Perubahan jumlah sel purkinje cerebellum dan koordinasi motorik akibat pemberian alkohol pada tikus

Background: Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant which had effect on cerebellum. The mechanism of alcohol-induced cerebellar damage possibly involves increase of the fluidity of cell membranes, hypoxia due to spasm of cerebral blood vessels, accumulation of toxic acetaldehyde, and nutritional deficiency. Objective: To reveal the effect of alcohol administration with different concentration on motor coordination disorder and the amount of Purkinje cells of adult male rats. Methods: Twenty four adult male rats (Fiattus norvegicus), with body weight range of 180-250 grams, were divided randomly into four groups. Group I, as control, was given aquadest 2 mUday. Each group II, Ill and IV were given alcohol 3%, 13%, and 24% 2 mUday, consecutively. Alcohol or aquadest was given orally during 30 days. After 30 days, motor coordination was assessed by measuring the survival of rats on rotarod with different speeds, 16, 24, and 32 rpm. And then, rats were decapitated and the brain was taken out for histological evaluation, paraffin method, and toloudine blue staining. Result: Motor coordination of alcohol groups with rotarod speed of 16 rpm, decreased significantl

Expression of receptor advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and histological picture of pancreatic -cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after yellow soybean powder suspension (Glycine max) administration

Diabetes mellitus is a multisystemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects ininsulin secretion and action, or both. Hyperglycemia is the most important factor in the onsetand progress of diabetic complications. Hyperglycemia increases the expression of receptor foradvanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) which leads to pancreatic -cells damage. Yellowsoybean (Glycine max) is reported to contain isoflavones which have various biological propertiesincluding antidiabetes. Dietary soybean can prevent the progression of diabetic complications.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of yellow soybean powder suspension onexpression of RAGE and pancreatic -cells damage of diabetic rats. Thirty streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley male rats aged 11-12 weeks with body weight 200-250 g wereused in this study. The rats were divided into 5 groups with 6 rats in each group. Group 1 wasnon diabetic rats. Group 2 was diabetic rats without treatment. Group 3-5 were given yellowsoybean powder suspension of 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg BW for four weeks, respectively. Atthe end of the experiment, pancreases tissues were removed for examination of RAGE expressionand pancreatic -cells. The results showed that yellow soybean powder suspension ingestionsignifantly decreased blood glucose level of diabetic rats toward normality (p0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of RAGE expression onGroup 4 (42.43±4.08%) and Group 5 (40.62±3.42%) were significantly lower than Group 2(p0.05), whereas the percentage of pancreatic-cells in Group 4 (16.78±7.79%) and in Group 5 (22.03±11.51%) were significantly higherthan Group 2 (p<0.05). In conclusion, yellow soybean powder suspension can decrease RAGEexpression and prevent pancreatic -cells damage on STZ-induced diabetic rats.Keywords: pancreatic cells - Langerhans islets - streptozotocine - diabetic rats - soybean

Expression of receptor advanced glycosilation end product (RAGE) and active caspase-3 of the streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetes mellitus Sprague Dawley rats’ sperm with soybean (Glycin max) powder suspension treatment

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects all the process of spermatogenesis. Chronic hyperglycemia in DM increases the expression of receptor for advanced glycosilation end products (RAGE) that is responsible for the activation of signal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase 3. Active caspase 3 plays an important role in cell apoptosis. Soybean (Glycin max) is reported to have antihyperglycemic and antiadvanced glycosilation end products (antiAGE) and antioxidants activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean powder suspension on the expression of RAGE and active caspase 3 of diabetic rats’ sperm. This was an experimental study with post test only control group design using 30 male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 11-12 weeks old and weighed 200-250g. The rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group. Group 1 was non diabetic rats and  Group 2 was diabetic rats that were given aquadest. Group 3-5 were diabetic rats that were given a soybean powder suspension at dose of 400; 800 and 1600 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day, respectively. Diabetic rats were made by induction of a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg BW. Soybean powder suspension was ingested for four weeks after 14 days STZ induction. Blood glucose levels were monitored before and three days after STZ induction and four weeks after suspension ingestion. The expression of RAGE and active caspase-3 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry method four weeks after suspension ingestion. The results showed that soybean powder suspension ingestion significantly decreased blood glucose level of diabetic rats toward normality (p<0.05). However, the expression of RAGE and active caspase-3 in diabetic rats’ sperm were not significantly lower than those after suspension ingestion. In conclusion, soybean powder suspension does not significantly affect the expression of RAGE and active caspase-3 in diabetic rats’ sperm

