Primena koncepta individualizacije u stambenoj arhitekturi u kontekstu unapređenja kvaliteta višeporodičnog stanovanja u Srbiji

This paper deals with the research of the potential of improvement of multifamily housing quality, by implementing the individualization concept in housing architecture. The thesis is a continuation of the research conducted in the framework of the master thesis "Contemporary tendencies in housing architecture: towards individualization of multi-family housing" and represents its further elaboration and improvement. The advantages of a single-family housing, and disadvantages of the multi-family housing lead to considering the individual family housing a more quality and more humane type of housing, and it has always been a desire of most of the people. Yet, further research of one and the other type of housing reveals a complex mixture of advantages and disadvantages, so the need for the concept representing synergy of advantages of one and the other type - synthesis of a house and an apartment has arisen. The concept of individualization in the housing architecture comprises a broad and comprehensive approach which refers to the identification of those characteristics of single-family housing whose application in the multifamily housing will contribute to the increase of the degree of its individuality, and thus to the improvement of its quality. The basic goal of this research is a scientific explanation of the individualization concept as a contemporary tendency in housing architecture and determination of theoretical and practical models of implementation of this concept for the purpose of improvement of multi-family housing in Serbia. The research starts from the working hypothesis comprising that defining of the way in which the individualization of multi-family housing is related to the housing quality bears a special importance in the process of identification of appropriate models of improvement of architectural organization of multi-family housing, i.e. that the degree of individualization of multi-family housing is the directly defining conditioning the quality of housing. The complexity of the problem dealt with by this research, as well as the multi-disciplinary basis of the research, call for an implementation of the complex scientific apparatus consisting of several research methods: basic scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, classification, induction and deduction), general scientific methods (methods of modeling and comparison) and methods and techniques of data acquisition (empirical knowledge method, case study and survey). For several decades, in the developed courtiers, and increasingly in the neighboring countries in the recent period, there has been high awareness of all the actors in planning and construction of multi-family housing buildings of the importance of individualization for this type of housing. Separation, isolation, seclusion and anonymity of users (needs characterizing contemporary urban housing) are demands for individualization in the fundamental sense. However, in a broader sense, individualization means recognition and analysis of all the characteristics of single-family housing which render it an attractive and desirable form of housing, and their implementation in the multi-family housing. Separate entrances to the apartments, large open areas belonging to them, organization of housing units in several levels, planning for the areas intended for mutual interaction of the residents are only some of them. The qualities of a single-family, within multi-family housing are achieved by implementing the modality of functional, spatial and formal organization of housing units and their environment present in the single-family housing. In Serbia nowadays, it is necessary to comprehensively approach the improvement of the quality of multi-family housing. Apart from the changes of economic-political and socialcultural conditions, which are out of the scope of direct action of the architects, it is necessary to change the designing approach but also the corresponding legal regulations. By implementing the individualization concept, acceptable housing densities in the city can be combined, as well as other advantage of multi-family housing and an always present desire for individuality and living in one’s own house, which would make multi-family housing a preferred form of housing. The research conducted within this paper indicates what is the users’ opinion and what their wishes are, when it comes to the individualization of multifamily housing - the tenants recognize the modalities of individualization, and reach affirmatively and create the priority lists when choosing their housing. Nevertheless, when it comes to the implementation of this concept, the codes, regulations, and standards which regulate the areas of housing building designing and housing districts arrangement should also be modernized, in several terms. In order for the architects to increasingly implement individualization modalities in the future designing of multi-family housing, it is necessary that they have the legal regulations support, which would provide a better understanding by the investors. In such conditions, the housing quality will certainly by improved, and thus, the users will be more satisfied. Multi-family housing is a necessary choice if increasing number of people is to be accommodated in the cities in a sustainable manner. This research indicates that the application of the individualization concept in the housing architecture - or the development of the model of single-family houses in multi-family housing - is a extremely useful approach of the growing problem of lacking housing space, sprawl of cities, need to affirm own individuality, etc. It suggests combining and modification of already known types and forms of single-family and multi-family housing construction and indicates that solutions within multi-family housing, which apart from their own, use the advantages of the single familyones, provide potential for individualization, humanization and improvement of the quality of this type of housing

