Factors Related to Formal and Online Help-seeking Behaviors Among Latinx College Students

The frequency of help-seeking behaviors among Latinx college students is low. Latinx college students are at an elevated risk for mental health problems, such as suicide ideation and behaviors, and there is an urgent need to understand the factors that most influence help-seeking in this population. This study aimed to understand how factors such as help-seeking intentions, suicide literacy, perceived need for help and levels of acculturation relate to help-seeking behaviors, as well as how these associations differed between formal and online sources of help among Latinx college students. Furthermore, this study assessed whether these relationships were moderated by an individual’s level of acculturation. The current study capitalized on data collected as part of a larger survey of college students’ (n=858) mental health at a public university. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the study hypotheses. Perceived need for help was the most robust predictor of help-seeking behaviors. Notable differences emerged between correlates of formal and online help-seeking behaviors among high-risk and low-risk Latinx students. Clinical implications and future directions for research are also discussed

Hypermutability in Asexuals: Investigating the Effects of Deleterious Mutations

Mutation is the ultimate source of the genetic variation—including genetic variation for mutation rate itself—that fuels evolution. Selection to increase the genomic mutation rate, driven by selective sweeps of beneficial mutations, can be strong and rapid where genetic linkage is present, as evidenced by numerous observations in experimental microbial populations. Selection to decrease the mutation rate, in contrast, is expected to depend on avoidance of mutational load and act over a longer time scale. In keeping with this latter expectation, there have been relatively few experimental observations of the evolution of reduced genomic mutation rates. Here, I report the rapid evolution of reduced mutation rates in hypermutable E. coli populations propagated at extremely small effective size—a circumstance under which selection is generally minimized. I hypothesize that high deleterious mutation pressure can strengthen indirect selection favoring lower mutation rates in these populations, and find both phenotypic and genotypic evidence to support this hypothesis. Additionally, I use simulations to analyze the effect of high deleterious mutation pressure on nascent neutral lineages that arise in an expanding asexual population and find that the spread of these lineages can be impaired. I discuss these results in the light of fates of novel mutations and point to future work that will involve studying the fates of adaptive mutation under high deleterious mutation pressure

A Novel Biomaterial Enables Chemotactic Study of Motile Central Nervous System-derived Tumor Cells

The local cell microenvironment plays an important role in maintaining the dynamics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cell-ECM relationship. ECM is a complex network of macromolecules with distinct mechanical and biochemical characteristics [1]. The multifaceted interactions that occur between cells and the ECM are crucial to the regulation of processes that maintain homeostasis. These mechanisms are often deregulated during cancer onset and progression, which cause the ECM to become highly disorganized, alter the cell-matrix interactions, and promote increased hypervascularity and metastasis as these components are indicative of cancer progression. Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common, malignant pediatric brain tumors worldwide [61]. It is characterized by high tumor invasiveness to extraneural tissues and reoccurrence in the cerebellum after total resection [2]. In the case of MBs, the migration of cells from primary tumors to other locations, within the brain or otherwise, has been one of the most clinically challenging and poorly understood processes [3]. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that regulate MB dispersal within the central nervous system (CNS) and beyond is especially important. The migration of brain cancer cells is highly complex, involving significant interactions with ECM, and chemoattractants that either diffuse from blood vessels and/or are produced by neighboring cells [4, 5]. Understanding the cell-ECM relationship provides insight into their interactions and assists in the study of endogenous cell migratory behaviors. ! %! In order to examine the chemotaxis of MB-derived cells, this study first examined how migration along distinct ECM affected cell migratory responses to the well-studied protein, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). MB phenotype and motility were examined within 7 different types of ECM Poly-D-Lysine (PDL), Matrigel, Laminin, Collagen-1, Fibronectin, a 10% blend of Laminin-Collagen1, a 20% blend of Laminin-Collagen 1 and a cellulose derived synthetic hydrogel, CMC. The average changes in cell morphology, over time in 2D and 3D are quantified using the NIH software, ImageJ, to reveal that CMC allows for a cell-ECM relationship typically believed to present in tumors when compared to other ECMs tested. The interaction of the cells with the CMC hydrogels exhibited amoeboidal morphology that is believed to indicate the readiness of a cell to migrate within a given environment. Investigation of CMC hydrogels revealed a polysaccharide that enables MB chemotactic study towards EGF with minimal haptotaxis, i.e. migration induced along the ECM alone .CMC gels used as ECM thereby facilitate unique, mechanistic study of MB chemotaxis because the hydrogel itself minimizes integrin interactions between cells and the ECM. This phenomenon was observed via immunocytochemistry staining performed on the Daoy cells seeded onto CMCs. Integrin �v�3 expression was not visualized upon CMC hydrogels when compared to C-1, MGL, and LAM coatings. This data in this study illustrates a new application of biomaterials as in vitro test systems with which to mechanistically examine the migratory responses of cells associated with numerous central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including cancer, �����������, multiple sclerosis (MS) and others. Such investigation can uniquely contribute to the generation of pharmacological compounds and migration-targeted therapies to prevent tumor dispersal in the brain and metastasis.

