METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATING BEER AND NON-ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS SHELF LIFE

The article discusses the relevance of developing methodological approaches to the beer and soft drinks accelerated aging method in the market. The controlled indicators selection principles, mainly affecting the quality of the finished product, and the basic equation describing the dependence of changes in indicators on the main temperature factor are given. Studies of the influence of various physical factors (temperatures in the range of 50–60 °C, UV-radiation), both individually and jointly, on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of packaged water for various experimental versions did not show statistically significant changes in the normalized parameters of the basic salt and microelement composition investigated water during storage. The optimal mode of accelerated «aging» of packaged water at an elevated temperature (up to 60 °C) and UV-radiation was established. In the case of soft drinks, thermostating was used when changing the temperature regimes (heat 50 ± 2 °C / cold 6 ± 2 °C) at an exposure time of 30 days, which made it possible to observe a decrease in taste and aroma compared with the control, as well as a decrease in sweetness and the appearance of a slight plastic taste for non-carbonated drink. The influence a temperature regime change on brewing products, which cannot be estimated using the existing method due to the high turbidity, is shown.The article discusses the relevance of developing methodological approaches to the beer and soft drinks accelerated aging method in the market. The controlled indicators selection principles, mainly affecting the quality of the finished product, and the basic equation describing the dependence of changes in indicators on the main temperature factor are given. Studies of the influence of various physical factors (temperatures in the range of 50–60 °C, UV-radiation), both individually and jointly, on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of packaged water for various experimental versions did not show statistically significant changes in the normalized parameters of the basic salt and microelement composition investigated water during storage. The optimal mode of accelerated «aging» of packaged water at an elevated temperature (up to 60 °C) and UV-radiation was established. In the case of soft drinks, thermostating was used when changing the temperature regimes (heat 50 ± 2 °C / cold 6 ± 2 °C) at an exposure time of 30 days, which made it possible to observe a decrease in taste and aroma compared with the control, as well as a decrease in sweetness and the appearance of a slight plastic taste for non-carbonated drink. The influence a temperature regime change on brewing products, which cannot be estimated using the existing method due to the high turbidity, is shown

Ответы на вопросы «Койнона»

Received: 13.03.2020. Accepted: 25.03.2020.Рукопись поступила в редакцию: 13.03.2020. Принята к публикации: 25.03.2020

Ответы на вопросы «Койнона»

Received: 13.03.2020. Accepted: 25.03.2020.Рукопись поступила в редакцию: 13.03.2020. Принята к публикации: 25.03.2020

Анализ приобретения и месячной стоимости антигипертензивной терапии современными фиксированными комбинациями в регионах Дальневосточного федерального округа

Objective: analyzing the acquisition and monthly costs for patients on modern fixed-dose antihypertensive combinations in three regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.Material and methods. Intra-group analysis of retail of antihypertensive drugs for 2019 in drugstores of the Khabarovsk Region, Sakhalin Region, Amur Region (n=100) was carried out. The calculation of the monthly cost of therapy was performed and total sales indicators were identified. Statistical analysis: dispersion analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Kruskal–Wallis test.Results. The maximum demand in patients among combinations of -blockers in the price range of 100-500 rubles: atenolol+chlortalidone; bisoprolol+amlodipine. In the grope of combinations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with diuretics/calcium channel blockers, the most often acquired were: perindopril/ramipril+indapamide/amlodipine, enalapril+hydrochlorothiazide – in the price segment of 500–1000 rubles. Preferences for the use of combinations of angiotensin II receptor blockers+diuretic/calcium channel blockers: valsartan+amlodipine with a monthly cost of therapy of 300–500 rubles; losartan+hydrochlorothiazide – 100–500 rubles and azilsartan+chlortalidonee – 500–1000 rubles. The most popular three-component drugs were valsartan+amlodipine+hydrochlorothiazide, perindopril+amlodipine+indapamide with a monthly cost over 500 rubles. Differences in the acquisition structure of fixed-dose antihypertensive combinations between regions were statistically significant.Conclusion. The share of sales of combined antihypertensive drugs remains insignificant. The main selection criteria within an international nonproprietary name are affordability or trust in a brand. The presence of a reliable correlation of the acquisition structure with the region proves the influence of regional preferences of specialists in drug prescribing.Цель: анализ приобретения и месячных затрат пациентов на современные фиксированные антигипертензивные комбинации в трех регионах Дальневосточного федерального округа.Материал и методы. Проведен внутригрупповой анализ розничной реализации антигипертензивных лекарственных препаратов за 2019 г. в аптечных организациях Хабаровского края, Сахалинской области, Амурской области (n=100). Выполнен расчет месячной стоимости терапии, суммарных показателей продаж. Применены дисперсионный анализ, коэффициент корреляции Спирмена, критерий Краскела–Уоллиса.Результаты. Максимальным спросом среди сочетаний -адреноблокаторов в ценовом диапазоне 100–500 руб. пользуются комбинации: атенолол+хорталидон и бисопролол+амлодипин. В группе комбинаций ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента с диуретиками / блокаторами кальциевых каналов наиболее часто приобретались: периндоприл/рамиприл+индапамид/амлодипин, эналаприл+гидрохлоротиазид – в ценовом сегменте 500–1000 руб. Предпочтения при применении сочетаний блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензин+диуретик / антагонист кальция: валсартан+амлодипин с месячной стоимостью терапии 300–500 руб., лозартан+гидрохлоротазид – 100–500 руб., азилсартан+хлорталидон – 500–1000 руб. Самыми востребованными трехкомпонентными препаратами являлись: валсартан+амлодипин+гидрохлоротиазид, периндоприл+амлодипин+индапамид с месячной стоимостью курса терапии свыше 500 руб. Различия в структуре приобретения между регионами статистически достоверны.Заключение. Доля реализации комбинированных антигипертензивных препаратов остается незначительной. Основными критериями выбора внутри международного непатентованного наименования являются ценовая доступность и доверие к конкретному бренду. Наличие достоверной корреляции структуры приобретения с субъектом доказывает влияние региональных предпочтений специалистов при назначении лекарственных средств