SPATIAL COMFORT OF SOCIAL HOUSING UNITS – PERSPECTIVE OF NIŠ, SERBIA

The basic precondition, when it comes to the spatial comfort of social housing units is to create residential space which will, in addition to health, hygiene and sanitary minimum, also provide optimal conditions for proper psycho-social development of the users. Previous researches showed that the most relevant criteria, regarding the unit’s spatial comfort, are: size, spatial arrangement and adaptability of housing space, but also the existence of private open areas. Upon these criteria the evaluation model for the valorization of the spatial comfort of social housing units will be formed. This model will further be used for the analysis of the buildings constructed for this purpose in the city of Niš, Serbia

Safety and immunogenicity of a seasonal trivalent inactivated split influenza vaccine: a double blind, phase III randomized clinical trial in healthy Serbian adults

This study was a phase III, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a seasonal trivalent split, inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in healthy Serbian adults between the ages of 18 and 65 years. This egg-based vaccine was manufactured by the Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera, Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia. A total of 480 participants were assigned randomly in a ratio of 2:1 to receive a single intramuscular dose (0.5 ml) of the vaccine (15 µg of hemagglutinin per strain) or placebo (phosphate-buffered saline). Participants were monitored for safety, including solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). No SAEs related to vaccination were reported. Injection site pain (51.3%), injection site tenderness (40.4%), tiredness (17.0%), and headache (15.1%) were the most commonly reported solicited events in the vaccine group. Incidence of related unsolicited AEs was low (1.3%) among vaccinees. Hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) titers were measured before and 21 days after vaccination in 151 participants. Overall, HAI seroconversion rates to H1 and H3 were observed in 90.1% and 76.2% of vaccinees, respectively. For B antigen, it was 51.5%, likely due to high pre-vaccination titers. Post-vaccination seroprotection rates were in the range of 78.2–95.0% for the three antigens. Post-vaccination geometric mean titers (GMT) were at least 3.8 times higher than baseline levels for all the three strains among vaccinees. Overall, the study showed that the vaccine was safe and well tolerated, and induced a robust immune response against all three vaccine strains., ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02935192, October 17, 201

FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF CHILDREN PLAYGROUNDS IN THE HOUSING ESTATES UDC 711.432:712.25+712.5(045)=20

Abstract. Playing is extremely important for the physical and mental health of children. As the outdoors playing is especially important, playgrounds, as the most favorable form of open spaces for children's playing, are of immense significance and they are necessary in the housing districts. Children need the playgrounds which challenge their faculties and capabilities and offer the possibility to develop the new ones. Planning and designing of children playgrounds should be performed by the teams of experts, which will honor in the process the numerous standards, recommendations and requirements which determine the location, quality and appearance of the equipment, arrangement of the equipment, kind of material used for the protective surfacing etc

Primena koncepta individualizacije u stambenoj arhitekturi u kontekstu unapređenja kvaliteta višeporodičnog stanovanja u Srbiji