Clinicopathological features of uterine fibroid in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Uterine fibroids are one of the common benign tumours of uterus seen in women of reproductive age group. These constitute 5-10% of all these tumours.Methods: Total of 56 patients above 21 years of age reporting to OPD or emergency of gynaecology department of the Mayo Institute and found to be suffering from leiomyoma of the uterus were included in the study.Results: Clinical manifestations seen in cases with uterine fibroid. Menstrual irregularities were seen in 69.64% of cases. 39.28% suffered from abdominal pain and infertility was seen in 10.71% cases. Endometrial changes during the histopathological examination. In 71.42% of cases, proliferative endometrium was found. Secretory endometrium was seen in 14.28% and atrophic in 8.92%.  Conclusions: Leiomyoma is the most well-known uterine tumor seen in gynecological practice. Feminine aggravations are the commonest manifestation of which menorrhagia is the most well-known show. The vast majority of these tumors are intramural in area. The most widely recognized example of endometrium noticed is proliferative. Hyaline degeneration, myxoid degeneration and cystic degeneration are the normal auxiliary changes found in fibroid uterus

SRC Model to Identify Beguiling Reviews

Today, e-trade sites are giving colossal number of a platform to clients in which they can express their perspectives,  their suppositions and post their audits about the items on the web. Such substance helped by clients is accessible for different clients and makers as a significant wellspring of data.  This data is useful in taking imperative business choices.  Despite the fact that this data impact the purchasing choice of a client, however quality control on this client created information is not guaranteed, as audit area is an open stage accessible to all. anybody  can  compose  anything  on  web  which may incorporate surveys which are not true. as the prevalence of e-commerce destinations are hugely expanding, nature of the surveys is deteriorating step by step subsequently influencing clients’ purchasing choices. This has turned into an enormous social issue.  From numerous years, email spam and web spam were the two primary highlighted social issues. at the same time these days, because of notoriety of clients’ enthusiasm toward internet shopping and their reliance on the online audits, it turned into a real focus for audit spammers to delude clients by composing sham surveys for target items. To the best of our insight, very little study is accounted for in regards to this issue reliability of online reviews. To begin with paper was distributed in 2007 by NITIN  JINDAL  &  BING  LIU in regards to  review Spam detection.  In the past few years, variety of techniques has been recommended by researchers to accord with this trouble. This paper intends to introduce Suspicious review Classifier model (SrC) for identifying suspicious review, review spammers and their group

Neuron-Glial (NG) Interactions: A Microfluidic Examination of NG Emergent Responses for Repair

Neuron-glia communication is crucial to the development, plasticity, and repair of the nervous system (NS). While neurons are well known to conduct electrical impulses that transfer biological information and stimuli throughout the NS, our understanding of the roles of glia continues to evolve from when the cells were largely believed to act solely for neuronal support. Recent decades of research has shown that glia can alter metabolism, conduct impulses and change phenotype for NS repair. NG interactions have, thereby, become heavily researched in varied areas of biomedical engineering, including embryogenesis, neural regeneration, growth, and intracellular synaptic activity. However, while NG interactions are known to regulate survival, differentiation, communication, and targeted migration of neural cells, the molecular signals that orchestrate these behaviors remain incompletely understood. As a result, many emerging studies have embraced microfluidics to regulate the spatial and temporal stimuli delivered to neural cell groups and measure subsequent NG responses. The overall objective of this thesis was to examine emergent NG behavior in response to chemical stimuli within controlled microfluidic environments. Experiments examined NG behavior in the central and peripheral NS critical to neural repair. In the first model, we examined the behavior of transformed glial progenitors (in the form of Medulloblastoma (MB)), known to emulate developmental processes, to external stimuli using controlled microenvironments. We used a microfluidic system called the bridged mlane, which allows for steady-state, 1D, controllable concentration gradients along the length of its’ microchannel. The system was used to evaluate in vitro migratory responses of MB-derived cells to external signaling from Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha (SDF-1). Data demonstrated that MB cells exhibit dosage-dependent chemotaxis towards increasing concentration gradients. However, as glial behaviors are intricately linked with that of neuronal cells, we next used a more comprehensive neural model to examine the collective behavior of neural progenitors in response to chemotactic stimulation. Experiments examined the collective behavior of NG progenitor cell populations in response to stimulation via fibroblast growth factor (FGF) gradients using a developmental model of the central nervous system (CNS) in the Drosophila Melanogaster, 3rd instar larvae stage. Surprisingly, our data demonstrated that cells migrated larger distances and with higher directionality within collective groups of both neuronal and glial progenitors than in populations of glia only. Taken together, these results helped elucidate different modalities for directed movement that can be used for therapeutic techniques that leverage the interdependent NG relationship. The last model examined NG contributions to the formation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The glial component of the NMJ, the Schwann cells (SCs), are essential to NMJ development and function including remodeling and regeneration. SCs are critical for PNS regeneration, where studies have shown SC are able to trans-differentiate in order to create glial bridges that bypass non-functional neuronal nodes and isolate damaged neurons. However recent NMJ models mainly focus on motor neurons (MN) and muscle cells (MCs), some in vitro work has been utilized to study SCs, but their overall roles still remain to be well-defined and studied. To that end, the experiments used a compartmentalized microfluidic platform to demonstrate reproducible differentiation of skeletal myotubes with increased viability and length following the time-dependent addition of neuronal and glial cells. We lastly probed the guidance cues and migratory patterns of NGs towards various growth factors to elucidate emergent NMJ response. Our data illustrated there is a co-culture effect on receptor expression dependent on stimulation time. The data point to SCs as key players in stabilizing and maintaining in vitro NMJ models that will aid the development and testing of emerging therapies for neuromuscular dysfunction

