ATM optical contamination study - Reaction control system rocket engine space plume flow fields Interim report

Apollo telescopic experiment contamination by space vehicle exhaust product

CP asymmetries in chargino production and decay: the three-body decay case

We study CP violation in chargino production and decay in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with complex parameters at an e^+ e^- linear collider with longitudinally polarized beams. We investigate CP-sensitive asymmetries by means of triple product correlations and study their dependence on the complex parameters M_1 and mu. We give numerical predictions for the asymmetries and their measurability at the future International Linear Collider. Our results show that the CP asymmetries can be measured in a large region of the MSSM parameter space.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, 8 figures; v2: structural changes and references added, main conclusions unchanged, published versio

Effects of Lepton Flavour Violation on Chargino Production at the Linear Collider

We study the effects of lepton flavour violation (LFV) on the production processes e+e- --> \chi+_i \chi-_j at a linear collider with longitudinal e+ and e- beam polarizations. In the case of LFV the sneutrino mass eigenstates have no definite flavour, therefore, in the t-channel more than one sneutrino mass eigenstate can contribute to the chargino production cross sections. Our framework is the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) including LFV terms. We show that in spite of the restrictions on the LFV parameters due to the current limits on rare lepton decays, the cross section \sigma(e+e- --> \chi+_1 \chi-_1) can change by a factor of 2 or more when varying the LFV mixing angles. We point out that even if the present bound on BR(tau- --> e- gamma) improves by a factor of thousand the influence of LFV on the chargino production cross section can be significant. These results could have an important impact on the strategies for determining the underlying model parameters at the linear collider.Comment: 11pp; final version for JHE

Nitrate Reductase And Glutamine Synthetase Activities In S1 Endogamic Families Of The Maize Populations Sol Da Manhã Nf And Catetão

