high SCM were informed that they had a good ability to coordinate with suppliers to develop the new products while those with low SCM were informed on the presence of the uncertain economic condition and bad luck. One-way ANOVA tested the effectiveness of randomization while independent sample test and univariate analysis of variance tested the hypotheses. The study shows that SME owners with a high self-attribution exhibit greater escalation of commitment than those with a low self-attribution. This paper also empirically finds that the interaction between SCM and experience increases escalation of commitment. By demonstrating that SCM likely affects SMEs’ investment decisions, this study advises governments to take entrepreneurs’ behavioral aspects into account when advocating SMEs. The financial behavior literature on escalation of commitment largely focuses on large firms in their analysis. Meanwhile, the existing phenomena show that decision-making processes in SMEs also exhibit escalation of commitment. This study investigates escalation of commitment in SMEs’ investment decision making regarding SCM and experience in running businesses

PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SETELAH PERAWATAN BEDAH PERIODONTAL (Studi Pustaka)

Background. Periodontal therapy for treatment of periodontitis involves the elimination of anatomic defect. There are two primary approaches to eliminating these anatomic defects : resective (gingivectomy, osseous resection, and apically positioned flaps), and regenerative surgery (osseous graft, guided tissue regeneration, resorbable barriers, coronally position flaps). Aims. The dentist know the outcomes after periodontal surgery. References. Periodontal regeneration means healing after periodontal surgery that results in the formation of a new attachment apparatus, consisting of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Periodontal repair implies healing without restoration of the normal attachment apparatus. Histologic evaluation is the only reliable method to determine the true efficacy of periodontal therapies. Discussion. The variables involved in periodontal wound healing to solve how to achieve periodontal regeneration are manipulation of progenitor cell, alteration of pathologically exposed root surfaces, exclusion of gingival epithelium, and wound stabilization. Conclusions. Periodontal surgery usually do not result in periodontal regeneration. Gingival epithelium that proliferates apically can be inhibited by stabilization of the flap margin and regenerative surgery

EVALUATION OF REGENERATIVE THERAPY USING CELL SHEET THROUGH CEMENTUM PROTEIN-1 EXPRESSION ON MACACA NEMESTRINA

Objective: The main objective of periodontal therapy is tissue regeneration. Previous studies have identified the potential of mesenchymal stem cells to improve major periodontal defect reconstruction in bone tissue engineering. Cell sheet technology (CST), in which a cell culture is obtained from a material coated with a temperature-sensitive substrate, has been developed for the reconstruction of various tissues, including periodontal tissue. Cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1) is a 50-kDa protein that plays a crucial role in cementogenesis by enhancing the combining of cells formed by cell cementoblast. Evaluate periodontal tissue regeneration with CST, and the application of chitosan, chitosan cell sheet or arginineglycineaspartic acid (RGD)-modified chitosan cell sheet on Macaca nemestrina one-wall defect model.Methods: The CEMP-1 was analyzed expression in a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel electrophoresis assay.Results: CEMP-1 expression in gingival crevicular fluid was observed using the SDS-PAGE method every week for 3 weeks. Protein band expressions on SDS-PAGE gel were identified at around 50 kDa with different thicknesses between groups. The chitosan, chitosan cell sheet, and RGD-modified chitosan cell sheet groups showed protein bands of CEMP-1 between 50 and 70 kDa at weeks 1, 2, and 3; weeks 2 and 3; and weeks 1 and 2, respectively.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the application of chitosan and RGD-modified chitosan cell sheets could enhance bone regeneration, as evidenced by CEMP-1 protein expression levels

ENHANCING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY REGIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE ERA INDUSTRY 4.0

This study discusses how the sustainability tourism development strategy in every regency be able to improve the social welfare of local communities. The decentralization program has given freedom and policy to enhance the role of regional tourism to be more competitive. This study is using qualitative methods to be able to explore the empiric phenomenon of deeper problems that expected to be used as a reference for the strategy development of regional tourism applied in global and digital era, which is very competitive and professional through the strategy of well structure and systematic tourism program to be effective and efficient

Landslide Risk on the Farmland at the Arjuno Volcano Complex of East Java

The purposes of the study are (1) studying the characteristics of the landslide hazard level, vulnerability, and capacity dealing with the seasonal plant farmland, and (2) developing the conceptual model disaster risk of landslide for the seasonal plant farmland at the stato volcano area. Sampling of the land factor was carried out in a purposive way and the sampling of the people was carried out accidentally. The analysis was conducted descriptively, parametric and non-parametric statistics, and spatial analysis of ecological map, land shape, slope, soil and land use. The findings showed that the extremely high landslide risk occurred at the cone shape of the incised volcano and the slope of the incised volcano. The economic vulnerability of one-seasonal crop farmland was about Rp. 8,879,310 ha/year-Rp. 44,036,061 ha/year. While, the socio-economic factor of the farmers was generally characterized by a transition into a periurban area. The conceptual model tated that the resources of seasonal plant farmland with the high risk of landslide can be cultivated with the acceptable risk if the vulnerability of agricultural commodity is low in economic value and the capacity of farmers cultivating it is high

