Tolerância ao calor em cavalos Pantaneiros sob diferentes regimes de exercício

The objective of this work was to determine how different types of gait affect the physiological and thermographic responses of Pantaneiro horses (Equus ferus caballus) subjected to field conditions under high environmental temperatures. Ten horses were evaluated in a double 5x5 Latin square experimental design, with five gait types: walk, trot, extended trot, gallop, and extended gallop. The following physiological measures were determined immediately after exercise: heart and respiratory rates, blood lactate content, and rectal temperature. Body surface temperatures were evaluated using an infrared camera. The walk, trot, and extended trot were the most adequate gaits for Pantaneiro horses to maintain thermoregulation within the physiological norms under conditions with a high air temperature. The temperatures obtained in the eye and elbow regions show the best predictive capacity for physiological parameters.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar como os diferentes tipos de andamento afetam as respostas fisiológicas e termográficas de cavalos Pantaneiro (Equus ferus caballus) submetidos a condições ambientais com alta temperatura. Dez cavalos foram avaliados em delineamento experimental de quadrado latino 5x5 duplo, com cinco andamentos: passo, trote, trote estendido, galope e galope estendido. As seguintes medidas fisiológicas foram determinadas logo após os exercícios: taxas cardíaca e respiratória, teor de lactato sanguíneo e temperatura retal. As imagens termográficas foram avaliadas por meio de câmera de infravermelho. O passo, o trote e o trote estendido foram os andamentos mais adequados para os cavalos Pantaneiros manterem a termorregulação dentro das normas fisiológicas em condições de alta temperatura do ar. As temperaturas obtidas nas regiões da área do olho e da axila mostram maior capacidade preditiva para os parâmetros fisiológicos

Factors affecting the performance of Pantaneiro horses

This study aimed to assess the physical performance of Pantaneiro horses with and without equine infectious anemia (EIA) under functional conditions of cattle management. The horses were subjected to a performance test and split into two groups according to a completely randomized design: animals were chosen from populations testing positive and negative for EIA. Performance was measured as a function of a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering four outputs and one unitary input. The output measures were the distance achieved in the performance test, hematocrit as a weighted average over the test duration, respiratory rate as weighted average over the test duration, and the level of lactic acid at the test termination. Weights for the hematocrit and the respiratory rate output variables were determined by means of factor analysis. The performance score was a weighted average of the output variables with the weights defined by the averages of the optimum individual multipliers in the DEA analysis. Contextual variables of interest were age, horse weight, room temperature, and corporal temperature. Only groups and room temperature were statistically significant effects, as indicated by a bootstrap analysis. The performance of group positive for EIA is significantly lower than that of the group negative for EIA and room temperature has a negative effect.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Factors affecting the performance of Pantaneiro horses

This study aimed to assess the physical performance of Pantaneiro horses with and without equine infectious anemia (EIA) under functional conditions of cattle management. The horses were subjected to a performance test and split into two groups according to a completely randomized design: animals were chosen from populations testing positive and negative for EIA. Performance was measured as a function of a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering four outputs and one unitary input. The output measures were the distance achieved in the performance test, hematocrit as a weighted average over the test duration, respiratory rate as weighted average over the test duration, and the level of lactic acid at the test termination. Weights for the hematocrit and the respiratory rate output variables were determined by means of factor analysis. The performance score was a weighted average of the output variables with the weights defined by the averages of the optimum individual multipliers in the DEA analysis. Contextual variables of interest were age, horse weight, room temperature, and corporal temperature. Only groups and room temperature were statistically significant effects, as indicated by a bootstrap analysis. The performance of group positive for EIA is significantly lower than that of the group negative for EIA and room temperature has a negative effect.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Validação de um protocolo de treinamento para provas de Marcha da raça Mangalarga Marchador