The possibility of improving nitrogen use efficiency in maize was investigated using S1 endogamic families of the populations Sol da Manhã NF and Catetão. A simple 10 × 10 lattice design was adopted and the trials carried out at the experimental field of MITLA AGRÍCOLA LTDA, in Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, during the 1994/95 planting season. Based on grain production figures, the three best and three worst performing S1 endogamic families were selected for this study. These were pooled to form four sub-populations denominated NFB, NFR (the best and worst families, respectively, of the Sol da Manhã NF variety), CATB and CATR (the best and worst families, respectively, of the Catetão variety). Each of these sub-populations was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was factorial with treatments arranged in randomized blocks. Sample replicates consisted of pots with four plants. Feeding with modified Hoagland's nutrient solution began on the seventh day after sowing. The study involved four nitrogen regimes, where varying proportions of NO3 - and NH4 + were formulated, such that the nutrient solution contained the following mixtures: 75% NO3 -: 25% NH4 +; 25% NO3 -: 75% NH4 +; 50% NO3 -: 50% NH4 + (all high N mixtures) and 5% NO3 -: 5% NH4 + (low N mixture). Twenty-five days after planting, the activities of the enzymes nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase (transferase and synthetase assays) were determined for the leaves using the third topmost expanded leaf of the four plants in each pot. The data show that glutamine synthetase (transferase assay) and nitrate reductase activities were efficient in discriminating the S1 endogamic families and could therefore be useful biochemical parameters in breeding programs seeking nitrogen use efficiency.13188102Alfoldi, Z., Pinter, L., Feil, B., Accumulation and partitioning of biomass and soluble carbohydrates in maize seedlings as affected by source of nitrogen, nitrogen concentration and cultivar (1992) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 15, pp. 2567-2583Balko, L.G., Russel, W.A., Effects of rates of nitrogen fertilizer on maize inbred lines and hybrid progeny-I. Prediction of yield response (1980) Maydica, 25, pp. 65-79Balko, L.G., Russel, W.A., Effects of rates of nitrogen fertilizer on maize inbred lines and hybrid progeny. II. Correlations among agronomic traits (1980) Maydica, 25, pp. 81-94Bänziger, M., Lafitte, H.R., Edmeades, G.O., Intergenotypic competition during evaluation of maize progenies under limited and adequate N supply (1995) Field Crops Research, 44, pp. 25-31Below, F.E., Gentry, L.E., Maize productivity as influenced by mixed nitrogen supplied before or after anthesis (1992) Crop Science, 32, pp. 163-168Beuchamp, E.G., Kannenberg, L.W., Hunter, R.B., Nitrogen accumulation and translocation in crop genotypes following silking (1976) Agronomy Journal, 68, pp. 418-422Cacco, G., Ferrari, G., Saccomani, M., Genetic variability of the efficiency of nutrient utilization by maize (Zea mays L.) (1983) Genetic aspects of plant nutrition, pp. 435-439. , SARIC, M.R. & LAUGHMAN, B.C. (Eds.) Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The HagueChevalier, P., Schrader, L.E., Genotypic differences in nitrate absorption and partitioning of N among plant parts in maize (1977) Crop Science, 17, pp. 897-901Cregan, P.B., Van Berkum, P., Genetics of nitrogen metabolism and physiological/biochemical selection for increased grain crop productivity (1984) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 67, pp. 97-111Eghball, B., Maranville, J.W., Root development and nitrogen influx of corn genotypes grown under combined water and nitrogen stress (1993) Agronomy Journal, 85, pp. 147-152Eichelberger, K.D., Lambert, R.J., Below, F.E., Hageman, R.H., Divergent phenotypic recurrent selection for nitrate reductase activity in maize. I. Selection and correlated responses (1989) Crop Science, 29, pp. 1393-1397Eichelberger, K.D., Lambert, R.J., Below, F.E., Hageman, R.H., Divergent phenotypic recurrent selection for nitrate reductase activity in maize. II. Efficient use of fertilizer nitrogen (1989) Crop Science, 29, pp. 1398-1402Feil, B., Thiraporn, R., Stamp, P., In vitro nitrate reductase activity of laboratory-grown seedlings as an indirect selection criterion for maize (1993) Crop Science, 33, pp. 1280-1286Ferguson, A.R., Sims, A.P.A., Inactivation in vivo of glutamine synthetase and NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase, its role in the regulation of glutamine synthesis in yeasts (1971) Journal of General Microbiology, 69, pp. 423-427Fernandes, M.S., Rossielo, O.P., Nitrogen mineral in plant physiology and plant nutrition (1995) Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 14, pp. 111-148Gentry, L.E., Below, F.E., Maize productivity as influenced by form and availability of nitrogen (1993) Crop Science, 33, pp. 491-497Hageman, R.H., Lambert, R.J., The use of physiological traits for corn improvement (1998) Corn and Corn Improvement. 3 ed., pp. 431-461. , SPRAGUE, G.F. (Ed.) American Society of Agronomy, MadisonJackson, W.A., Volk, R.J., Morgan, M.A., Pan, W.L., Teyker, R.H., Nitrogen uptake and partitioning by roots (1986) Proceeding of the First Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology, pp. 83-104. , SHANNON, J.C.KNIEVEL, D.P. & BOYER, C.D. (Eds.) American Society of Plant Physiology, BaltimoreJelenic, D., Sukalovic, H.T., The effect of nitrogen on the activity of some enzymes of nitrogen metabolism during ontogenesis of maize kernel hybrids (1983) Genetic aspects of plant nutrition, pp. 237-242. , SARIC, M.R. & LAUGHMAN, B.C. (Eds.) Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The HagueKamprath, E.J., Moll, R.H., Rodrigues, N., Effects of nitrogen fertilization and recurrent selection on performance of hybrid population of corn (1982) Agronomy Journal, 74, pp. 955-958Lafitte, H.R., Edmeades, G.O., Improvement for tolerance to low soil nitrogen in tropical maize. I. Selection criteria (1994) Field Crops Research, 39, pp. 1-14Lafitte, H.R., Edmeades, G.O., Association between traits in tropical maize inbred lines and their hybrids under high and low soil nitrogen (1995) Maydica, 40, pp. 259-267Li, X.Z., Dawn, L.E., Clibertic, M., Oaks, A., Effect of glutamine on the induction of nitrate reductase (1995) Physiologia Plantarum, 93, pp. 740-744Machado, A.T., (1997) Perspectiva do melhoramento genético em milho (Zea mays L.) visando eficiência na utilização do nitrogênio, , Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 219p. Tese de DoutoradoMachado, A.T., Magalhães, J.R., Magnavaca, R., Silva, M.R., Determinação da atividade de enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo do nitrogênio em diferentes genótipos de milho (1992) Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, 4, pp. 45-47Machado, A.T., Magalhães, J.R., Melhoramento de milho para uso eficiente de nitrogênio sob condições de estresse (1995) Anais..., pp. 321-342. , SIMPÓSIO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE ESTRESSE AMBIENTAL: O MILHO EM PERSPECTIVA, 1992. Belo Horizonte. Sete Lagoas: EMBRAPA/CNPMSMagalhães, J.R., Huber, D.M., Growth and ammonium assimilation enzyme activity in response to nitrogen forms and pH control (1989) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 12, pp. 985-996Magalhães, J.R., Huber, D.M., Ammonium assimilation in different plant species as affected by nitrogen form and pH control in solution culture (1989) Fertilizer Research, 21, pp. 1-6Magalhães, J.R., Huber, D.M., Responses of ammonium assimilation enzymes to nitrogen treatments in different plant species (1991) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 14, pp. 175-185Magalhães, J.R., Fernandes, M.S., Absorção e metabolismo do nitrogênio sob condições de stress (1993) Anais..., pp. 249-266. , SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE NITROGÊNIO EM PLANTAS, 1., Rio de Janeiro, 1990. Rio de Janeiro: UFRRJMagalhães, J.R., Machado, A.T., Fernandes, M.S., Silveira, J.A.G., Nitrogen assimilation efficiency in maize genotypes under ammonia stress (1993) Revista Brasileira Fisiologia Vegetal, 5, pp. 163-166Magalhães, J.R., Machado, A.T., Biochemical parameters selecting maize for nitrogen assimilation efficiency under stress conditions (1995) Anais..., pp. 345-367. , SIMPÓSIO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE ESTRESSE AMBIENTAL: O MILHO EM PERSPECTIVA, 1992. Belo Horizonte. Sere Lagoas: EMBRAPA/CNPMSMolaretti, G., Bosio, M., Gentinetta, E., Motto, M., Genotypic variability for N-related traits in maize. Identification of inbred lines with high or low levels of NO3-N in the stalks (1987) Maydica, 32, pp. 309-323Moll, R.H., Kamprath, E.J., Effects of population density upon agrononic traits associated with genetic increases in yield of Zea mays L. (1977) Agronomy Journal, 69, pp. 81-85Moll, R.H., Jackson, A., Mikkelsen, A., Recurrent selection for maize grain yield: Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning changes (1994) Crop Science, 34, pp. 874-881Mori, T.E.S., (1981) Metabolismo do nitrogênio durante a fase do desenvolvimento reprodutivo da soja, , Campinas: UNICAMP/Biologia Vegetal. 94p. Tese de MestradoMurulli, B.I., Paulsen, G.M., Improvement of nitrogen use efficiency and its relationship to other traits in maize (1981) Maydica, 26, pp. 63-73Pan, W.L., Kamprath, E.J., Moll, R.H., Jackson, W.A., Prolificacy in corn: Its effects on nitrate and ammonium uptake and utilization (1984) Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48, pp. 1101-1106Paterniani, E., Maize breeding in the tropics (1990) Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 9, pp. 125-154Pollmer, W.G., Eberhard, D., Klein, D., Dhillon, B.S., Genetic control of nitrogen uptake and translocation in maize (1979) Crop Science, 19, pp. 82-86Reed, A.J., Below, F.E., Hageman, R.H., Grain protein accumulation and the relationship between leaf nitrate reductase and protease activities during grain development in maize (Zea mays L.) (1980) Plant Physiology, 66, pp. 1179-1183Rhodes, D., Rendon, G.A., Stewart, G.R., The control of glutamine synthetase level in Lemna minor L. (1975) Planta, 125, pp. 201-211Rizzi, E., Balconi, C., Morselli, A., Motto, M., Genotypic variation and relationships among N-related traits in maize hybrid progenies (1995) Maydica, 40, pp. 253-258Salsac, L., Chaillou, S., Morot-Gaudry, J.F., Leisant, C., Jolivet, E., Nitrate and ammonium nutrition in plants (1987) Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 25, pp. 805-812Sherrard, J.H., Lambert, R.J., Messmer, N.J., Bellow, F.E., Hageman, H., Plant breeding for efficient plant use of nitrogen (1984) Nitrogen in Crop Production, pp. 363-378. , HAUCK, R.D. (Ed.) ASA/CSSA/SSSA, MadisonSherrard, J.H., Lambert, R.J., Below, F.E., Dunand, R.T., Messmer, M.J., Willman, M.R., Winklels, C.S., Hageman, R.H., Use of physiological traits, especially those nitrogen metabolism, for selection in maize (1986) Biochemical Basis of Plant Breeding, pp. 109-130. , NEYRA, C.D. (Ed.) Boca Raton: CRCSmiciklas, K.D., Below, F.E., Role of nitrogen form in determining yield of field-grown maize (1992) Crop Science, 32, pp. 1220-1225Sodek, L., Mecanismos bioquímicos de enchimento de grãos em leguminosas (1989) Anais..., 1989, pp. 115-121. , REUNIÃO BRASILEIRA DE FISIOLOGIA VEGETAL, 2., Piracicaba. Piracicaba: SBFV/ESALQTsai, C.Y., Huber, D.M., Glover, D.V., Warren, W.L., Relationship of N deposition to grain yield and N response of three maize hybrids (1984) Crop Science, 24, pp. 277-28