This paper deals with the research of the potential of improvement of multifamily housing quality, by implementing the individualization concept in housing architecture. The thesis is a continuation of the research conducted in the framework of the master thesis "Contemporary tendencies in housing architecture: towards individualization of multi-family housing" and represents its further elaboration and improvement. The advantages of a single-family housing, and disadvantages of the multi-family housing lead to considering the individual family housing a more quality and more humane type of housing, and it has always been a desire of most of the people. Yet, further research of one and the other type of housing reveals a complex mixture of advantages and disadvantages, so the need for the concept representing synergy of advantages of one and the other type - synthesis of a house and an apartment has arisen. The concept of individualization in the housing architecture comprises a broad and comprehensive approach which refers to the identification of those characteristics of single-family housing whose application in the multifamily housing will contribute to the increase of the degree of its individuality, and thus to the improvement of its quality. The basic goal of this research is a scientific explanation of the individualization concept as a contemporary tendency in housing architecture and determination of theoretical and practical models of implementation of this concept for the purpose of improvement of multi-family housing in Serbia. The research starts from the working hypothesis comprising that defining of the way in which the individualization of multi-family housing is related to the housing quality bears a special importance in the process of identification of appropriate models of improvement of architectural organization of multi-family housing, i.e. that the degree of individualization of multi-family housing is the directly defining conditioning the quality of housing. The complexity of the problem dealt with by this research, as well as the multi-disciplinary basis of the research, call for an implementation of the complex scientific apparatus consisting of several research methods: basic scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, classification, induction and deduction), general scientific methods (methods of modeling and comparison) and methods and techniques of data acquisition (empirical knowledge method, case study and survey). For several decades, in the developed courtiers, and increasingly in the neighboring countries in the recent period, there has been high awareness of all the actors in planning and construction of multi-family housing buildings of the importance of individualization for this type of housing. Separation, isolation, seclusion and anonymity of users (needs characterizing contemporary urban housing) are demands for individualization in the fundamental sense. However, in a broader sense, individualization means recognition and analysis of all the characteristics of single-family housing which render it an attractive and desirable form of housing, and their implementation in the multi-family housing. Separate entrances to the apartments, large open areas belonging to them, organization of housing units in several levels, planning for the areas intended for mutual interaction of the residents are only some of them. The qualities of a single-family, within multi-family housing are achieved by implementing the modality of functional, spatial and formal organization of housing units and their environment present in the single-family housing. In Serbia nowadays, it is necessary to comprehensively approach the improvement of the quality of multi-family housing. Apart from the changes of economic-political and socialcultural conditions, which are out of the scope of direct action of the architects, it is necessary to change the designing approach but also the corresponding legal regulations. By implementing the individualization concept, acceptable housing densities in the city can be combined, as well as other advantage of multi-family housing and an always present desire for individuality and living in one’s own house, which would make multi-family housing a preferred form of housing. The research conducted within this paper indicates what is the users’ opinion and what their wishes are, when it comes to the individualization of multifamily housing - the tenants recognize the modalities of individualization, and reach affirmatively and create the priority lists when choosing their housing. Nevertheless, when it comes to the implementation of this concept, the codes, regulations, and standards which regulate the areas of housing building designing and housing districts arrangement should also be modernized, in several terms. In order for the architects to increasingly implement individualization modalities in the future designing of multi-family housing, it is necessary that they have the legal regulations support, which would provide a better understanding by the investors. In such conditions, the housing quality will certainly by improved, and thus, the users will be more satisfied. Multi-family housing is a necessary choice if increasing number of people is to be accommodated in the cities in a sustainable manner. This research indicates that the application of the individualization concept in the housing architecture - or the development of the model of single-family houses in multi-family housing - is a extremely useful approach of the growing problem of lacking housing space, sprawl of cities, need to affirm own individuality, etc. It suggests combining and modification of already known types and forms of single-family and multi-family housing construction and indicates that solutions within multi-family housing, which apart from their own, use the advantages of the single familyones, provide potential for individualization, humanization and improvement of the quality of this type of housing

Location Criteria Relevant for Sustainability of Social Housing Model

Social housing models, which had began to develop during the last century, for their only objective had a need to overcome the housing problems of socially vulnerable categories. However, numerous studies have shown that these social categories, because of their low social status, are highly susceptible to various psychological and sociological problems. On the other hand a low level of quality, which was common for social housing dwellings, has further aggravated these problems by initiating trouble behaviours among tenants, affecting social exclusion and segregation. Contemporary social housing models are therefore conceptualized in a way to provide a positive psycho-sociological impact on their tenants. Therefore the planning approach in social housing should be such to: support important functions in daily life routines; promote tolerance and cooperation; influence on a sense of social order and belonging; affect the socialization of the tenant and their integration into the wider community; and improve social cohesion. Analysis of the influential location parameters of immediate and wider social housing environment strive to define the ones relevant to the life quality of social housing tenants and therefore influence on the sustainability of social housing model

