Research on the significance of universal design in the physical environment for persons with mental or cognitive disability: a systematic literature search with categorization

Source at https://www.fhi.no/.Personer med psykisk funksjonsnedsettelse har rett til å få det fysiske miljøet utformet på en slik måte at det legger til rette for deres likeverdige bruk. Vi utførte en systematisk kunnskapsoppsummering av typen ‘systematisk litteratursøk med sortering’, for å identifisere litteraturoversikter om betydningen av universell utforming i det fysiske miljøet for personer med psykisk eller kognitiv funksjonsnedsettelse. Vi søkte i januar 2023 i ulike samfunnsvitenskapelige databaser etter litteraturoversikter, publisert 2012-2023. Forskere gikk gjennom identifiserte referanser og vurderte relevans i henhold til inklusjonskriteriene. De beskrev i korte trekk hver litteraturoversikt som møtte inklusjonskriteriene. 12 litteraturoversikter møtte inklusjonskriteriene: Alle inkluderte studier med både menn og kvinner • Fire oversikter fokuserte på barn og/eller unge og tre fokuserte på voksne (fem spesifiserte el. avgrenset ikke) Oversiktene tok for seg ulike typer psykiske funksjonsnedsettelser, og hyppigst studert var autismespekterforstyrrelser Oversiktene tok for seg ulike typer bygg, særlig skolebygninger (n=7) og arbeidsplasser (n=5) Oversiktene fokuserte hyppigst på lys og lyd/støy Ni oversikter undersøkte funksjonsnivå (inkludert helse) og fire undersøkte likeverdig tilgjengelighet Ingen av oversiktene fokuserte på behov og/eller ønsker mht. universell utforming Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen viser at det fins flere litteraturoversikter om universell utforming for personer med psykisk eller kognitiv funksjonsnedsettelse. Ingen fokuserer på personers behov og/eller ønsker, personer med fobier eller psykisk utviklingshemninger og kun et fåtall type bygg er studert i disse litteraturoversiktene

Aggression replacement training (ART) for reducing antisocial behavior in adolescents and adults: A systematic review

AbstractObjectiveAggression Replacement Training (ART) is a multimodal program aiming at replacing antisocial behaviors by actively teaching desirable behaviors. The program is frequently used and has been provided within a wide variety of settings, but its effectiveness in its own right has not been addressed in previous reviews. This systematic review examines the effect of ART on antisocial behavior in young people and adults.MethodsPublished and unpublished literature was searched to identify randomized and non-randomized studies comparing ART for adults and youth with usual care, other interventions, or no intervention. Primary outcomes included recidivism in antisocial behavior, while secondary outcomes were related to social skills, anger management and moral reasoning.FindingsThis review identified 16 studies with considerable clinical and methodological diversity. The methodological quality and the post-intervention follow-up of the studies were limited. Almost half of the studies were conducted by researchers who have vested interests in the intervention.ConclusionsThere is an insufficient evidence-base to substantiate the hypothesis that ART has a positive impact on recidivism, self-control, social skills or moral development in adolescents and adults. Further research is warranted by independent investigators exploring the effects of ART on clearly-defined target groups using high standard evaluation designs

Effects of a mindfulness-based and acceptance-based group programme followed by physical activity for patients with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial

Introduction: Non-pharmacological approaches are recommended as first-line treatment for patients with fibromyalgia. This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of a multicomponent rehabilitation programme for patients with recently diagnosed fibromyalgia in primary and secondary healthcare. Methods: Patients with widespread pain ≥3 months were referred to rheumatologists for diagnostic clarification and assessment of study eligibility. Inclusion criteria were age 20–50 years, engaged in work or studies at present or during the past 2 years, and fibromyalgia diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria. All eligible patients participated in a short patient education programme before inclusion and randomisation. The multicomponent programme, a 10-session mindfulness-based and acceptance-based group programme followed by 12 weeks of physical activity counselling was evaluated in comparison with treatment as usual, that is, no treatment or any other treatment of their choice. The primary outcome was the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Secondary outcomes were self-reported pain, fatigue, sleep quality, psychological distress, physical activity, health-related quality of life and work ability at 12-month follow-up. Results: In total, 170 patients were randomised, 1:1, intervention:control. Overall, the multicomponent rehabilitation programme was not more effective than treatment as usual; 13% in the intervention group and 8% in the control group reported clinically relevant improvement in PGIC (p=0.28). No statistically significant between-group differences were found in any diseaserelated secondary outcomes. There were significant between-group differences in patient’s tendency to be mindful (p=0.016) and perceived benefits of exercise (p=0.033) in favour of the intervention group. Conclusions: A multicomponent rehabilitation programme combining patient education with a mindfulness-based and acceptance-based group programme followed by physical activity counselling was not more effective than patient education and treatment as usual for patients with recently diagnosed fibromyalgia at 12-month follow-uppublishedVersio