When do Indians feel hot? Internet searches indicate seasonality suppresses adaptation to heat

In a warming world an increasing number of people are being exposed to heat, making a comfortable thermal environment an important need. This study explores the potential of using Regional Internet Search Frequencies (RISF) for air conditioning devices as an indicator for thermal discomfort (i.e. dissatisfaction with the thermal environment) with the aim to quantify the adaptation potential of individuals living across different climate zones and at the high end of the temperature range, in India, where access to health data is limited. We related RISF for the years 2011–2015 to daily daytime outdoor temperature in 17 states and determined at which temperature RISF for air conditioning starts to peak, i.e. crosses a 'heat threshold', in each state. Using the spatial variation in heat thresholds, we explored whether people continuously exposed to higher temperatures show a lower response to heat extremes through adaptation (e.g. physiological, behavioural or psychological). State-level heat thresholds ranged from 25.9 °C in Madhya Pradesh to 31.0 °C in Orissa. Local adaptation was found to occur at state level: the higher the average temperature in a state, the higher the heat threshold; and the higher the intra-annual temperature range (warmest minus coldest month) the lower the heat threshold. These results indicate there is potential within India to adapt to warmer temperatures, but that a large intra-annual temperature variability attenuates this potential to adapt to extreme heat. This winter 'reset' mechanism should be taken into account when assessing the impact of global warming, with changes in minimum temperatures being an important factor in addition to the change in maximum temperatures itself. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of local heat thresholds and people's adaptive capacity, which can support the design of local thermal comfort standards and early heat warning systems

Prevalence of dementia and its associated risk factors among elderly patient attending Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow

Background: Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that causes a chronic, progressive and gradual decrease in cognitive function i.e. ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person’s daily functioning beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. According to American Psychiatric Association, “Dementia is a syndrome caused by a variety of brain illnesses that affect memory, thinking, behaviour and the ability to perform everyday activities”. Aim & Objectives: To assess the prevalence of dementia among the patients above 60 years of age attending the outpatient department of Tertiary care super specialty hospital. To assess the risk factors associated with occurrence of dementia in patients attending outpatient department of Tertiary care super specialty hospital. Settings and Design: Study design: - Cross-sectional observational study. Study area: - Tertiary care super-specialty hospital. Study setting: - Outpatient department (OPD)of Tertiary care super specialty hospital. Methods and Material: Study population: - Patients above 60 years of age and attending Outpatient Department of the tertiary care super specialty hospital. Duration of Study: - 4 months.  Sample size:- 223 elderly participants from the registration counter of the Outpatient Department of tertiary care hospital. Statistical analysis used: Data was analysed using SPSS, version 24.0. Univariate Logistic Regression, Multivariate Logistic Regression, Odds Ratio. Results: The study was conducted on a total of 223 patients out of which only 210 patients completed the questionnaire and matched our criteria. Thus, 210 patients are analysed for the result. In our study which included the patients above 60 years of age out of which the maximum participants (52.4%) were of age group 65-75. In our study 66.2% participants had normal cognitive functioning while 33.8% of total participants were found to have dementia. Out of these 33.8% participants having impaired cognitive functioning, 13.8% and 20% had severe and borderline dementia respectively. Dementia was found to be more common in females. Conclusions: Statistically significant association of dementia has been found with female gender, rural residence, joint family and a greater number of family members, poor education, pan masala consumption, daytime drowsiness, and problem in sleep pattern, social intolerance and frequent fights

ALBUMIN AND ITS ROLE IN UROLITHIASIS

Urolithiasis is a multifactorial disease with an incidence rate of more than one million cases reported annually in India. Various forms of the calculus have been reported to have 90-95% inorganic and 5% organic matter. Out of the major proteins that comprise this organic component of the matrix, albumin, and uromodulin are found to be the most abundant. Albumin is also the most abundant protein in the human blood serum where it plays the role of a transporter of hormones, fatty acids, and other compounds. The increased concentrations of albumin may significantly affect a patient's susceptibility to kidney stone formation. The study of the role of albumin in urolithiasis could give us useful insights on its potential role in this disease and may add to the therapeutic repertoire of albumin