18 research outputs found

    CO2\mathrm{CO_2} exploding clusters dynamics probed by XUV fluorescence

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    Clusters excited by intense laser pulses are a unique source of warm dense matter, that has been the subject of intensive experimental studies. The majority of those investigations concerns atomic clusters, whereas the evolution of molecular clusters excited by intense laser pulses is less explored. In this work we trace the dynamics of CO2\mathrm{CO_2} clusters triggered by a few-cycle 1.45-μ\mum driving pulse through the detection of XUV fluorescence induced by a delayed 800-nm ignition pulse. Striking differences among fluorescence dynamics from different ionic species are observed

    Low Carbon Footprint and Ultra Low NOx Boilers through Efficiency Gain

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    Benz Air Engineering and the CompuNOx system focus on a controls approach to minimize emissions without exposing steam generation plants to an unbearable financial burden. With minimal system changes we use thorough system analysis in conjunction with a novel control design to deliver a comprehensive boiler controls retrofit that provides reductions in emissions as well as substantial cost savings. Combining mechanical engineering expertise with substantial experience in control engineering in over 200 retrofits this system achieves astonishing results with short payback time, making CompuNOx a feasible solution for emission mandates and cost savings

    NOx Reduction through Efficiency Gain

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    Benz Air Engineering and the CompuNOx system focus on a controls approach to minimize emissions without exposing steam generation plants to an unbearable financial burden. With minimal system changes we use thorough system analysis in conjunction with a novel control design to deliver a comprehensive boiler controls retrofit that provides reductions in emissions as well as substantial cost savings. Combining mechanical engineering expertise with substantial experience in control engineering in over 200 retrofits this system achieves astonishing results with short payback time, making CompuNOx a feasible solution for emission mandates and cost savings

    Comparing Femtosecond Multiphoton Dissociative Ionization of Tetrathiafulvene with Imaging Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy

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    In this paper we describe femtosecond photoionization and the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy of tetrathiafulvene, TTF. Femtosecond photoionization of TTF results in the absorption of up to twelve 808 nm photons leading to ion internal energies up to 12.1 eV as deduced from the photoelectron spectrum. Within this internal energy a variety of dissociation channels are accessible. In order to disentangle the complex ionic dissociation, we utilized the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) technique. Above the dissociation threshold, iPEPICO results show that the molecular ion (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 204) dissociates into seven product ions, six of which compete in a 1.0 eV internal energy window and are formed with the same appearance energy. Ab initio calculations are reported on the possible fragment ion structures of five dissociation channels as well as trajectories showing the loss of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>S from high internal energy TTF cations. A three-channel dissociation model is used to fit the PEPICO data in which two dissociation channels are treated as simple dissociations (one with a reverse barrier), while the rest involve a shared barrier. The two lower energy dissociation channels, <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 146 and the channel leading to <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 178, 171, 159, 140, and 127, have <i>E</i><sub>0</sub> values of 2.77 ± 0.10 and 2.38 ± 0.10 eV, respectively, and are characterized by Δ<i>S</i><sup>‡</sup><sub>600 K</sub> values of −9 ± 6 and 1 ± 6 J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. Competing with them at higher internal energy is the cleavage of the central bond to form the <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 102 fragment ion, with an <i>E</i><sub>0</sub> value of 3.65 ± 0.10 eV and Δ<i>S</i><sup>‡</sup><sub>600 K</sub> = 83 ± 10 J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>

    Comparing Femtosecond Multiphoton Dissociative Ionization of Tetrathiafulvene with Imaging Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy

    No full text
    In this paper we describe femtosecond photoionization and the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy of tetrathiafulvene, TTF. Femtosecond photoionization of TTF results in the absorption of up to twelve 808 nm photons leading to ion internal energies up to 12.1 eV as deduced from the photoelectron spectrum. Within this internal energy a variety of dissociation channels are accessible. In order to disentangle the complex ionic dissociation, we utilized the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) technique. Above the dissociation threshold, iPEPICO results show that the molecular ion (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 204) dissociates into seven product ions, six of which compete in a 1.0 eV internal energy window and are formed with the same appearance energy. Ab initio calculations are reported on the possible fragment ion structures of five dissociation channels as well as trajectories showing the loss of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>S from high internal energy TTF cations. A three-channel dissociation model is used to fit the PEPICO data in which two dissociation channels are treated as simple dissociations (one with a reverse barrier), while the rest involve a shared barrier. The two lower energy dissociation channels, <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 146 and the channel leading to <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 178, 171, 159, 140, and 127, have <i>E</i><sub>0</sub> values of 2.77 ± 0.10 and 2.38 ± 0.10 eV, respectively, and are characterized by Δ<i>S</i><sup>‡</sup><sub>600 K</sub> values of −9 ± 6 and 1 ± 6 J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. Competing with them at higher internal energy is the cleavage of the central bond to form the <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 102 fragment ion, with an <i>E</i><sub>0</sub> value of 3.65 ± 0.10 eV and Δ<i>S</i><sup>‡</sup><sub>600 K</sub> = 83 ± 10 J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>
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