Christian Gérard, Régis Guillet, dirs, L’œuvre en mouvement. Pour une conscience de la méthode

L’œuvre en mouvement. Pour une conscience de la méthode retranscrit « l’œuvre d’une action interculturelle soutenue » au sein de laquelle Christian Gérard et Régis Guillet invitent à s’interroger sur la place de la « Méthode » dans les modes de fonctionnement au sein de la société. Les deux auteurs auxquels sont associés Aïchata Agha, Chafika Bannier, Rosine Hamblet-Cipe, Momar Seck, et Apollinaire Sibguet, conduisent une réflexion qu’ils qualifient comme portant sur « nous-mêmes et nous-même..

First trimester-screening for the development of preeclampsia with the use of an algorithm: a health technology assessment.

Source at www.fhi.noDagens praksis tilsier at man i hovedsak skal vurdere risiko for preeklampsi (svangerskapsforgiftning) hos gravide ved hjelp av medisinsk og obstetrisk sykehistorie. Denne metodevurderingen sammenligner prediktiv nøyaktighet av nåværende praksis med screening i svangerskapsuke 11-14 med en algoritme basert på mors kjennetegn, blodtrykk, ultralyd-undersøkelse som inkluderer blodgjennomstrømning i arterier til livmor og måling av en biomarkør (PlGF) i mors blod. Vi vurderer også om forebyggende behandling med lavdose acetylsalisylsyre (ASA) har effekt på forekomst av preeklampsi med forløsning før uke 34, før uke 37 (preterm preeklampsi) og uavhengig av når i svangerskapet forløsningen skjer hos kvinner med høy risiko for preeklampsi. Vi har vurdert helseøkonomiske konsekvenser av innføring av screening med den foreslåtte algoritmen og påfølgende forebygging med ASA sammenlignet med antatt klinisk praksis i Norge i dag. Vi fant at screening med algoritme tidlig i svangerskapet: trolig bedrer prediksjon av risiko for preeklampsi med forløsning før uke 37 i svangerskapet muligens bedrer prediksjon av risiko for preeklampsi med forløsning før uke 34 i svangerskapet har usikker effekt på prediksjon av risiko for preeklampsi uavhengig av tidspunkt for forløsning. Dette er fordi det ikke er vist at screening for preeklampsi med algoritmen er effektiv for å predikere preeklampsi med forløsning fra uke 37. Vi inkluderte én studie om forebyggende effekt av ASA hos kvinner som var identifisert med høy risiko for preeklampsi. Vi fant at forebygging med ASA trolig reduserer forekomsten av preeklampsi før 34 uker og før 37 uker av svangerskapset. Våre vurderinger av helseøkonomi og organisering viste at det foreslåtte screeningprogrammet og forebygging med ASA kan være kostnadsbesparende sammenlignet med dagens praksis fordi det fører til færre forløsninger med preeklampsi før uke 37 innføring av det foreslåtte screeningprogrammet vil sannsynligvis medføre organisatoriske konsekvenser som bør utredes nærmere av berørte fagmiljøer </uli

Effect of early, brief computerized interventions on risky alcohol and cannabis use among young people.

Background: Young people’s risky use of alcohol or recreational drugs, such as cannabis, remains a significant public health issue. Many countries have made substantial efforts to minimize the long-term consequences of alcohol and/or cannabis use at multiple levels, ranging from government policy initiatives to primary health care services. In this review, we focused on the effects of brief interventions, provided by electronic devices (computerized brief interventions). A brief intervention is defined as any preventive or therapeutic activity delivered by a health worker, psychologist, social worker, or volunteer worker, and given within a maximum of four structured therapy sessions each lasting between five and ten minutes with a maximum total time of one hour. Brief interventions may work by making the clients think differently about their alcohol/cannabis use, and by providing them with skills to change their behavior if they are motivated to change. A computerized brief intervention, in contrast, is not directly delivered by a human being, but may be delivered through online and offline electronic devices. Such interventions can reach large audiences at a low cost and can simultaneously simulate an ‘interpersonal therapeutic component’ by targeting recipients’ feedback. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of early, computerized brief interventions on alcohol and cannabis use by young people aged 15 to 25 years who are high or risky consumers of either one or both of these substances by synthesizing data from randomized controlled trials. Search methods: We searched 11 electronic databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cinahl and The Cochrane Library in April 2016 for published, unpublished and ongoing studies using adapted subject headings and a comprehensive list of free-text terms. Additionally, we searched the reference lists of the included studies. We also have set up an EBSCO host alert notification ([email protected] ) that continuously surveys the Cochrane Library (including CENTRAL), Medline and Embase. We receive updated searches via email. This search is up to date as of May 2016. Selection criteria: We included all randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of any computerized brief intervention used as a stand-alone treatment aimed at reducing alcohol and/or cannabis consumption. Eligible comparators included no intervention, waiting list control or an alternative brief intervention (computerized or non-computerized). Participants were young people between 15 and 25 years of age who were defined as risky consumers of alcohol or cannabis, or both. Data collection and analysis: Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts against the inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently assessed the full texts of all included articles. We used standard methodological procedures expected by the Campbell Collaboration. Results: We included 60 studies that had randomized 33,316 participants in this review. Study characteristics: The studies were mostly from the United States and targeted high and risky alcohol use among university students. Bias/quality assessment: Some of the studies lacked clear descriptions of how the randomization sequence was generated and concealed. Many of the studies did not blind the participants. Some of the studies suffered from high loss to follow-up, and few studies had a pre-registered protocol. Findings: For alcohol, we found moderate quality evidence that multi-dose assessment and feedback was more effective than a single-dose assessment. We found low quality evidence that assessment and feedback might be more effective than no intervention. Assessment and feedback might also be more effective than assessment alone (low quality evidence). Short-term effects (< 6 months) were mostly larger than long-term (≥6 months) effects. For cannabis, we found that assessment and feedback might slightly reduce short-term consumption compared to no intervention. Adding feedback to assessment may have little or no effect on short-term cannabis consumption. Moreover, there may be little or no difference between assessment plus feedback and education on short-term and long-term cannabis consumption. Adverse effects: We did not find evidence of any adverse effects of the interventions. Implications for policy, practice and research: Computerized brief interventions are easy to administer, and the evidence from this review indicates that such brief interventions might reduce drinking for several months after the intervention. Additionally, there is no evidence for adverse effects. This means that brief, computerized interventions could be feasible ways of dealing with risky alcohol use among young people. The evidence on cannabis consumption is scarcer, suggesting the need for more research

Effekter av sekundærforebyggende tiltak mot villet egenskade .

Det anslås at én av ti unge i Norge har skadet seg selv, og mange av disse forsøker å ta livet av seg,men tallene er usikre. Det er viktig å ha gode tiltak i helsetjenesten for å forhindre gjentakelse av selvskading eller selvmordsforsøk. Det er forsket på en rekke tiltak, og vi har undersøkt om folk skader seg sjeldnere og har færre selvmordsforsøk når de har fått ett av disse tiltakene. Vi har også sett på om tiltakene kan redusere psykiatriske symptomer. Vi fant: aktiv kontakt og oppfølging i akuttmottak reduserer trolig antall nye selvmordsforsøk problemsløsningsterapi reduserer muligens ny villet egenskade og psykiatriske symptomer. Psykodynamisk interpersonlig terapi reduserer muligens psykiatriske symptomer. Intensiv oppfølging og oppsøking reduserer muligens ny villet egenskade, selvmordsforsøk og selvmord effekten av andre sekundærforebyggende tiltak som blant annet kognitiv terapi, kognitiv atferdsterapi, telefonkontakt, og de skolebaserte programmene C‐CARE (Counselors Care: Assess, Respond, Empower) og CAST (Coping and Support Training) er usikker fordi dokumentasjonen er av svært lav kvalitet. Resultatene må tolkes med forsiktighet da det er brede konfidensintervaller rundt estimatene