The Nonlocal Pancharatnam Phase in Two-Photon Interferometry

We propose a polarised intensity interferometry experiment, which measures the nonlocal Pancharatnam phase acquired by a pair of Hanbury Brown-Twiss photons. The setup involves two polarised thermal sources illuminating two polarised detectors. Varying the relative polarisation angle of the detectors introduces a two photon geometric phase. Local measurements at either detector do not reveal the effects of the phase, which is an optical analog of the multiparticle Aharonov-Bohm effect. The geometric phase sheds light on the three slit experiment and suggests ways of tuning entanglement.Comment: v3: final version to appear in Phys. Rev. A (Brief Reports

SUPER ORTHOGONAL SPACE TIME TRELLIS CODES OVER NAKAGAMI FADING MODEL

Performance evaluation of super orthogonal space-time trellis codes for non-frequency selective fading channels & frequency selective fading channels. The analysis is done in presence of fast fading, block fading and quasi-static fading in Rayleigh, and Nakhagami fast fading channels along with comparison. While providing full diversity and full rate, the structure of our new codes allows an increase in the coding gain. Not only does our new SOSTTC outperform the space-time trellis codes in the literature, but it also provides a systematic method for designing space time trellis codes at different rates and for different trellises. Since we have used orthogonal designs as the building blocks in our new SOSTTCs, the complexity of the decoding remains low while full diversity is guaranteed. Codes operating at different rates, up to the highest theoretically possible rate, for different number of states, can be designed by using our optimal set partitioning. In general, new SOSTTCs can provide a tradeoff between rate and coding gain while achieving full diversity

Classical light analogue of the nonlocal Aharonov-Bohm effect

We demonstrate the existence of a non-local geometric phase in the intensity-intensity correlations of classical incoherent light, that is not seen in the lower order correlations. This two-photon Pancharatnam phase was observed and modulated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Using acousto-optic interaction, independent phase noise was introduced to light in the two arms of the interferometer to create two independent incoherent classical sources from laser light. The experiment is the classical optical analogue of the multi-particle Aharonov-Bohm effect. As the trajectory of light over the Poincare sphere introduces a phase shift observable only in the intensity-intensity correlation, it provides a means of deflecting the two-photon wavefront, while having no effect on single photons.Comment: To appear in Europhys. Let

Particulate Suspension Blood Flow through a Stenosed Catheterized Artery

The flow of blood through a narrow catheterized artery with an overlapping stenosis has been investigated. To account for the presence of red cells, blood has been represented by a macroscopic two-phase model (i.e., a suspension of erythrocytes in plasma). The expression for the flow characteristics-the flow rate, the impedance (resistance to flow), the wall shear stress in the stenotic region, the shear stresses at the stenosis two throats and at critical height of the stenosis, has been derived. It is found that the impedance increases with the catheter size, with the hematocrit and also with the stenosis size (height and length). A significant increase in the magnitude of the impedance and other flow characteristics occur even for a small increase in the catheter size. Variations in the magnitude of all the flow characteristics are observed to be similar in nature with respect to any parameter given

Volvulus, gangrene and perforation of transverse colon in an antepartum eclamptic pregnant patient post caesarean: a case report

Transverse colon volvulus leading to gangrene and perforation is an extremely uncommon acute surgical complication in pregnancy and puerperium, with a very high rate of mortality and morbidity. Surgical resection is the only treatment. Authors present a case of a 20 years. old women, with antepartum eclampsia, who underwent caesarean section for fetal distress. She complained of abdominal pain from second post-operative day. The pain increased in severity and on the third postoperative day, she developed sudden abdominal distention and appeared pale. Ultrasound revealed free intraperitoneal fluid suggestive of hemoperitoneum. An emergency laparotomy was performed. There was about a litre of blood in the peritoneal cavity with clots. The caesarean incision site, uterus adnexa and broad ligaments were all intact. On further exploration, volvulus of the transverse colon was seen along with gangrene and perforation of the middle part of transverse colon. Resection of the gangrenous part was done with closure of the distal loop. Proximal loop was brought out as colostomy. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course thereafter and was discharged on regular diet on 12th postoperative day. Volvulus of transverse colon leading to gangrene is rare in pregnancy and puerperium, but must form part of clinician’s differential diagnosis when encountering a patient with persistent abdominal pain and bowel distention. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention could significantly improve the outcome of this catastrophic condition

The Art of Pouring and Serving Belgian Beer: Tips and Tricks

Belgian beer is made using an brewing method that results in unique flavours & textures that can only be appreciated when properly served. &nbsp

The Ultimate Guide to Pairing Belgian Beer with Delicious Cuisine at a Belgian Beer Café

If you are a beer lover visiting Dubai, you should try the Saturday brunch and bistro bar experiences at a Belgian beer café

A Two-layered Non-Newtonian Arterial Blood Flow through an Overlapping Constriction

The problem of blood flow through an overlapping constriction in arteries is investigated in this work. To account for the non-Newtonian behavior and the peripheral layer, blood has been represented by a two-fluid model, consisting of a core region of suspension of all the erythrocytes assumed to be a Casson fluid and a peripheral layer of plasma (Newtonian fluid). The expression for the flow characteristics, namely, the impedance, the wall shear stress, the shear stress at the stenosis throats and at the critical height of the stenosis has been derived. Moreover, we present some results concerning the dependence of these quantities on the geometrical parameters

Probing muonic charged current nonstandard interactions at decay-at-rest facilities in conjunction with T2HK

The muon decay-at-rest ($\mu$-DAR) facility provides us with an ideal platform to probe purely muonic charged-current nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSIs). We propose to probe this class of NSI effects using antineutrinos from a $\mu$-DAR source in conjunction with neutrinos from the future Tokai to Kamioka superbeam experiment with megaton Hyper Kamiokande detector (T2HK). Even though muonic NSIs are absent in neutrino production at T2HK, we show that our proposed hybrid setup comprising $\mu$-DAR and T2HK helps in alleviating the parameter degeneracies that can arise in data. Analytic considerations reveal that the oscillation probability is most sensitive to the NSI parameter in the $\mu$-e sector. For this parameter, we show that the $\mu$-DAR setup can improve on the existing bounds down to around 0.01, especially when the data are combined with neutrino data from T2HK experiment due to the lifting of parameter degeneracies. The high precision with which $\mu$-DAR can measure $\delta_{\rm{CP}}$ is shown to be robust even in the presence of the considered NSIs. Finally, we show that the combination of $\mu$-DAR along with T2HK can also be used to put mild constraints on the NSI phase in the vicinity of the maximal CP-violating value for the chosen benchmark value of $\varepsilon^{\mu e}_{\mu e}=0.01$.Comment: Matches version published in Phys. Rev.

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic