Studi Karakteristik Komposisi Produk Katalitik Pirolisis TKKS dengan katalis Al White

Bio-oil can be produced from biomass which has the potential to become an environmentally friendly renewable energy source. Most of the biomass is found as organic waste or used as mulch. Therefore, this renewable energy source needs to be developed so that its utilization can be maximized as a promising energy source with a catalytic pyrolysis process. The raw material used in this research is empty palm fruit bunches (EFB). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of catalytic pyrolysis temperature on pyrolysis products in the form of char, bio-oil and gas. The experiment was carried out at various temperatures of 300°C, 350°C and 400°C using Al white catalyst. The ratio of Al white catalyst with EFB is 1:2 mixed with the catalyst in the pyrolysis reactor. The desired temperature for the pyrolysis process can be set on the reactor temperature controller. The results showed that the optimum bio-oil production rate of 55.81% was obtained from samples at 350 °C. Bio-oil in this study was divided into BO (bio-oil in the oil phase) and BA (bio-oil in the liquid phase). In this study the bio-oil obtained at process temperatures of 300°C, 350°C and 400°C were 45.28%, 55.81% and 47.40%, with a heating rate of 5.93°C/minute , 6.11 °C/minute, and 6.68 °C/minute and the density of bio-oil ranges from 1.114–1.264 g/ml. BO products are thicker than BA products. BO viscosity is higher at high pyrolysis temperature as well. The most char products at 300oC and the most gas products at 400oC. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the more gas will be produced. By improving the pyrolysis process, promising bio-oil can be produced with temperature, catalyst treatment, and heating rate playing an important role in i

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD) MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI VISIO DI SMKN 8 BANDAR LAMPUNG

ABSTRAKPengembangan pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Indonesia harus diarahkan untuk beradaptasi dengan dinamika global dan nasional khususnya terhadap Revolusi Industri 4.0. Berdasarkan penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka, program keahlian yang ada di SMK Negeri 8 Bandar Lampung salah satunya adalah Teknik Kimia Industri dengan peserta sebanyak 25 orang. Adapun tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) yaitu memberikan pelatihan desain process flow diagram (PFD) menggunakan microsoft visio kepada siswa jurusan teknik kimia di SMKN 8 Bandar Lampung. Pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan pengalaman dalam merancang proses pabrik secara sederhana maupun kompleks sangat diperlukan di dunia industri, khususnya bidang keahlian teknik kimia. Dari hasil pelatihan, seluruh peserta sangat antusias dan dapat menyelesaikan desain PFD hingga selesai serta beberapa siswa aktif bertanya terkait materi yang diberikan. Para peserta dengan persentase 98% menyatakan bahwa adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan terkait pembuatan proses industri fermentasi melalui PFD. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menambah keterampilan siswa jurusan teknik kimia SMKN 8 Bandar Lampung agar siap menjadi sumber daya manusia (SDM) unggul. Kata kunci: PKM; microsoft visio; PFD. ABSTRACTThe development of Vocational High School education in Indonesia must be directed to adapt to global and national dynamics, especially to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Based on the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, one of the expertise programs in SMK Negeri 8 Bandar Lampung is Industrial Chemical Engineering with 25 participants. The purpose of this community service activity (PKM) is to provide process flow diagram (PFD) design training using microsoft visio to students majoring in chemical engineering at SMKN 8 Bandar Lampung. The knowledge, skills, and experience in designing simple and complex plant processes are needed in the industrial world, especially in the field of chemical engineering expertise. From the results of the training, all participants were very enthusiastic and were able to complete the PFD design to completion and some students actively asked questions regarding the material provided. The participants with a percentage of 98% stated there was an increase in knowledge and skills related to making industrial fermentation processes through PFD. This activity is expected to increase the skills of students majoring in chemical engineering at SMKN 8 Bandar Lampung so that they are ready to become excellent human resources (HR). Keywords: PKM; microsoft visio; PFD

Manajemen Strategi Perusahaaan

Manajemen strategi adalah proses atau rangkaian aktivitas pengambilan keputusan yang sifatnya mendasar dan menyeluruh, disertai dengan penetapan cara pelaksanaannya, yang dibuat oleh pimpinan organisasi dan diimplementasikan oleh seluruh jajaran di dalam organisasi tersebut untuk mencapai tujuan

The potential of activated carbon derived from bio-char waste of bio-oil pyrolysis as adsorbent

Activated carbon from bio-char waste of bio oil pyrolysis of mixed sugarcane bagasse and Rambutan twigs was investigated. Bio-char as by-product of bio-oil pyrolysis has potential to be good adsorbed by activating process. Bio-chars waste was activated in fixed bed reactor inside furnace without presenting oxygen. Gas N2 and CO2 were employed to drive out oxygen from the reactor and as activator, respectively. One of the best activation treatments is achieved by performing activation in different temperature and time to produce standard activated carbon. The experiment was performed at different temperatures and activation time, i.e. 800, 850, and 900° C and 80 and 120 minutes, respectively, to determine the optimal operating condition. Activated carbon was characterized by analysis of moisture content, ash content pH, and methylene blue test. The results showed that optimum activation was at 850°C and 80 minute, where activated carbon produced indicated the best adsorption capacity. The ash content and pH had significant role in resulting good activated carbon

The potential of activated carbon derived from bio-char waste of bio-oil pyrolysis as adsorbent

Activated carbon from bio-char waste of bio oil pyrolysis of mixed sugarcane bagasse and Rambutan twigs was investigated. Bio-char as by-product of bio-oil pyrolysis has potential to be good adsorbed by activating process. Bio-chars waste was activated in fixed bed reactor inside furnace without presenting oxygen. Gas N2 and CO2 were employed to drive out oxygen from the reactor and as activator, respectively. One of the best activation treatments is achieved by performing activation in different temperature and time to produce standard activated carbon. The experiment was performed at different temperatures and activation time, i.e. 800, 850, and 900° C and 80 and 120 minutes, respectively, to determine the optimal operating condition. Activated carbon was characterized by analysis of moisture content, ash content pH, and methylene blue test. The results showed that optimum activation was at 850°C and 80 minute, where activated carbon produced indicated the best adsorption capacity. The ash content and pH had significant role in resulting good activated carbon

Extraction of Vegetable Oil from Candlenut Seeds (Aleurites Moluccana L. Willd.) Using the Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) Method

The microwave hydriffusion gravity (MHG) method is a relatively new extraction method in order to improve the quality of oil obtained from plant materials or spices. The extraction process is carried out without involving solvents so it is safe for consumption. However, the MHG method has never been applied to the extraction of candlenut (Aleurites moluccana L) seeds. The operating conditions and variables in the research on the extraction process of Aleurites moluccana L are microwave power (300; 450; 600 W), extraction time (15-75 minutes) with 15-minute intervals, material size (1;2;3 cm), mass of raw material 100 gr, and atmospheric pressure. Material treatment consisted of 3 types of material conditions including seed material which had been roasted for 10 minutes over low heat, seed material which had been in the oven for 45 minutes, and seed material which had been without pretreatment. The results of the oil extract were analyzed using GC-MS to identify the components of the constituent compounds. Then, evaluating the mathematical modeling of the extraction process is based on first and second order kinetics. Roasted material showed the highest yield with material size parameter in 1 cm, microwave power of 600 W, and extraction time at 30 minutes, produced 5.55% (%w/w). Furthermore, the pyrazine component (36.814%) is the largest compound from the extraction of Aleurites moluccana. The first-order kinetic model has a regression that is close to the experiment with (R2 = 0.9453). Modeling quality is also supported by a very small total sum of squares (SST) value of 6,44E10-4. Therefore, the MHG method is quite effective in producing Aleurites moluccana oil with better quantity and qualit

Pemberdayaan Perempuan Pedesaan dengan Pendekatan Participatory Action Research: Produksi Sabun Cuci Piring Herbal Rumahan

This article aimed to do research on the economic empowerment of rural women using Participatory Action Research approach. PAR required performing research to define a problem or implement information as solutions to problems that have been defined. PAR is "research by, with, and for people" as opposed to "research on person." Participatory action research is participatory in the sense that it is a necessary condition that people play a key role and have relevant information about the existing social system (community) under review, and that they participate in the design and implementation of the action plan based on the findings of the research. This research was preceded in the search for problems faced by women in Jatisari Village, Lampung Province. The solutions obtained were in the form of providing knowledge, entrepreneurial skills, and examples of how to produce innovative products by utilizing the natural resources around them. Empowerment activities include three stages, namely: (1) Providing counseling about the possible benefits of natural resources in the environment as products for women’s needs by providing examples of the use of plants that are easy to obtain and grow, for example aloe vera which is easily found in the yard to produce a product; (2) Provide counseling on how to become a woman entrepreneur and analyze household products with high demand for daily needs (eg liquid dish soap); and (3) Demonstrating how to use aloe vera as a component in the manufacture of liquid dish soap