60 research outputs found

    ISSR como uma ferramenta para apoiar decisões taxonômicas: uma abordagem preliminar para complexos de espécies em Chascolytrum (Poaceae)

    Get PDF
    Chascolytrum Desv. is a South American grass genus, with extension up to Central America, which presents several taxonomic controversies concerning genera and species circumscriptions. Morphological studies were not able to provide robust elements for taxonomic decisions in some species complexes. It was the case of Chascolytrum subaristatum and morphological allies, and of Chascolytrum rufum plus the acceptance (or rejection) of two varieties. In order to provide additional elements for taxonomic decisions in these species complexes, it was performed a preliminary survey using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Nine primers were used to build similarity dendrograms, and 25 collections  were included, analysed in two separated complexes. ISSR were able to separate the two varieties of Chascolytrum rufum, supporting their acceptance. Two species recently described could be clearly separated from their morphologically related taxa, but the species Briza erecta, Briza macrostachya and Chascolytrum subaristatum, as well as Briza subaristata var. interrupta, could not be separated, adding elements to the synonymization of these three taxa under Chascolytrum ubaristatum. The ISSR contributed to solving some controversies on genus Chascolytrum, but its use as an exclusive species-marker is limited in this genus due to high band polymorphism.Chascolytrum Desv. é um gênero sul-americano de gramíneas, com extensão da distribuição até a América Central, o qual apresenta diversas controvérsias taxonômicas com relação à circunscrição de gêneros e espécies. Estudos morfológicos não foram capazes de fornecer elementos robustos para a tomada de decisões taxonômicas em relação a alguns complexos de espécies. Esse foi o caso de Chascolytrum subaristatum e espécies morfologicamente afins, e de Chascolytrum rufum com relação à aceitação (ou rejeição) de duas variedades. Para fornecer elementos adicionais para decisões taxonômicas nesses complexos de espécies, foi realizado um estudo preliminar utilizando marcadores do tipo Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). Foram utilizados nove primers para construir dendrogramas de similaridade, e 25 coletas foram incluídas, analisadas em dois complexos distintos. Os marcadores ISSR foram capazes de separar as duas variedades de Chascolytrum rufum, apoiando a aceitação das mesmas. Duas espécies recentemente descritas puderam ser claramente separadas de seus táxons morfologicamente relacionados, porém as espécies Briza erecta, Briza macrostachya e Chascolytrum subaristatum, bem como Briza subaristata var. interrupta, não foram discriminadas nos dendrogramas, o que adiciona elementos para justificar a sinonimização desses três táxons sob Chascolytrum subaristatum. Os ISSR contribuíram para a resolução de algumas ontrovérsias taxonômicas no gênero Chascolytrum, mas seu uso como um marcador para espécies é limitado no gênero devido ao alto polimorfismo de bandas

    Insights into Chloroplast genome evolution across Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) reveals robust yet sometimes conflicting phylogenetic topologies

    Get PDF
    Chloroplast genomes (plastomes) are frequently treated as highly conserved among land plants. However, many lineages of vascular plants have experienced extensive structural rearrangements, including inversions and modifications to the size and content of genes. Cacti are one of these lineages, containing the smallest plastome known for an obligately photosynthetic angiosperm, including the loss of one copy of the inverted repeat (∼25 kb) and the ndh gene suite, but only a few cacti from the subfamily Cactoideae have been sufficiently characterized. Here, we investigated the variation of plastome sequences across the second-major lineage of the Cactaceae, the subfamily Opuntioideae, to address (1) how variable is the content and arrangement of chloroplast genome sequences across the subfamily, and (2) how phylogenetically informative are the plastome sequences for resolving major relationships among the clades of Opuntioideae. Our de novo assembly of the Opuntia quimilo plastome recovered an organelle of 150,347 bp in length with both copies of the inverted repeat and the presence of all the ndh gene suite. An expansion of the large single copy unit and a reduction of the small single copy unit was observed, including translocations and inversion of genes, as well as the putative pseudogenization of some loci. Comparative analyses among all clades within Opuntioideae suggested that plastome structure and content vary across taxa of this subfamily, with putative independent losses of the ndh gene suite and pseudogenization of genes across disparate lineages, further demonstrating the dynamic nature of plastomes in Cactaceae. Our plastome dataset was robust in resolving three tribes with high support within Opuntioideae: Cylindropuntieae, Tephrocacteae and Opuntieae. However, conflicting topologies were recovered among major clades when exploring different assemblies of markers. A plastome-wide survey for highly informative phylogenetic markers revealed previously unused regions for future use in Sanger-based studies, presenting a valuable dataset with primers designed for continued evolutionary studies across Cactaceae. These results bring new insights into the evolution of plastomes in cacti, suggesting that further analyses should be carried out to address how ecological drivers, physiological constraints and morphological traits of cacti may be related with the common rearrangements in plastomes that have been reported across the family
    corecore