Enforcing the Public Forum Doctrine on Private Property: First Unitarian Church of Salt Lake City v. Salt Lake City Corporation

The public forum doctrine is meant to protect certain indispensable areas for public and political discussion. Using First Unitarian Church v. Salt Lake City Corporation, this Casenote highlights the inadequacy of the current public forum doctrine. The controversy arose out of the sale of land that included easements restricting the creation of a public forum in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Courts have recognized three types of public for a: the traditional public forum, the designated public forum, and the nonpublic forum. The district court in this case found that the easement constituted a nonpublic forum, whereas the Tenth Circuit correctly held that the easement constituted a traditional public forum after analyzing the objective characteristics of the easement, the compatibility of speech activities to the easement, and the history of the property. The line of cases the Tenth Circuit analyzed to come to its result provide little clarity to the public forum doctrine because their factual distinctions do not support their holdings. In conclusion, the author advocates a modified public forum doctrine that focuses on the property\u27s characteristics, nature, and use, and notice to the public, using only the objective characteristics and compatibility of speech factors. Although the solution is not perfect, the author believe that the modified doctrine will better balance free speech and private property rights

The effect of letter spacing and coloured overlays on reading speed and accuracy in adult dyslexia

Background. Zorzi et al. (2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 109, 11455) found evidence that extra-large letter spacing aids children with dyslexia, but the evidence for the coloured overlays is contradictory (e.g., Henderson et al., 2013, J. Res. Special Educ. Needs, 13, 57; Wilkins, 2002, Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt., 22, 448), and possible combined advantages have not been identified. Aims. To investigate whether extra-large letter spacing or coloured overlays can alleviate reading problems in dyslexic adults. Sample. The participants were 24 dyslexic and 24 non-dyslexic university students, matched for age and fluid intelligence. Methods. The reading speed and the errors made by a dyslexic and a control group were measured in four conditions: with and without coloured overlays and with normally and largely spaced texts. Results. Large letter spacing improves the reading speed in general, as well as improves the reading accuracy in dyslexic readers. Conclusions. The results support the positive effect of letter spacing on reading performance

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids-Use and Correlates among Gym Users-An Assessment Study Using Questionnaires and Observations at Gyms in the Stockholm Region

he purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use and offers to use among gym users in Stockholm County (Sweden), and to conduct a comparison of concordance in estimates of AAS and supplements at gyms between two data collection methods. A questionnaire was distributed to members at 36 training facilities and 1,752 gym users participated in the study. An observation study was conducted as covert participant observations at 64 gyms. According to the questionnaire, 3.9% of men reported life time use of AAS, 1.4% use during the past 12 months and 0.4% AAS use during past 30 days. Not only were there similar patterns found in the two methods, i.e., similar age and gender distributions for AAS use, but analyses of concordance showed that gyms with a higher prevalence of self-reported AAS-use and supplement use (questionnaire) showed a significantly higher proportion of observer-assessed AAS users. Analyses of individual predictors showed that AAS users were almost always young men, regular weight trainers and more often users of drugs and nutritional supplements. The higher prevalence of AAS use among gym users than in the general population makes the former an appropriate target group for AAS prevention. The connection between supplements, drugs and AAS use suggests that effective AAS prevention need to focus on several risk factors for AAS use. The clear resemblance in estimates between the observation and questionnaire data strengthen the credibility of the two methods.Original Publication: Hakan Leifman, Charlotta Rehnman, Erika Sjoblom and Stefan Holgersson, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids-Use and Correlates among Gym Users-An Assessment Study Using Questionnaires and Observations at Gyms in the Stockholm Region, 2011, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, (8), 7, 2656-2674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8072656 Copyright: MDPI http://www.mdpi.com/home</p

Warehouse Consolidation

The Hagie company is having difficulty using their current organization system of parts and how to pick them to meet their goal of building two sprayers a day. This is creating a problem for the company because parts are in multiple locations which is making it difficult to quickly get parts.This project will immediately affect the workers of warehouse one and five. Later affect the rest of the factory because they will have their parts faster, in a more organized manner

Coordination.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1980.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES.Bibliography: leaves 251-255.Ph.D