The effect of measurable and regular exercise on ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats in improving skin quality

The decline of estrogen level causes various skin changes including amount of fibroblast, the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Physical exercise is believed can increase the estrogen level and give benefit impacts on skin. It mechanism is often associated with the increase of extragonadal aromatization and estrogen serum, the activation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of physical exercise in ovariectomized rat on the amount of fibroblast, the thickness of epidermis and dermis, the levels of ER β in skin and serum estrogen. Eight female Sprague Dawley rats aged 3 months were used in this study. Rats were divided into two groups i.e. Group 1 consisted of ovariectomized rats without physical exercise and Group 2 consisted of ovariectomized rats and given measurable and regular physical exercise. Rats ran on treadmill with the speed 18 m/min, the tilt of 5%, duration for 60 min/experiment/day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The amount of fibroblast, the thickness of epidermis and dermis, the levels of ERβ in skin and serum estrogen were measured after physical exercise. The result showed that there was a significant difference amount of fibroblast between group 1 and group 2 (p0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the level of serum estrogen and the thickness of epidermis (p<0.05), and negative correlation between the serum estrogen level and the level of ERβ (p<0.05), and negative significant correlation between the level of ERβ and the thickness of epidermis (p<0.05).  In conclusion, the amount of dermal fibroblast of ovariectomized rats increase after underwent measurable and regular exercise. There is correlation between the serum estrogen level and  the thickness of epidermis as well as ERβ.

Serum iron level shortly after iron supplementation shortly after and 2 hours after meal in women with iron deficiency anemia

ABSTRACT Erna Kristin, Muhammad Hakimi, Sri Kadarsih Soejono, Lukman Hakim - Serum iron level shortly after iron supplementation shortly after and 2 hours after meal in women with iron deficiency anemia Background: Incidence of anemia in women in developing countries is still high, that is, around 43%. This incidence rate is far more hig\u27her that that in industrial countries, which is ranged between 10-12 %. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is still high, particularly in developing countries. The cause of the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is not known, since it involves various factors. Two of the probable etiologic factors is variability in dosage administration, and the effect of co-administered food. Studies on the pharmacokinetic \u27of iron after single dose iron tablet administration in women with anemia and pharmacokinetic of iron coadministered with food in healthy women have been done, but study on repeated dose has never been conducted. Objective: To understand serum iron level after ingestion of repeated dose of iron shortly after and 2 hours after meal for 12 weeks in women with iron deficiency anemia. Method: The research design was a fase II clinical trial. Subjects were 24 women with iron deficiency anemia, classified into two groups, who were treated as follows: the first group was consisted of 12 women with iron deficiency anemia, treated with twice-a-day ferrous sulphate tablet @ 300 mg orally, given shortly after meal for 12 weeksthe second group was consisted of 12 women with iron deficiency anemia, treated with twice-a-day ferrous sulphate tablet @ 300 mg orally, given 2 hours after meal for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken in week 2,4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 after treatment. Serum (ferric) iron level was measured with Vitros Fe Slides method. Result: Minimum, maximum, and average steady-state iron levels (Css min, Css max, Css average) of treatment 1 were 108,78:t 13.79 ug/dL, 121 .44:t 15.79 ug/dL, and 115.11 :t 13.13 ug/dL (mean:t SEM), respectivelywhile minimum, maximum, and average steady-state iron levels (Css min, Css max, Css average) of treatment 2 were 115.15 :t 46.27 ug/dL, 141.36:t 61.36 ug/dL, and 124.92:t 53.43 ug/dL (mean:t SEM), respectively. No statistical significant difference were found within treatment in minimum steady-state level between week 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 after treatment. There was also no significant difference in minimum steady-state level between treatment group in week 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. , Conclusion: There were no differences inserum iron level after ingestion of repeated dose of iron shortly after and 2 hours after meal for 12 weeks in women with iron deficiency anemia. Key Words: iron supplementation-serum iron-iron deficiency anemia-steady-state iron leve

Cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) gene expression in ovarian granulose cells of hypothyroid rats induced by propylthiouracil

Thyroid hormones are proven to have a direct effect on granulose cells, luteal cells and oocytesdue to their role in gonadotropin action on steroid hormone production. In vitro study showedthat tiroxine (T4) on granulose cells can stimulate ovarian steroidogenesis. Moreover, highconcentration of triiodothyronine (T3) increases the estradiol secretion and aromatase mRNAexpression. Hypothyroidism influences the cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) gene expression.The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the CYP19 gene in granulosa cells ofhypothyroid rats induced by propylthiouracil (PTU). This was quasi experimental study withpost-test only control group design. Eleven female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into twogroups i.e. five rats as treated group that induced by PTU 0.1 g/L in aquadest for 30 days andcontrol group that not induced by PTU. Blood sample was taken and then T4 blood level wasmeasured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whereas, CYP19 gene expressionin ovarian granulose cells was measured using immunohistochemistry. Unpaired t test was usedto compare the data obtained from treated and control groups. The results showed that T4blood level on treated group (4.02 ± 0.39 ng/dL) was significantly lower than control group(8.08 ± 1.63 ng/dL) (p = 0.000). However, CYP19 gene expression on treated group (30.84 ±8.01%) was not significantly different compare to control group (25.06 ± 6.79%) (p = 0.227).In conclusion, the CYP19 gene expression in ovarian granulose cells of rats is not change afterinduction of PTU 0.1 g/L for 30 days, although the T4 blood level decreases

Efek kurkumin sintesis dan Pentagamavunon-0 terhadap Produksi Progesteron Kultur Sel Luteal dengan Pemberian Forskolin

Curcumin is one of the common traditional medicines that is often used for fertility regulation. Curcumin analogue, pentagamavunon-0/PGV-0, exerted similar effect with curcumin. Synthetic curcumin and PGV-0 possesses molecular structures similar to prostaglandin. It has been reported that luteal cells are able to produce progesterone in vitro by addition of several hormones such as LH and prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?). Stimulation of luteal cell cultures with LH and/or PGF2? in the presence of synthetic curcumin and PGV-0 will interfere with the progesterone production. Nevertheless, the precise site of action of curcumin remains unknown. The present study aims to determine the effect of synthetic curcumin and PGV-0 on the progesterone production by luteal cell cultures in the presence or absence of several known stimulators or inhibitors sucs as LH, PGF2? and forskolin, respectively. The results indicated that synthetic curcumin reduced the progesterone concentration significantly (p0,05) in the luteal cell culture treated with solvent, LH and/or PGF2?, in the presence or absence of forskolin. In the groups treated with PGV-0, and induced with LH and/or PGF2?, the concentration of progesterone did not change significantly (p0,05). Addition of forskolin on the control group resulted in higher progesterone concentration as that of LH. The findings indicated that synthetic curcumin inhibits progesterone production by the luteal cell cultures through the cAMP/PKA/MAP-Kinase signaling cascade, but PGV-0 might have the site of action in the PLC/PKC/MAP-Kinase signaling cascade.

