The Return of the Native: the indigenous challenge in Latin America

In this paper Rodolfo Stavenhagen explores the evolution of indigenous movements in Latin America. Indigenous organisations have sprung up in their thousands since the 1960s and have become a new and formidable force for social and political change. Stavenhagen describes the factors which account for the rise of awareness within indigenous communities, such as disillusionment with the land reform and populist indigenista policies. He goes on to discuss the way in which small, grassroots organisations, concerned largely with specific socio-economic issues, have developed into large, country-wide coalitions calling for autonomy and self-determination. Although these movements have no universal ideology as such, Stavenhagen argues that the discourse created has changed both indigenous peoples' self-perception and the way in which they are viewed by the political elite both at home and abroad. Moreover, this, in time, and in tandem with the important constitutional and legislative changes already achieved, should encourage the intercultural mestizaje which he sees as the only means by which Indians and Ladinos can live on equal terms

Indigenous Peoples in Comparative Perspective – Problems and Policies

human development, culture

Land Development in Mexico: A case study

Summary The case examined is the Carrizo Valley irrigation scheme in N.W. Mexico. Members of the ejidos (land holding communities) as beneficiaries of the agrarian reform, were granted usufructural rights over 76 per cent of irrigated land, and were obliged by decree to form credit societies and farm collectively. This article documents some of the internal and external factors which brought about the progressive disintegration of the centrally managed and unified collective production units. It then identifies some of the major problems facing the cjido sector as a result of its dependence on other sectors, and examines attempts at solving these problems through the creation of Unions of Credit Societies. Resume Développement agraire au Mexique: étude d'un cas Le cas étudié est celui du projet d'irrigation de la vallée de Carrizo dans le nord?ouest du Mexique. Les membres des “ejidos” (communautés propriétaires des terres), bénéficiaires de la réforme agraire, se sont vus accorder des droits d'usufruit sur plus de 76% des terres irriguées et ont été obligés par un décret à former des sociétés de crédit et à exploiter les terres collectivement. Cet article illustre quelques?uns des facteurs internes et externes qui ont amené la désintégration progressive des exploitations collectives unifiées et gérées centralement. Il souligne ensuit certains des principaux problèmes qui se posent au secteur “ejido” en raison de sa dépendance vis?à?vis d'autres secteurs et examine les tentatives faites pour résoudre ces problèmes en créant des syndicats de sociétés de crédit. Resumen La explotación de la tierra en Mexico: estudio de un caso El caso examinado es el sistema de riego en el Valle de Carrizo del noroeste de México. Los miembros de los ejidos (comunidades propietarias de terrenos), como beneficiarios de la reforma agraria, obtuvieron los derechos de usufructo de más del 76% de la tierra bajo riego y quedaron obligados por Decreto a formar sociedades de crédito y a la explotación agrícola colectiva. En este artículo se documentan algunos de los factores internos y externos que acarrearon la desintegración progresiva de las unidades de producción colectiva unificada dirigida centralmente. A continuación se identifican algunos de los problemas más importantes con que se enfrenta el sector ejidal, como resultado de su dependencia de otros sectores, y examina las tentativas hechas para resolver estos problemas mediante la creación de uniones de sociedades de crédito

The Arena in the Early Court Novel

Paper by Lee Stavenhage

Identidad indígena y multiculturalidad en América Latina

El artículo hace una presentación amplia de las diversas culturas e identidades indígenas en América Latina, desde la perspectiva multicultural enfatizando sus tradiciones, costumbres, prácticas sociales, en tanto elementos de organización y defensa de susu legados socio culturales.1-

Glycoproteomics and Glycomics: Method Development and Clinical Applications

Wuhrer, M. [Promotor]Kolarich, D. [Copromotor

A Legendary Backdrop for Gahmuret

Paper by Lee Stavenhage

The European initiative EUREKA: The Concept and Aims of EUREKA

The European initiative for cooperation in research and development, known as EUREKA, began to take shape at the conference of 18 European countries and the EC Commission held in Hanover at the beginning of November 1985. Lutz G. Stavenhagen, Minister of State in the Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany, and Otto Wolff von Amerongen, President of the German Industrial and Trade Association, discuss below the aims of the EUREKA programme and assess its chances of success

New roles for Fc receptors in neurodegeneration-the impact on immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease

There are an estimated 18 million Alzheimer's disease (AD) sufferers worldwide and with no disease modifying treatment currently available, development of new therapies represents an enormous unmet clinical need. AD is characterized by episodic memory loss followed by severe cognitive decline and is associated with many neuropathological changes. AD is characterized by deposits of amyloid beta (A?), neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Active immunization or passive immunization against A? leads to the clearance of deposits in transgenic mice expressing human A?. This clearance is associated with reversal of associated cognitive deficits, but these results have not translated to humans, with both active and passive immunotherapy failing to improve memory loss. One explanation for these observations is that certain anti-A? antibodies mediate damage to the cerebral vasculature limiting the top dose and potentially reducing efficacy. Fc gamma receptors (Fc?R) are a family of immunoglobulin-like receptors which bind to the Fc portion of IgG, and mediate the response of effector cells to immune complexes. Data from both mouse and human studies suggest that cross-linking Fc?R by therapeutic antibodies and the subsequent pro-inflammatory response mediates the vascular side effects seen following immunotherapy. Increasing evidence is emerging that Fc?R expression on CNS resident cells, including microglia and neurons, is increased during aging and functionally involved in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we propose that increased expression and ligation of Fc?R in the CNS, either by endogenous IgG or therapeutic antibodies, has the potential to induce vascular damage and exacerbate neurodegeneration. To produce safe and effective immunotherapies for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases it will be vital to understand the role of Fc?R in the healthy and diseased brain. Here we review the literature on Fc?R expression, function and proposed roles in multiple age-related neurological diseases. Lessons can be learnt from therapeutic antibodies used for the treatment of cancer where antibodies have been engineered for optimal efficacy

Whose Honey, Whose Hive: Rhetorical Agency in the Colony Collapse Disorder

U.S. beekeepers used distinct, important narratives to define Colony Collapse Disorder, a crisis that continues to kill a third of U.S. honey bees each year and threatens $15 billion of crops. My analysis of personal interviews with U.S. beekeepers including Dave Hackenberg, former president of the American Honey Producers Association, find beekeepers supply more pragmatic and emplaced narratives than those supplied by scientists and media: rather than define the crisis as pathogenic or a crime-narrative “whodunnit” with singular solutions, beekeepers define it in terms of economics and interactive “field” conditions such as pesticides, watersheds, bee genetics and foraging. Citing the work of Peterson, Lamberti and Schell, I advance the argument that defining “farmer’s narratives” helps better define food-related environmental crises