The Mangalarga Marchador breed is functionally evaluated through marcha contests. The present research aimed to verify the efficacy of a training protocol for conditioning Mangalarga Marchador horses for marcha contests. Eight mares were used in a completely randomized block split-plot design, where each animal was a block, the physical tests (T I, T II, T III, T IV and T V) every 21 days of training were the plots, and the time of evaluation and collection of samples inside each test were the split-plots. The mares were trained for 84 days for one hour a day, five days a week, with rest on Saturdays and Sundays. On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, the animals warmed up in an oval track by walking for 10 minutes and then marching for a period established individually through a marcha test. Next, the animals were led in walk gait until an hour of exercise was completed. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, the animals were trained outdoors for one hour only walking. The tests consisted of successive 10 minutes stages at marcha, which was interrupted when heart rate reached 150 beats per minute and lactate levels were greater than 4 mmol/L, or after 70 min of the test. Marcha duration, heart rate and blood concentrations of lactate were evaluated. The results were submitted to an analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Fisher’s test at 5% probability. From zero at nine weeks of training, marcha duration increased progressively (p 0.05) between nine and 12 weeks of training. The training protocol used was appropriate to condition Mangalarga Marchador equines to compete in marcha contests following the rules of Brazilian Association of Mangalarga Marchador Breeders.A raça Mangalarga Marchador é avaliada funcionalmente através das provas de marcha. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia de um protocolo de treinamento para condicionar equinos Mangalarga Marchador visando participação em provas de marcha. Foram utilizadas oito éguas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com esquema de parcelas subdivididas, onde cada animal constituiu um bloco, as parcelas foram representadas pelos testes físicos (T I, T II, T III, T IV e T V) realizados a cada 21 dias do treinamento e as subparcelas foram constituídas pelos tempos de avaliação e coletas de amostras em cada teste. As éguas foram treinadas durante 84 dias, uma hora por dia, cinco dias por semana, com descanso aos sábados e domingos. Nas segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras, os animais realizavam 10 minutos de aquecimento ao passo em uma pista oval, em seguida marchavam por um tempo individual de marcha, estabelecido em um teste prévio. Depois, caminhavam até completar uma hora de exercício. Na terças e quintas-feiras eram montadas ao passo por uma hora. Os testes foram formados por etapas sucessivas de 10 minutos de marcha, sendo interrompido quando a frequência cardíaca atingia 150 batimentos por minuto e a concentração de lactato era maior que 4mmol/L ou a prova atingisse 70 minutos de duração. Avaliou-se o tempo de marcha, frequência cardíaca e concentração sanguínea de lactato. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Fisher a 5% de probabilidade. De zero a nove semanas de treinamento, o tempo de marcha aumentou progressivamente (p 0,05) entre nove e doze semanas de treinamento. O protocolo de treinamento adotado foi adequado para condicionar equinos Mangalarga Marchador para competir em uma prova de marcha realizada de acordo com a regulamentação da Associação Brasileira de Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador.Fil: Abrantes, Renata Guimarães Pequeno. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Rezende, Adalgiza Souza Carneiro de . Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Santiago, Juliano Martins. Universidade Federal Rural Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Trigo, Pablo Ignacio. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Melo, Marília Martins. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Fonseca, Mayara Gonçalves. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Lage, Jéssica. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Moreira, Dalton Colares de Araújo. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasi

Anemia infecciosa equina afeta o desempenho atlético de equinos da região do Pantanal brasileiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of equine infectious anemia (EIA) on the physical performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region. A total of 16 males were evaluated, divided into two groups: 8 seronegative (G1) and 8 seropositive (G2) for EIA. Two graded exercise tests were carried out before (T1) and after (T2) 42 days of training. Heart rate, lactate concentration, distance covered, and hematocrit level were recorded. In both tests, G1 covered a greater distance. In T2, G2 had lower hematocrit levels and lower speeds reached at different lactate concentrations and heart rates. The athletic performance of the evaluated equines is affected by equine infectious anemia.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) no desempenho físico de equinos da região do Pantanal brasileiro. Foram avaliados 16 machos, divididos em dois grupos: 8 soronegativos (G1) e 8 soropositivos (G2) para AIE. Dois testes de esforço progressivo foram realizados, antes (T1) e após (T2) 42 dias de treinamento. Foram registrados frequência cardíaca, concentração de lactato, distância percorrida e níveis de hematócrito. Em ambos os testes, o G1 percorreu uma distância maior. No T2, o G2 apresentou menores níveis de hematócrito e menor velocidade obtida a diferentes concentrações de lactato e frequências cardíacas. O desempenho atlético dos equídeos avaliados é afetado pela anemia infecciosa equina.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Anemia infecciosa equina afeta o desempenho atlético de equinos da região do Pantanal brasileiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of equine infectious anemia (EIA) on the physical performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region. A total of 16 males were evaluated, divided into two groups: 8 seronegative (G1) and 8 seropositive (G2) for EIA. Two graded exercise tests were carried out before (T1) and after (T2) 42 days of training. Heart rate, lactate concentration, distance covered, and hematocrit level were recorded. In both tests, G1 covered a greater distance. In T2, G2 had lower hematocrit levels and lower speeds reached at different lactate concentrations and heart rates. The athletic performance of the evaluated equines is affected by equine infectious anemia.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) no desempenho físico de equinos da região do Pantanal brasileiro. Foram avaliados 16 machos, divididos em dois grupos: 8 soronegativos (G1) e 8 soropositivos (G2) para AIE. Dois testes de esforço progressivo foram realizados, antes (T1) e após (T2) 42 dias de treinamento. Foram registrados frequência cardíaca, concentração de lactato, distância percorrida e níveis de hematócrito. Em ambos os testes, o G1 percorreu uma distância maior. No T2, o G2 apresentou menores níveis de hematócrito e menor velocidade obtida a diferentes concentrações de lactato e frequências cardíacas. O desempenho atlético dos equídeos avaliados é afetado pela anemia infecciosa equina.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Anemia infecciosa equina afeta o desempenho atlético de equinos da região do Pantanal brasileiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of equine infectious anemia (EIA) on the physical performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region. A total of 16 males were evaluated, divided into two groups: 8 seronegative (G1) and 8 seropositive (G2) for EIA. Two graded exercise tests were carried out before (T1) and after (T2) 42 days of training. Heart rate, lactate concentration, distance covered, and hematocrit level were recorded. In both tests, G1 covered a greater distance. In T2, G2 had lower hematocrit levels and lower speeds reached at different lactate concentrations and heart rates. The athletic performance of the evaluated equines is affected by equine infectious anemia.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) no desempenho físico de equinos da região do Pantanal brasileiro. Foram avaliados 16 machos, divididos em dois grupos: 8 soronegativos (G1) e 8 soropositivos (G2) para AIE. Dois testes de esforço progressivo foram realizados, antes (T1) e após (T2) 42 dias de treinamento. Foram registrados frequência cardíaca, concentração de lactato, distância percorrida e níveis de hematócrito. Em ambos os testes, o G1 percorreu uma distância maior. No T2, o G2 apresentou menores níveis de hematócrito e menor velocidade obtida a diferentes concentrações de lactato e frequências cardíacas. O desempenho atlético dos equídeos avaliados é afetado pela anemia infecciosa equina

