Joint Spectrum Sensing and Resource Allocation for OFDM-based Transmission with a Cognitive Relay

In this paper, we investigate the joint spectrum sensing and resource allocation problem to maximize throughput capacity of an OFDM-based cognitive radio link with a cognitive relay. By applying a cognitive relay that uses decode and forward (D&F), we achieve more reliable communications, generating less interference (by needing less transmit power) and more diversity gain. In order to account for imperfections in spectrum sensing, the proposed schemes jointly modify energy detector thresholds and allocates transmit powers to all cognitive radio (CR) subcarriers, while simultaneously assigning subcarrier pairs for secondary users (SU) and the cognitive relay. This problem is cast as a constrained optimization problem with constraints on (1) interference introduced by the SU and the cognitive relay to the PUs; (2) miss-detection and false alarm probabilities and (3) subcarrier pairing for transmission on the SU transmitter and the cognitive relay and (4) minimum Quality of Service (QoS) for each CR subcarrier. We propose one optimal and two sub-optimal schemes all of which are compared to other schemes in the literature. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes achieve significantly higher throughput than other schemes in the literature for different relay situations.Comment: EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum 14(1): e4 Published 13th Apr 201

PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF CHITRAKADI GHRITA

Ghrita (ghee) preparation is superior among all the Sneha dravyas because of its power to assimilate effectively the properties of the substances. Chitrakadi Ghrita, a polyherbal formulation is suggested in the management of Vandhyatva (Infertility) caused by Yonidosha mentioned by Acarya Sushruta in Sushruta Samhita. Physico-chemical analysis of the coarse powder made out of the crude drugs and final preparation i.e., Chitrakadi Ghrita was carried out in the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, A.P. Qualitative analysis was done to identify the compounds Triterpnoids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Carbohydrates got positive results in raw herbal powder and Chitrakadi ghritam. Chitrakadi ghritam shows Acid value was 4.78, Saponification value 280.5, Refractive Index value 1.53, Iodine value 28.7, Specific gravity was 0.9, Ester Value 275.72, Bulk density value 1.60, Peroxide value 9.22. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) shows no heavy metals in Chitrakadi Ghrita. TLC was carried out both ChG and HPChG after organizing appropriate solvent system in which TLC examination revealed that it is a complex mixture of 10 to 12 compounds having close Rf values respectively. The present study provided to demonstrate applicability of the methods to standardization of Chitrakadi ghrita, the analysis report shows the values are within the limits, and there is no harmful metals found. The normal limit of Microbial contamination was estimated. It does not contain any harmful microbes such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseduomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. Chitrakadi ghrita can be given internally to the patients for the management of Vandhyatva (Infertility)

EFFECT OF CHITRAKADI GHRITAM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VANDHYATVA (INFERTILITY) WITH YONIDOSHA

Reproduction is the noblest and most reverent of all human powers. God has given this precious gift to the woman. Motherhood is the cherished desire deep down in the heart of every woman. Failure to achieve conception is known as Vandhyatva (Infertility). Even in the computer age, it is estimated that nearly 10-15% of couples are infertile in India. The ancient system of Ayurvedic medicine advocated variety of medication, which provides good results without any harmful effect. The main causes of infertility are tubal block, PCOD, PID and endometriosis. The drug Chitrakadi ghrita was selected which Sushruta mentioned in the management of Vandhya. The Chitrakadi ghrita was given in the dose of 10gm once in a day empty stomach at 6 am with 100ml of lukewarm water for the duration of 3 months with the result assessment recorded at every 1 month. It proved that Chitrakaadi ghrita is very effective in management of Vandhyatva with Yonidosha

Awareness on Entrepreneurial Orientation Among Management Students in Vellore

Purpose: Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze, by means of multivariate techniques, an instrument whose function is to measure the learning of teaching Entrepreneurship, verifying the change in the entrepreneurial profile between participants and non-participants of the entrepreneurial formation process. The research was carried out among university students of the Business Administration course, Vellore.   Theoretical Framework: Entrepreneurship is a socio-economic phenomenon that has been valued for its influence on the growth and development of regional and national economies. The main agent promoting this phenomenon is the entrepreneur; a subject endowed with multiple characteristics who act in a dynamic way and is focused on reaping results, the fruits of their personal efforts. The insertion and search for enterprising subjects in different societies have been noticeable in public, economic and educational programs and policies. Entrepreneurial education is highlighted as one of the most efficient ways to disseminate culture and train new entrepreneurs. From this perspective, the teaching of Entrepreneurship stands out as a resource used for the formation of new entrepreneurs.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study aims to analyze the entrepreneurial intention of students from four Institutions in Vellore, relating it to entrepreneurial self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy, and to try to understand which factors influence it. The sample of this study consists of 290 students from four Institutions in Vellore, of which 114 (39.3%) are male and 176 (60.7%) are female.   Findings: Regarding the degree of importance that students attribute to the Institution support structures for the creation of a company, there is a statistically significant difference, in which the GTEC students stand out, who are the ones who attach the most importance to ”Spaces and equipment for starting the business". With regard to the remaining questions, there are no statistically significant differences between the mean values of the answers given depending on the Institution.   Research, Practical/ & Social Implications: In the analysis of the differences between Institutions, it was verified the existence of statistically significant differences in the questions related to the desire to create their own company and to have a concrete business idea to create, in which SPIM showed a higher average in relation to the other three Institutions. Regarding the other two research questions, “I consider myself capable of creating a company”, and “I am able to work on my own”, there were no statistically significant differences between the four Institutions.   Originality/Value: The present study adds value among the management students with regard to the awareness on entrepreneurship which leads to the country’ economic development