Expression of receptor advanced glycosilation end product (RAGE) and active caspase-3 of the streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetes mellitus Sprague Dawley rats’ sperm with soybean (Glycin max) powder suspension treatment

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects all the process of spermatogenesis. Chronic hyperglycemia in DM increases the expression of receptor for advanced glycosilation end products (RAGE) that is responsible for the activation of signal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase 3. Active caspase 3 plays an important role in cell apoptosis. Soybean (Glycin max) is reported to have antihyperglycemic and antiadvanced glycosilation end products (antiAGE) and antioxidants activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean powder suspension on the expression of RAGE and active caspase 3 of diabetic rats’ sperm. This was an experimental study with post test only control group design using 30 male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 11-12 weeks old and weighed 200-250g. The rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group. Group 1 was non diabetic rats and  Group 2 was diabetic rats that were given aquadest. Group 3-5 were diabetic rats that were given a soybean powder suspension at dose of 400; 800 and 1600 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day, respectively. Diabetic rats were made by induction of a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg BW. Soybean powder suspension was ingested for four weeks after 14 days STZ induction. Blood glucose levels were monitored before and three days after STZ induction and four weeks after suspension ingestion. The expression of RAGE and active caspase-3 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry method four weeks after suspension ingestion. The results showed that soybean powder suspension ingestion significantly decreased blood glucose level of diabetic rats toward normality (p<0.05). However, the expression of RAGE and active caspase-3 in diabetic rats’ sperm were not significantly lower than those after suspension ingestion. In conclusion, soybean powder suspension does not significantly affect the expression of RAGE and active caspase-3 in diabetic rats’ sperm

Efek Pentagamavunon-0 terhadap Konsentrasi cAMP dan Progesteron pada Kultur Sel Luteal yang mengandung Teofilin

Curcumin analog (Pentagamavunon-0/PGV-0) can inhibit steroidogenesis of luteal cell culture. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone by LH stimulation. The main transduction signal of luteal cells steroidogenesis is through the cAMP/PKA. The objective of this study was to know the effect of PGV-0 on cAMP and progesterone concentration of luteal cell culture containing theophylline. The subject was corpus luteum of rat Sprague Dawley strain induced with PMSG (10 IU). PGV-0 was given shortly after the stimulation of LH and or PGF2? with or without theophyline. The cell culture then put into the incubator for 24 hours. Concentration of cAMP was assessed by ELISA whereas the progesterone concentration was determined by RIA. The result showed that LH stimulation caused cAMP and progesterone increase significantly. The inhibition of PGF2? on cAMP and progesterone concentrations showed no significant difference compared to the control. Theophylline increased the cAMP and progesterone concentration significantly but not to LH stimulation. PGV-0 did not inhibit cAMP concentration but PGV-0 inhibited the progesterone concentration by LH stimulation. In conclusion, PGV-0 inhibits signal transduction of lutheal cell in down stream cAMP

Pengaruh Kurkumin pada Kultur Sel Luteal Tikus yang mengandung Teofilin terhadap Kadar cAMP dan Progesteron

Senyawa kurkumin dapat menghambat steroidogenesis kultur sel luteal dengan menghambat sekresi progesteron. Letak kerja kurkumin pada steroidogenesis kultur sel luteal belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kurkumin terhadap kadar cAMP dan kadar progesteron pada steroidogenesis kultur sel luteal dengan penambahan teofilin. Subyek penelitian adalah korpus luteum tikus Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi dengan PMSG. Kurkumin diberikan sesaat setelah stimulasi LH dan atau PGF2a dengan dan tanpa penambahan teofilin. Kemudian kultur sel diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Konsentrasi cAMP diukur dengan metode ELISA sedangkam konsentrasi progesteron diukur dengan metode RIA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LH meningkatkan cAMP dan kadar progesteron secara bermakna, sedangkan PGF2a mengurangi kadar cAMP dan kadar progesteron secara tidak bermakna. Teofilin meningkatkan kadar cAMP dan kadar progesteron secara bermakna dan hampir sama dengan stimulasi LH. Kurkumin menghambat kadar cAMP oleh LH maupun teofilin. Disimpulkan bahwa kurkumin menghambat kadar cAMP dan kadar progesteron pada kultur sel luteal dengan cara menekan transduksi sinyal di up stream cAMP