An exploration of the collegiate coach-athlete relationship and its impact on female athlete attitudes and behaviors toward disordered eating and body image

Collegiate female athletes face the challenges of conflicting feminine body ideals in society and in their sport all while striving for athletic success. Coaches are believed to play a significant role in an athlete’s development, and thus have potential to (knowing or unknowingly) reinforce, or even introduce, eating pathology as a means to achieve athletic performance and/or a body ideal. Previous research has found a link between insecure attachment and subsequent eating pathology in athletes and non-athletes alike. The coach can be viewed as an important attachment figure in an athlete’s life and development and thus serve a mediating role for how earlier attachment patterns do, or do not, transfer to an athletes identity, well-being, and functioning. The aim of the present study is to explore (1) the interpersonal dynamics that occur between a collegiate athlete and a coach, (2) the context of this attachment relationship as related to other attachment relationships, and (3) the interaction of these attachment relationships on disordered eating behaviors and negative body image beliefs. Providing a clearer picture of the interactions and relational patterns that can occur between a coach and an athlete will be useful in developing methods and interventions to help increase awareness of the coach’s impact on body image and eating, and to create tailored interventions for both coaches and athletes to access more adaptive attachment representations, coping styles, and ways of being

"Food company sponsors are kind, generous and cool": (Mis)conceptions of junior sports players

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing influences their food knowledge, preferences and consumption. Sport sponsorship by food companies is widespread and industry investment in this marketing is increasing. This study aimed to assess children's awareness of sport sponsors and their brand-related attitudes and purchasing intentions in response to this marketing.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sports clubs known to have food sponsors and representing the most popular sports for Australian children across a range of demographic areas were recruited. Interview-based questionnaires were conducted at clubs with children aged 10-14 years (n = 103) to examine their recall of local sports club and elite sport sponsors, and their attitudes towards sponsors and sponsorship activities.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most children (68%) could recall sponsors of their sports club, naming a median of two sponsors, including a median of one food company sponsor each. Almost half (47%) of children could recall any sponsors of their favourite elite sporting team. Children aged 10-11 years were more likely than older children to report that they thought about sponsors when buying something to eat or drink (P < 0.01); that they liked to return the favour to sponsors by buying their products (P < 0.01); and that sponsors were 'cool' (P = 0.02). Most children had received a voucher or certificate from a food or beverage company to reward sport performance (86% and 76%, respectively). Around one-third of children reported liking the company more after receiving these rewards.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Children's high recall of food and beverage company sport sponsors and their positive attitudes towards these sponsors and their promotions is concerning as this is likely to be linked to children's food preferences and consumption. Limiting children's exposure to this marketing is an important initiative to improve children's nutrition.</p

Analyzing the Sounds of Languages

This book is intended primarily as a textbook for LING 2051, Analyzing the sounds of languages, but can also be used for self study to learn the basics of quantitative methods and as an introduction to the statistical program R (www.r-project.org). We introduce basic, yet often misunderstood, concepts of quantitative analysis and statistics, using real data taken from the field of linguistics, especially phonetics and phonology. We introduce questions, such as “Do Southerners really talk more slowly?” (Chapter 10), or “Why do we expect scholarly words to be longer than familiar words?” (Chapter 2) as a framework for introducing the numerical concepts required to answer research questions such as these. We believe that statistical methods should not be introduced in the absence of a research question and a solid understanding of the data, which is why we use real data and questions that are relevant to anyone who commands a spoken language. A good amount of space is also devoted to illustrating how to formulate and answer a research question, and hypothesis development and testing

On the Lucky and Displacement Statistics of Stirling Permutations

Stirling permutations are parking functions, and we investigate two parking function statistics in the context of these objects: lucky cars and displacement. Among our results, we consider two extreme cases: extremely lucky Stirling permutations (those with maximally many lucky cars) and extremely unlucky Stirling permutations (those with exactly one lucky car). We show that the number of extremely lucky Stirling permutations of order $n$ is the Catalan number $C_n$, and the number of extremely unlucky Stirling permutations is $(n-1)!$. We also give some results for luck that lies between these two extremes. Further, we establish that the displacement of any Stirling permutation of order $n$ is $n^2$, and we prove several results about displacement composition vectors. We conclude with directions for further study.Comment: 17 pages, 3 table

Understanding the health care needs of transgender and gender diverse people engaging with rural Australian sexual health centres: a qualitative interview study