Effects of supplementation with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and aerobic training on physical performance of Mangalarga Marchador mares

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the performance of Mangalarga Marchador equines and to verify the effectiveness of the aerobic training protocol adopted. The study used 14 Mangalarga Marchador mares in a completely randomized split-plot design. The plots were made up of two treatments (groups Probiotic and Control) and the split plots comprised two maximal-effort physical tests applied both before and after the six weeks of training. The animals’ spirometric parameters, heart rate, and plasma lactate levels were assessed. No difference was found between the Probiotic and Control groups in any of the parameters assessed. A difference was found in the physical tests for time-to-fatigue, aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, speed at which plasma lactate levels reached 2 and 4 mmol/L, speed at which the heart rate reached 200 bpm, and the lactate level at 30 min of the recovery period. Supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae has no effect on physical conditioning of Mangalarga Marchador mares and the aerobic training protocol adopted increases the animals’ aerobic and anaerobic capacity.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Validação de um protocolo de treinamento para provas de Marcha da raça Mangalarga Marchador

The Mangalarga Marchador breed is functionally evaluated through marcha contests. The present research aimed to verify the efficacy of a training protocol for conditioning Mangalarga Marchador horses for marcha contests. Eight mares were used in a completely randomized block split-plot design, where each animal was a block, the physical tests (T I, T II, T III, T IV and T V) every 21 days of training were the plots, and the time of evaluation and collection of samples inside each test were the split-plots. The mares were trained for 84 days for one hour a day, five days a week, with rest on Saturdays and Sundays. On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, the animals warmed up in an oval track by walking for 10 minutes and then marching for a period established individually through a marcha test. Next, the animals were led in walk gait until an hour of exercise was completed. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, the animals were trained outdoors for one hour only walking. The tests consisted of successive 10 minutes stages at marcha, which was interrupted when heart rate reached 150 beats per minute and lactate levels were greater than 4 mmol/L, or after 70 min of the test. Marcha duration, heart rate and blood concentrations of lactate were evaluated. The results were submitted to an analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Fisher’s test at 5% probability. From zero at nine weeks of training, marcha duration increased progressively (p 0.05) between nine and 12 weeks of training. The training protocol used was appropriate to condition Mangalarga Marchador equines to compete in marcha contests following the rules of Brazilian Association of Mangalarga Marchador Breeders.A raça Mangalarga Marchador é avaliada funcionalmente através das provas de marcha. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia de um protocolo de treinamento para condicionar equinos Mangalarga Marchador visando participação em provas de marcha. Foram utilizadas oito éguas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com esquema de parcelas subdivididas, onde cada animal constituiu um bloco, as parcelas foram representadas pelos testes físicos (T I, T II, T III, T IV e T V) realizados a cada 21 dias do treinamento e as subparcelas foram constituídas pelos tempos de avaliação e coletas de amostras em cada teste. As éguas foram treinadas durante 84 dias, uma hora por dia, cinco dias por semana, com descanso aos sábados e domingos. Nas segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras, os animais realizavam 10 minutos de aquecimento ao passo em uma pista oval, em seguida marchavam por um tempo individual de marcha, estabelecido em um teste prévio. Depois, caminhavam até completar uma hora de exercício. Na terças e quintas-feiras eram montadas ao passo por uma hora. Os testes foram formados por etapas sucessivas de 10 minutos de marcha, sendo interrompido quando a frequência cardíaca atingia 150 batimentos por minuto e a concentração de lactato era maior que 4mmol/L ou a prova atingisse 70 minutos de duração. Avaliou-se o tempo de marcha, frequência cardíaca e concentração sanguínea de lactato. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Fisher a 5% de probabilidade. De zero a nove semanas de treinamento, o tempo de marcha aumentou progressivamente (p 0,05) entre nove e doze semanas de treinamento. O protocolo de treinamento adotado foi adequado para condicionar equinos Mangalarga Marchador para competir em uma prova de marcha realizada de acordo com a regulamentação da Associação Brasileira de Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador.Instituto de Genética Veterinari