Interaction of indolicidin, a 13-residue peptide rich in tryptophan and proline and its analogues with model membranes

Indolicidin is a 13-residue broad-spectrum antibacterial peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. The primary structure of the peptide ILPWKWPWWPWRR-amide (IL) reveals an unusually high percentage of tryptophan residues. IL and its analogues where proline residues have been replaced by alanine (ILA) and trp replaced by phe (ILF) show comparable antibacterial activitieso While IL and ILA are haemolytic, ILF does not have this property. Since aromatic residues would strongly favour partitioning of the peptide into the lipid bilayer interface, the biological activities of IL and its analogues could conceivably arise due perturbation of the lipid bilayer of membranes. We have therefore investigated the interaction of IL and its analogues with lipid vesicles. Peptides IL and ILA bind to lipid vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanol amine: phosphatidyl glycerol: cardiolipin. The position of λmax and I- quenching experiments suggest that the trp residues are localized at the membrane interface and not associated with the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer in both the peptides. Hence, membrane permeabilization is likely to occur due to deformation of the membrane surface rather than formation of transmembrane channels by indolicidin and its analogues. Peptides ILA, IL and ILF cause the release of entrapped carboxyfluorescein from phosphatidyl choline vesicles. The peptide-lipid ratios indicate that ILF is less effective than IL and ILA in permeabilizing lipid vesicles, correlating with their haemolytic activities

Schiff bases derived from 4-amino-N-substituted benzenesulfonamide: synthesis, spectral characterisation and MIC evaluation

ABSTRACT. The present study is aimed to synthesise Schiff bases from sulfathiazole/ sulfamethoxazole/ sulfadimidine with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The synthesized Schiff bases were characterized by analytical data, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-Vis spectra, mass spectra and screened for antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhiand antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Mucor by disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition indicated that the Schiff base possessed highly potent antimicrobial activity when compared to sulpha drugs.                     KEY WORDS: 4-Amino-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, antimicrobial activity   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 435-448.  DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.1

INFLUENCE OF CANCER SEVERITY AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF CANCER ON CARDIAC PARASYMPATHETIC INDICATORS

 Objective: To investigate the influence of cancer severity and functional status of cancer patients on cardiac parasympathetic indicators. Methods: A total of 267 patients with a fresh clinical diagnosis of solid malignant tumor not yet put on cancer therapy and 250 controls matched for age, sex of study subjects were included. Severity of cancer was defined based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging. Accordingly, study subjects were subdivided into early stage (Stage I and II combined) and advanced stage (Stage III and IV combined). In cancer patients, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score and the Faces Pain Scale score (FPS) was noted. Two indicators of vagal function, expiratory:inspiratory ratio (E:I ratio) and root mean square of successive N-N interval difference (r-MSSD) were included. E:I ratio during deep breathing at six respiratory cycles/minute and r-MSSD at rest was obtained from 1 minute lead II electrocardiogram. Data were analyzed by applying suitable statistical tests. p≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: R-MSSD and E:I ratio was significantly reduced in the early and advanced stage of cancer compared to controls (p≤0.0001). r-MSSD and E:I ratio was significantly reduced in advanced stage compared to the early stage of cancer (p≤0.0001). r-MSSD and E:I ratio was significantly different in subgroups of stages of cancer and controls (p≤0.0001). In cancer patients, r-MSSD was negatively correlated with ECOG and FPS score (p≤0.0278, p≤0.0100). Conclusion: Severity of cancer affects vagal function. However, r-MSSD alone was associated with functional status (ECOG, FPS) of cancer patients

Identification of the region that plays an important role in determining antibacterial activity of bovine seminalplasmin

Seminalplasmin (SPLN) is a 47-residue protein isolated from bovine seminal plasma having potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. SPLN, also known as caltrin, acts as a calcium transport regulator in bovine sperms. Analysis of the sequence of SPLN reveals a 27-residue stretch with the sequence SLSRYAKLANRLANPKLLETFLSKWIG more hydrophobic than the rest of the protein. It is demonstrated that a synthetic peptide corresponding to this 27-residue segment has antimicrobial activity comparable to that of SPLN. It does not exhibit hemolytic activity at concentrations where antibacterial activity is observed. Since P27 can be conveniently obtained in large amounts by chemical synthesis, it could serve not only as a starting compound to obtain peptides with improved antibacterial activity but also to understand the role of SPLN in reproductive physiology