Although there is a presumption that LGBTQ+ people living in rural Australia will have poorer health outcomes than those living in metropolitan areas, minimal research has focused specifically on the perspectives of transgender and gender diverse (henceforth referred to as ‘trans’) people living in these regions. The purpose of this study was to understand what health and wellbeing means to trans people in a regional or rural community and identify their health needs and experiences. Methods. A total of 21 trans people were recruited through two regional sexual health centres (SHC) and interviewed between April and August 2021. Data were analysed via reflexive thematic analysis. This paper focuses on participants’ accounts of health and wellbeing regarding gender affirmation, the experience of rural living, respectful holistic care, safety in rural communities, isolation, loneliness, and employment. Results. The experience of living rurally can have both positive and negative impacts on the experiences of trans people. Participants reported experiences of stigma and discrimination, reduced employment opportunities and limited social interactions, which led to feelings of isolation and loneliness; however, they also reported high quality of care, particularly with the specific SHCs which supported this research. Conclusion. Living rurally can impact both positively and negatively on the health and wellbeing of trans peoples, and the experiences of living in this environment are diverse. Our findings challenge the perception that rural trans people experience only poor health outcomes and shows the difference that key health services such as SHCs can make in supporting trans health

Fifth-grade students’ digital retellings and the Common Core: Modal use and design intentionality

Multimodal composing is part of the Common Core vision of the twenty-first-century student. Two descriptive studies were conducted of fifth-grade students’ digital folktale retellings. Study 1 analyzed 83 retellings in relation to the types and frequencies of modal use, such as image, sound, movement, and written text, as well as their retelling accuracy. Students composed within a scaffolded digital composing environment which comprised the PowerPoint authoring/presentation tool and a researcher-developed story frame. All students’ retellings included writing and visual design, 80% included animation, and 70% included sound. Retelling accuracy scores averaged 54%. Study 2 was conducted with a new group of 14 fifth-grade students who had previous digital retelling experience. The retellings included the same types of modal use, but at a higher level of frequency. In their retrospective design interviews, students expressed design intentionality and a metamodal awareness of how modes work together to create an appealing story

Groundwater Availability of the Barton Springs Segment of the Edwards Aquifer, Texas: Numerical Simulations Through 2050

A two-dimensional, numerical groundwater-flow model was developed for the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer to evaluate groundwater availability and predict water levels and spring flow in response to increased pumpage and droughts during the period 2001 through 2050. A steady-state model was developed on the basis of average recharge for a 20-year period (1979 through 1998) and pumpage values for 1989. Transient simulations were conducted using monthly recharge and pumping data for a 10-year period (1989 through 1998) that includes periods of low and high water levels. Values of hydraulic conductivity were estimated by calibrating the steady-state model using trial and error and automated inverse methods. Good agreement was found between measured and simulated flow at Barton Springs (root mean square error [RMS error, average of squared differences in measured and simulated discharges] 12 cfs), between measured and simulated water levels at different times, and between measured and simulated water levels in many of the monitoring wells. To assess the impact of future pumpage and potential future droughts on groundwater availability, transient simulations were conducted using extrapolated pumpage for 10-year periods (2001 through 2050) and average recharge for a 3-year period and recharge from the 1950s drought for the remaining 7 years. Results of these simulations were compared with those using average recharge and future pumpage. Predicted water-level declines in response to future pumpage under average recharge conditions are small (270 ft). Simulated spring discharge in response to future pumpage under average recharge decreased proportionally to future pumpage (2 cfs per decade), whereas spring discharge decreased to 0 cfs in response to future pumpage under drought-of-record conditions. Management of water resources under potential future drought conditions should consider enhanced recharge and conservation measures.Bureau of Economic Geolog

A Methodological Review of the Articles Publishes in Georgia Educational Researcher from 2003-2010

Methodological reviews, reviews that concentrate on research methods rather than research outcomes, have been used in a variety of fields to improve research practice, inform debate, and identify islands of practice. In this article, we report on the results of a methodological review of all of the articles published in Georgia Educational Researcher from 2003-2010. We examined the methodological characteristics, authorial characteristics, and methodological quality of those articles using quantitative content analysis. The major findings were that (a) the proportions of the type and traditions of articles published in Georgia Educational Researcher were similar to the proportions in education research articles in general, (b) case study research and correlational research were most prominent, (c) a few universities accounted for most of the articles published, (d) male and female authors’ articles were published in equitable proportions, and (e) there were no statistically significant differences in methodological quality between genders, university affiliations, types of research, or years of publication. We end with a few suggestions for improving the quality of qualitative research articles in the Georgia Educational Researcher