Effect of salt on the growth and metabolism of Glycine max

Soybean plants cultivated with 50, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl, revealed that root growth was less affected by salinity than shoots. Salinity led to a reduction in leaf area and an increase in water content of the roots. These factors could contribute to the adaptation of the plant, improving its hydration. Although nitrate and free amino acid levels were reduced by salt treatment in roots, protein content of leaves was not altered. Salinity led to alterations in xylem amino acid composition, with increases in Ser, Ala, Gaba and Pro and a decrease in Asn. Similar changes were seen for Asn and Ser in roots together with a much stronger increase in Gaba. It is suggested that the decline in Asn reflects its conversion to Ala and Gaba (via Glu) in the roots while the increase in Pro and Gaba could be related to the adaptation of the plant to salinity.80981

Effect of gustatory stimulation on endurance performance

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ingestion of an energy-free aspartame beverage (ASP) (99 mg aspartame/L) would influence endurance performance relative to a water (WAT) trial. Nine trained male cyclists underwent two cycle ergometer trials to exhaustion at 75% VO2 max. Experimental beverages were ingested every 15 minutes beginning 45 minutes prior to cycling. Mean (± SD) exercise times to exhaustion were 100 ± 28 minutes for the ASP trial and 99 ± 34 minutes for the WAT trial (p>.05). Respiratory exchange ratio and heart rate did not differ in response to the treatment condition. Ratings of perceived exertion were significantly elevated in the ASP trial but only at the initiation of exercise. It was concluded that the ASP beverage did not impair endurance performance relative to WAT

CP sensitive observables in chargino production with transverse e±e^{\pm} beam polarization

We consider the process e^+e^-\to\ti\chi^+_i\ti\chi^-_j at a linear collider with transverse $e^{\pm}$ beam polarization. We investigate the influence of the CP phases on azimuthal asymmetries in e^+e^-\to\ti\chi^+_i\ti\chi^-_j with subsequent two-body decays \ti\chi^-_j\to \ti\nu_{\ell}\ell^- and \ti\chi^-_j\to W^-\ti\chi^0_1. We show that triple product correlations involving the transverse $e^{\pm}$ beam polarization vanish if at least one subsequent chargino decay is not observed. We derive this result within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with complex parameters, however, it holds also in the general MSSM with SUSY flavour violation.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure

Test of lepton flavour violation at LHC

We study lepton flavour violating decays of neutralinos and sleptons within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, assuming two and three generation mixings in the slepton sector. We take into account the most recent bounds on flavour violating rare lepton decays. Taking the SPS1a' scenario as an example, we show that some of the lepton flavour violating branching ratios of neutralinos and sleptons can be sizable (~ 5-10%). We study the impact of the lepton flavour violating neutralino and slepton decays on the di-lepton mass distributions measured at LHC. We find that they can result in novel and characteristic edge structures in the distributions. In particular, double-edge structures can appear in the e tau and mu tau mass spectra if ~tau_1 is the lightest slepton. The appearance of these remarkable structures provides a powerful test of supersymmetric lepton flavour violation at LHC.Comment: 15 page