Novel Current-Mode Sensor Interfacing and Radio Blocks for Cell Culture Monitoring

Since 2004 Imperial College has been developing the world’s first application-specific instrumentation aiming at the on-line, in-situ, physiochemical monitoring of adult stem cell cultures. That effort is internationally known as the ‘Intelligent Stem Cell Culture Systems’ (ISCCS) project. The ISCCS platform is formed by the functional integration of biosensors, interfacing electronics and bioreactors. Contrary to the PCB-level ISCCS platform the work presented in this thesis relates to the realization of a miniaturized cell culture monitoring platform. Specifically, this thesis details the synthesis and fabrication of pivotal VLSI circuit blocks suitable for the construction of a miniaturized microelectronic cell monitoring platform. The thesis is composed of two main parts. The first part details the design and operation of a two-stage current-input currentoutput topology suitable for three-electrode amperometric sensor measurements. The first stage is a CMOS-dual rail-class AB-current conveyor providing a low impedancevirtual ground node for a current input. The second stage is a novel hyperbolic-sinebased externally-linear internally-non-linear current amplification stage. This stage bases its operation upon the compressive sinh−1 conversion of the interfaced current to an intermediate auxiliary voltage and the subsequent sinh expansion of the same voltage. The proposed novel topology has been simulated for current-gain values ranging from 10 to 1000 using the parameters of the commercially available 0.8μm AMS CMOS process. Measured results from a chip fabricated in the same technology are also reported. The proposed interfacing/amplification architecture consumes 0.88-95μW. The second part describes the design and practical evaluation of a 13.56MHz frequency shift keying (FSK) short-range (5cm) telemetry link suitable for the monitoring of incubated cultures. Prior to the design of the full FSK radio system, a pair of 13.56MHz antennae are characterized experimentally. The experimental S-parameter-value determination of the 13.56MHz wireless link is incorporated into the Cadence Design Framework allowing a high fidelity simulation of the reported FSK radio. The transmitter of the proposed system is a novel multi-tapped seven-stage ring-oscillator-based VCO whereas the core of the receiver is an appropriately modified phase locked loop (PLL). Simulated and measured results from a 0.8μm CMOS technology chip are reported

Line bundles on the moduli space of Lie algebroid connections over a curve

We explore algebro-geometric properties of the moduli space of holomorphic Lie algebroid (\cat{L}) connections on a compact Riemann surface $X$ of genus $g \geq 3$. We establish a smooth compactification for the moduli space of $\mathcal{L}$-connections such that underlying vector bundle is stable. The complement of the moduli space into its compactification yields a divisor. We give a criterion for the numerical effectiveness of the divisor. We compute the Picard group of the moduli space, and analyze Lie algebroid Atiyah bundles associated with an ample line bundle. This enables us to conclude that regular functions on the space of certain Lie algebroid connections are constants. Moreover, under some condition, we show that the moduli space of $\mathcal{L}$-connections does not admit non-constant algebraic functions. We also explore rational connectedness of the moduli spaces.Comment: 28 page

PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANTI-HYPERLIPIDAEMIC ACTIVITY OF VACHA CHURNA (ACORUS CALAMUS LINN.) AND MUSTA CHURNA (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS LINN.)

Vacha is identified botanically as Acorus calmus Linn belongs to the family Araceae. In Pharmacological study was carried out on Wistar strain albino rats. The activity of the drug was analyzed under the following groups: Group I - Water control, Group II - Cholesterol control, Group III - Vacha Churna and Group IV - Musta Churna. Parameters like ponderal changes, histopathological study of organs, and biochemical parameters mainly the lipid profile were studied. In present study animals administered with hyperlipidaemic diet have shown increase in body weight in comparison to normal rats, however the observed increase is found to be statistically non-significant. Both the test drugs non-significantly attenuated the body weight, among them the magnitude of decreased bodyweight is more in Vacha treated group. In present study administration of hyperlipidaemic diet did not affect the weight if heart, liver and kidney to significant extent in comparison to normal rats. In test drug treated groups also the weight of these organs not affected to significant extent. Administration of Vacha churna and Musta churna did not affect serum lipid parameters in comparison to cholesterol control rats except on serum HDL cholesterol in which moderate attenuation was observed. The test drugs contrary to the expectation did not significantly lower neither the cholesterol nor the triglyceride level in the serum

Motivic invariance for principal GG-bundles with λ\lambda-connections

Let $X$ be a compact connected Riemann surface of genus $g \geq 2$ and $G$ a nontrivial connected reductive affine algebraic group over $\mathbb{C}$. We consider the moduli spaces of regularly stable $G$-Higgs bundles and holomorphic $G$-connections of fixed topological type $d\in \pi_1(G)$. We show that these two moduli spaces have the same Grothendieck motives and their $E$-polynomials are equal. Also, we show that their Hodge structures are pure and isomorphic.Comment: Comments are welcom

Impact of Buddhist thoughts on Cultural Nationalism of India

The colonized nations saw a rise in nationalistic feelings during the height of colonialism in the middle of the 19th century, putting special stress on the concept of shared ancestry, culture, and language. It is important to note that this idea has strong roots in India, where there is a plethora of ancient literature that emphasizes on cultural nationalism, whether it is Vedic, Jain, or Buddhist. In most regions of the continent, Buddhism has had a major geographic and historical presence often for very long times. Additionally, it has had a significant impact on the creation of particular states as well as less formal interpretations and shaping of social and political processes, and this influence has persisted to the present day. It promoted the notion of tolerance and diversity and integrity. Asoka, Kanishka, and Harshavardhan became passionate nationalists who sought to reunite India under a unified state. Both the Mughals and the British did this afterward. Thus, it seems likely that Buddhism contributed to national cohesion. Buddhism has a significant impact on Indian society and culture in every way. The restrictions placed on the populace by the Latter Vedic religion society and literature was lifted. It advocated for social harmony and spoke out against the caste system. Buddhism has had an impact on a variety of art genres, including painting, sculpture, literature, and architecture. Buddhism promoted unrestricted trade between India and other nations. Buddhist monks began disseminating the Buddha's teachings to other countries in the third century B.C. and pilgrims and students from other Buddhist countries began travelling to India to further their education. When foreigners visited India, the rich culture of Buddhism engulfed them; they abandoned their own identities and creeds in favour of Buddhist names and the faith. These outsiders included the mythical Kushana ruler Kanishka and Greek emperors. Buddhism thus had a significant influence on the synthesis that led to the development of contemporary Indian civilization. This paper highlights Buddhism's history, including its rise and fall, as well as how Buddhist teachings have influenced cultural nationalism of India