Association between Volatile Sulfur Compounds Prevotella intermedia and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Expression

Objective: To determine the correlation between levels of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the proportion of Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) gene expression levels in periodontitis patients accompanied by halitosis. Material and Methods: Samples were obtained from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the deepest pocket and by swabbing in the tongue coating area in patients with periodontitis presenting with halitosis (n = 23) and healthy subjects as controls (n = 7). The values of CH3SH and H2S were obtained using Oral Chroma. The proportion of Pi and MMP-8 expression levels were evaluated using PCR-RT. All the result was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The levels of CH3SH and H2S in participants with PD ≥ 6 mm showed a robust negative correlation with the proportion of P. intermedia in GCF and tongue coating. No statistically significant association was detected between CH3SH and H2S levels and MMP-8 expression levels (p>0.05). Conclusion:  There is no association between CH3SH and H2S levels, the proportion of P. intermedia, and MMP-8 expression in patients with periodontitis accompanied by halitosis

Landslide Risk on the Farmland at the Arjuno Volcano Complex of East Java

The purposes of the study are (1) studying the characteristics of the landslide hazard level, vulnerability, and capacity dealing with the seasonal plant farmland, and (2) developing the conceptual model disaster risk of landslide for the seasonal plant farmland at the stato volcano area. Sampling of the land factor was carried out in a purposive way and the sampling of the people was carried out accidentally. The analysis was conducted descriptively, parametric and non-parametric statistics, and spatial analysis of ecological map, land shape, slope, soil and land use. The findings showed that the extremely high landslide risk occurred at the cone shape of the incised volcano and the slope of the incised volcano. The economic vulnerability of one-seasonal crop farmland was about Rp. 8,879,310 ha/year-Rp. 44,036,061 ha/year. While, the socio-economic factor of the farmers was generally characterized by a transition into a periurban area. The conceptual model tated that the resources of seasonal plant farmland with the high risk of landslide can be cultivated with the acceptable risk if the vulnerability of agricultural commodity is low in economic value and the capacity of farmers cultivating it is high

Al-2 of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram-negative bacterium, and Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus, are both commensals of the oral cavity but both are opportunistic pathogens that can cause oral diseases. A. actinomycetemcomitans produces a quorum-sensing molecule called autoinducer-2 (AI-2), synthesized by LuxS, that plays an important role in expression of virulence factors, in intra- but also in interspecies communication. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AI-2 based signaling in the interactions between C. albicans and A. actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans adhered to C. albicans and inhibited biofilm formation by means of a molecule that was secreted during growth. C. albicans biofilm formation increased significantly when co-cultured with A. actinomycetemcomitans luxS, lacking AI-2 production. Addition of wild-type-derived spent medium or synthetic AI-2 to spent medium of the luxS strain, restored inhibition of C. albicans biofilm formation to wild-type levels. Addition of synthetic AI-2 significantly inhibited hypha formation of C. albicans possibly explaining the inhibition of biofilm formation. AI-2 of A. actinomycetemcomitans is synthesized by LuxS, accumulates during growth and inhibits C. albicans hypha- and biofilm formation. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between bacteria and fungi may provide important insight into the balance within complex oral microbial communities

The utility of salivary CRP and IL-6 as a non-invasive measurement evaluated in patients with COVID-19 with and without diabetes [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]

Background The available evidence suggests that inflammatory responses, in both systemic and oral tissue, contribute to the pathology of COVID-19 disease. Hence, studies of inflammation biomarkers in oral fluids, such as saliva, might be useful to better specify COVID-19 features. Methods In the current study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to measure salivary levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in saliva obtained from patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19, in a diabetic group (DG; n = 10) and a non-diabetic group (NDG; n = 13). All participants were diagnosed with periodontitis, while six participants with periodontitis but not diagnosed with COVID-19 were included as controls. Results We found increases in salivary total protein levels in both the DG and NDG compared to control patients. In both groups, salivary CRP and IL-6 levels were comparable. Additionally, the levels of salivary CRP were significantly correlated with total proteins, in which a strong and moderate positive correlation was found between DG and NDG, respectively. A linear positive correlation was also noted in the relationship between salivary IL-6 level and total proteins, but the correlation was not significant. Interestingly, the association between salivary CRP and IL-6 levels was positive. However, a moderately significant correlation was only found in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, through which the association was validated by a receiver operating curve. Conclusions These finding suggest that salivary CRP and IL-6 are particularly relevant as potential non-invasive biomarker for predicting diabetes risk in mild cases of COVID-19 accompanied with periodontitis