Location Criteria Relevant for Sustainability of Social Housing Model

Social housing models, which had began to develop during the last century, for their only objective had a need to overcome the housing problems of socially vulnerable categories. However, numerous studies have shown that these social categories, because of their low social status, are highly susceptible to various psychological and sociological problems. On the other hand a low level of quality, which was common for social housing dwellings, has further aggravated these problems by initiating trouble behaviours among tenants, affecting social exclusion and segregation. Contemporary social housing models are therefore conceptualized in a way to provide a positive psycho-sociological impact on their tenants. Therefore the planning approach in social housing should be such to: support important functions in daily life routines; promote tolerance and cooperation; influence on a sense of social order and belonging; affect the socialization of the tenant and their integration into the wider community; and improve social cohesion. Analysis of the influential location parameters of immediate and wider social housing environment strive to define the ones relevant to the life quality of social housing tenants and therefore influence on the sustainability of social housing model

ASPEKT ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA U SAVREMENOJ ARHITEKTURI

Modern architectural aesthetics is conditional on sustainable development as the basic principle of the balance between man and nature. Among the most complex problems of modern society are reduction of pollution and energy resource expenditure within the building sector. Most of the buildings are not built in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection, and are therefore energy-inefficient and costly to maintain. Problem solving requires implementation of certain design principles and application of different materials and systems for producing and saving energy. One of the most important aspects of the architecture is a selection of sustainable building materials that are least energy-intensive over their entire life cycles, the materials that can be recycled after use and reused in a new object. The aim of this study is to assess the basic architectural principles of sustainability as well as the selection of materials in order to preserve the environment and natural resources for future generations.Savremena arhitektonska estetika uslovljena je održivim razvojem kao osnovnim principom uravnoteženosti čoveka sa prirodom. Jedan od najkompleksnijih problema savremenog društva predstavlja zagađenje i potršnje energetskih resursa u građevinskom sektoru. Većina građevinskih objekata nije u skladu sa potrebama zaštite životne sredine, energetski su neefikasni i skupi za održavanje. Primarno rešavanje problema može se postići poštovanjem određenih principa projektovanja, a zatim i primenom različitih materijala i sistema za proizvodnju i uštedu energije. Jedan od najvažnijih aspekata u arhitekturi predstavlja izbor održivih građevinskih materijala koji zahtevaju najmanje energije za obradu tokom svojih životnih ciklusa, koji mogu biti reciklirani posle upotrebe i ponovo korišćeni na novom objektu. Cilj ovog rada je sagledavanje osnovnih arhitektonskih principa održivosti kao i izbor materijala u cilju očuvanja prirode i prirodnih resursa za buduće generacije

PRIMENA DIHROIČKOG STAKLA U ARHITEKTONSKOM OBLIKOVANJU OBJEKATA

The application of coloured and optical glass in architecture is of great importance in terms of creating spatial dynamics and uniqueness of space. Dichroic glass is a type of glass coated with a thin layer of metal, which causes the glass surface to change in colour depending on the viewing angle. The colour of the glass depends on the incidence of different wavelengths of light passing through or bouncing off the glass surface, thus creating different effects of colour refraction. Created effects provide different possibilities in the design of buildings and improvements in the aesthetic quality of the interior space. This paper deals with the analysis and application of coloured dichroic glass in architecture and interior design.Primena bojenih i optičkih stakala u arhitekturi ima veliki značaj u pogledu stvaranja prostorne dinamike i jedinstvenosti prostora. Dihroičko staklo predstavlja vrstu stakla koja je premazana tankim slojem metala, zahvaljujući kojem dolazi do promene boje staklene površine u zavisnosti od ugla posmatranja. Boja stakla zavisi od upada različitih talasnih dužina svetla koje prolazi kroz staklenu površinu ili se odbija od nje, stvarajući na taj način različite efekte prelamanja boja. Stvoreni efekti pružaju različite mogućnosti u dizajnu objekata i poboljšanja estetskog kvaliteta unutrašnjeg prostora. Ovaj rad se bavi analizom i primenom bojenih dihroičkih stakala u arhitekturi i dizajnu enterijera