The Efficient Energy Aware Routing and Data Aggregation in Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Network

ABSTRACT: The Energy resource especially in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are major concerned. Since sensor nodes are normally more dense of data sampled by sensor nodes have more redundant of data and data aggregation became an adorable method to ignore redundancy, reducing frequent of transmission and then to conserving energy. Many applications can be assigned in WSNs and different sensors are employed in nodes, the data implemented by heterogeneous sensors or various applications have various attributes. The packet from various attributes does not be aggregated or most of the data aggregation methods handle static routing protocols, which cannot be dynamically or intentionally forward packet corresponding to network state or data types. To make data aggregation more efficiently, in our proposed method using a energy aware routing to implement a data transmission on their network. Inspired by the concepts of energy aware routing technology along with data aggregation. The results estimate the performance in verifies that the routing ADA scheme can make the data improve the efficiency of data aggregation. In our future work have to use a secure routing and energy consumption model on their network. Take different parameters like throughput, delivery ratio, and delay and energy consumption on network

Prioritising the most needed paediatric antiretroviral formulations: the PADO4 list

Despite considerable progress in paediatric HIV treatment and timely revision of global policies recommending the use of more effective and tolerable antiretroviral regimens, optimal antiretroviral formulations for infants, children, and adolescents remain limited. The Paediatric Antiretroviral Drug Optimization group reviews medium-term and long-term priorities for antiretroviral drug development to guide industry and other stakeholders on formulations most needed for low-income and middle-income countries. The group convened in December, 2018, to assess progress since the previous meeting and update the list of priority formulations. Issues relating to drug optimisation for neonatal prophylaxis and paediatric treatment, and those relating to the investigation of novel antiretrovirals in adolescents and pregnant and lactating women were also discussed. Continued focus on identifying, prioritising, and providing access to optimal antiretroviral formulations suitable for infants, children, and adolescents is key to ensuring that global HIV treatment targets can be met

Perkembangan Peserta Didik: Mata Kuliah Dasar Profesi (MKDP) Bagi Para Mahasiswa Calon Guru di Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan (LPTK)

xii, 158 hlm.; 21 cm

<span style="font-size: 22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Laser Raman spectroscopic studies of order-disorder phase transitions in Na_{<span style="font-size:17.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">3</span>}<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">BaCl_{<span style="font-size:17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">5</span>}<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">.2H₂O crystals </span></span></span>

650-653<span style="font-size: 15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Laser Raman spectroscopic studies have been undenaken for Na<span style="font-size:17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:="" bold"="">3<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"="">BaCl5<span style="font-size:22.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:="" bold"="">.2H2O<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""=""> single crystals to study the structural phase transitions taking place in them through spectra- structure correlation. The spectral changes that take place in the low temperature phase below 267 K in this crystal in terms of intensity and bandwidth or the streching and librational modes show that these are indications or diffuse phase transitions associated with an order-disorder mechanism which involves the rotation or water molecules, freezing  below 267 K. No evidence of soft modes has been found for the crystal in the temperature region of<span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.5pt; font-family:" arial","sans-serif""=""> t<span style="font-size:15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">he presence studies. </span

Delivering pediatric HIV care in resource-limited settings: cost considerations in an expanded response

If children are to be protected from HIV, the expansion of PMTCT programs must be complemented by increased provision of paediatric treatment. This is expensive, yet there are humanitarian, equity and children's rights arguments to justify the prioritization of treating HIV-infected children. In the context of limited budgets, inefficiencies cost lives, either through lower coverage or less effective services. With the goal of informing the design and expansion of efficient paediatric treatment programs able to utilize to greatest effect the available resources allocated to the treatment of HIV-infected children, this article reviews what is known about cost drivers in paediatric HIV interventions, and makes suggestions for improving efficiency in paediatric HIV programming. High-impact interventions known to deliver disproportional returns on investment are highlighted and targeted for immediate scale-up. Progress will carry a cost-increased funding, as well as additional data on intervention costs and outcomes, will be required if universal access of HIV-infected children to treatment is to be achieved and sustained.

Immunochromatography in CSF improves data on surveillance of S. pneumoniae meningitis in India

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant cause of childhood bacterial meningitis in India. The United States Food and Drug Administration has licensed an immunochromatographic (ICT) test, Binax®NOW™, to detect the C polysaccharide antigen of S. pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). Accurate etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in India is essential for effective treatment strategies and preventive interventions. Materials and methods: CSF samples from 2081 children admitted, with clinically suspected bacterial meningitis at 11 sentinel sites of hospital based sentinel surveillance network for bacterial meningitis in India between September 2009 and December 2016 were tested with ICT. Concurrent CSF cultures were processed using standard procedures. Results and discussion: S. pneumoniae was detected thrice the number of times by ICT than by CSF culture, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95.3% respectively. This rapid ICT test proves to be of immense use as a diagnostic test for meningitis patients with/without prior antibiotic treatment, especially in facilities with limited laboratory infrastructure in resource limited settings. Keywords: India, Pneumococcal meningitis, Binax, Rapid tes