Comparative clinical and functional outcomes of implantation of «reverse-M» and «reverse-M1» IOL in patients with high myopia in the long-term postoperative period

The formation of secondary cataracts in patients with high myopia remains the main cause of vision loss in the long-term postoperative period. In view of that fact, the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution has developed a soft model of posterior chamber “reverse” IOL, which allows reducing the development of secondary cat aracts.Purpose. Comparative analysis the clinical and functional outcomes of «reverse-M» and «reverse-M1» IOL implantation in patients with high myopia in the long-term postoperative period.Material and methods. Clinical research has been carried out on 140 eyes of 97 patients with high myopia aged from 42 to 83 years (on average, 64.24±0.79 years) after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in high myopia. The main group consisted of 57 eyes of 40 patients who were implanted with «reverse-M1» IOL, the control group consisted of 83 eyes of 57 patients who were implanted with “reverse-M” IOL. Before the surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity in any patient did not exceed 0.01, and the best corrected visual acuity was no more than 0.2 (80%). The follow-up period was up to 5 years.Results. Visual functions in most patients increased and remained stable throughout the postoperative period, amounting to 0.55±0.04 in the main group, and 0.54±0.03 in the control group. In the late postoperative period, dissection of the posterior lens capsule with «reverse-M» IOL was performed in 11 eyes of 13 patients (13.2%). In the main group, YAG laser dissection of the posterior capsule was required in 2 patients with 3 eyes (5.3%).Conclusion. «Reverse-M1» IOL implantation is safe, predictable and allows to reduce the incidence of secondary cataracts by more than 2 times in comparison with the «reverse-M» IOL

Retrospective analysis of long-term clinical and functional outcomes of implantation of domestically produced posterior chamber PIOL

Introduction. The use of phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) for the correction of high ametropia is reflected in the works of both domestic and foreign ophthalmologists. In spite of this, there are very few publications which are devoted to the long-term outcomes of the use of domestically produced models of PIOL such as RSK-1(3) and RSK-3.Purpose. The main aim of this work is to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of the use of domestically produced models of PIOL such as RSK-1(3) and RSK-3.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the long-term results of PIOL implants performed at the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution was carried out from 1994 to 2001. The analysis involved 122 eyes of 84 patients with high myopia from who were implanted with posterior chamber negative PIOL with two haptic elements (RSK-3) and PIOL with thr ee haptic elements (RSK-1(3). Results. Analysis of the dynamics of postoperative refractive data in compare with preoperative parameters showed us that in all cases there was a significant increase in uncorrected and corrected visual acuity. Long-term outcomes of implantation were found in 25 patients (43 eyes). The average duration of PIOL in the eye was 14.30±1.3 g (from 2 to 30 years). In all cases, the reducing cell density of the corneal epithelium did not exceed 4.0% in the early postoperative period. At the same time, the main complication in the distant postoperative period was the development of subcapsular cataracts.Conclusions. This method of ametropia correction can be recommended to young patients, who are not suitable for keratorefraction interventions

Competing ideologies of Russia's civil society

Many analysts and public opinion makers in the West conflate the notions of Russia’s non-systemic liberal opposition and the country’s civil society. Indeed, despite garnering the support of a minority of Russia’s population, non-systemic liberal opposition represents a well-organized civic group with a clearly articulated agenda and the ability to take action. Yet, does Russia’s civil society end there? A closer look at the country’s politics shows that Russia has a substantial conservative-traditionalist faction that has also developed agenda for action and formulated opinions. This group is anti-liberal rather than illiberal ideologically and pro-strong state/pro a geopolitically independent Russia rather than pro-Kremlin politically. The interaction between liberal and conservative civic groups represents the battle of meanings, ideas, and ethics, and ultimately determines the future trajectory of Russia’s evolution. Thus, the analysis of Russia’s civil society must represent a rather more nuanced picture than a mere study of the liberal non-systemic opposition. This article will examine the complexity of Russia’s civil society scene with reference to the interplay between the liberal opposition and conservative majority factions. The paper will argue that such complexity stems from ideological value pluralism that falls far beyond the boundaries of the liberal consensus, often skewing our understanding of political practice in Russia