Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption and Substrate Oxidation Following High-Intensity Interval Training: Effects of Recovery Manipulation

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1151-1165, 2021. The recovery manipulation during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may have the potential to modulate the responses of post-exercise energy metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the type (i.e., passive and active) and duration (i.e., short and long) of the recovery between the intervals in HIIT affect the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and oxidation of fats and carbohydrates during the post-exercise recovery. Eight physically active men performed a maximal incremental test, to determine the peak oxygen consumption (O2peak) and the first ventilatory threshold (VT), and four HIIT exercise sessions on a treadmill. The HIIT exercise sessions consisted of 5 intervals interspersed with 4 recovery periods; each interval was sustained until exhaustion, and the intensity was set at the O2peak velocity; recoveries were passive, active (VT velocity), short (2-min), or long (8-min). The HIIT exercise sessions were performed in a random and crossed manner. After the HIIT exercise sessions, EPOC and oxidation of fats and carbohydrates were measured during the 120-min of post-exercise recovery. There were no differences in the EPOC among the exercise sessions (p = 0.56). There were no differences among the exercise sessions in the amount of energy expended on the oxidation of fats (p = 0.78) and carbohydrates (p = 0.91) during the post-exercise recovery. The recovery manipulation during HIIT does not affect the EPOC and post-exercise fat and carbohydrate oxidation. One can choose the type and duration of recovery, knowing that the post-exercise substrate oxidation and EPOC responses will be preserved

Acute cardiopulmonary responses of women in strength training

OBJETIVE: Investigate the cardiopulmonary responses of one strength training session in young women. METHOD: Twenty-three women aged between 18 and 29 years participated in this study. All the volunteers were submitted to the following tests: cardiopulmonary and one-repetition maximum (1-RM). The strength training protocol had emphasis on muscular hypertrophy, three sets from eight to twelve repetitions under 70% of 1-RM, with a one minute thirty-second break between sets. During the training session, the cardiopulmonary variables were measured with a metabolic gas analyzer and a telemetry module. RESULTS: The results of the oxygen consumption in the training session were from 8.43 + 1.76 ml/kg/min and of the heart rate of 108.08 + 15.26 bpm. The results of the oxygen consumption and of the heart rate in the training were lower (p < 0.01) than in the ventilatory threshold and of the oxygen consumption and the heart rate reserves. CONCLUSION: The obtained data show that the present protocol of strength training provided low overload to the cardiopulmonary system of young women.OBJETIVO: Investigar as respostas cardiopulmonares de uma sessão de treinamento de força em mulheres jovens. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 23 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 29 anos. Todas as voluntárias foram submetidas aos seguintes testes: cardiopulmonar e de uma repetição máxima (1-RM). O protocolo de treinamento de força teve ênfase em hipertrofia muscular, três séries de oito a 12 repetições a 70% de 1-RM, com intervalos de um minuto e 30 segundos entre as séries. Durante a sessão de treinamento foi realizada a medida das variáveis cardiopulmonares por meio de analisador de gases metabólicos e módulo de telemetria. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do consumo de oxigênio da sessão de treinamento foram de 8,43 ± 1,76 ml/kg/min e da frequência cardíaca de 108,08 ± 15,26 bpm. Os resultados do consumo de oxigênio e da frequência cardíaca do treino foram inferiores (p < 0,01) ao do limiar ventilatório e das reservas do consumo de oxigênio e da frequência cardíaca. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos indicam que o presente protocolo de treinamento de força proporcionou pequena sobrecarga ao sistema cardiorrespiratório de mulheres jovens.1215Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Treinamento de Força para Atletas de Elite em Provas de Endurance/Resistance Training for Elite Athletes in Endurance Events

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar trabalhos que investigaram os efeitos do treinamento de força (TF) para o desempenho de endurance. Os principais fatores fisiológicos determinantes das provas de endurance (PE) são o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), o limiar anaeróbio (LAn) e a economia de movimento (EM). Ambos VO2max e LAn são bem estimulados com meios e métodos tradicionais de treinamento e essas duas variáveis parecem ser pouco sensíveis ao TF em pessoas treinadas. Por outro lado, a EM pode ser aperfeiçoada com o TF, mesmo em indivíduos bem treinados em endurance. Portanto, concluímos que o TF colabora para a melhora na endurance, por meio do incremento da EM, e esses resultados sugerem mudança de paradigma na periodização do treinamento de PE.  Palavras chave: fundistas; treinamento de potência; exercícios com pesos; performance.    The aim of this study was to review studies that analyzed the effects of resistance training (RT) on endurance performance. The main physiological determinants of endurance events is the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic threshold (AT) and economy of movement (EM). Both, VO2max and AT, are very encouraged with the means and traditional methods of training and these two variables appear to be few sensitive to people already trained in RT. On the other hand, EM can be improved with the RT even in endurance-trained individuals. Therefore, we conclude that RT contributes to the improvement in endurance, through the increase in EM, and these results suggest a paradigm shift in periodization training of endurance events.  Key words: distance runners; power training; resistance training; performance

Comparison of energy cost of maximal strength and local muscle endurance training in young women

The aim of this study was to compare the energy cost (EC) of two weight training protocols in young women. Twelve women between 18 and 29 years old participated in the study. All the volunteers were under one maximum repetition test (1RM), protocols of maximum strength training (MS), and local muscle endurance training (LME). At rest, during of the training session and 30 minutes of recovery, the measures of the expired air were made through metabolic gases analyzer and module of telemetry. There were not significant differences (p &gt; .05) in EC at rest before MS session  and LME session, the EC in kcal/min was higher (p &lt; .01) during LME  than MS, and the total EC of  MS  was higher (p &gt; .05) than LME session. The energy expenditure returned to resting values before 30 minutes in both sessions. It was concluded that the MS and LME weight training sessions resulted in a low EC.<br /

Efeito de diferentes tempos de pausas passivas no treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade

Effects of different passive pause time during interval high intensity trainingThe ability to recovery and reproduce performance in subsequent intense stimulus is an important to several intermittent sports. The aim of this study was to review the studies that investigated chronically different pause times passive in TI, its physiological mechanisms / adaptive manipulation of its variables and aspects of performance. Were selected articles published at journals indexed in the basis PubMed, Science Citation, Index, Scopus, The Scielo and National Library of Medicine correlating the key words: recovery, sprint repeated, high intensity, Interval training and rest interval. Two studies found improvement with a short recovery and three other studies found no difference between the different rest passive. There is still no consensus in the literature about what pause time is more efficient for the performance of chronic high intensity TI.A habilidade de se recuperar e reproduzir performance em subsequentes estímulos intensos é uma capacidade demasiadamente importante em diversas modalidades esportivas intermitentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os estudos que investigaram de forma crônica os diferentes tempos de pausa passiva no TI, seus mecanismos fisiológicos/adaptativos, a manipulação de suas variáveis e os aspectos de performance. Analisamos os mais relevantes estudos científicos originais publicados nas bases de dados Science Citation, Index, Scopus, The Scielo e National Library of Medicine, combinando as seguintes palavras chave: (recovery, repeated sprint, high intensity, interval training, rest interval). Dois estudos encontraram melhora nas pausas de curta duração e outros três estudos não observaram diferença entre os diferentes tempos de pausa passiva. Ainda não há um consenso na literatura sobre qual tempo de pausa é mais eficiente para a performance crônica do TI de alta intensidade.

Carga para a aplicação de testes de 1-RM em exercícios de membros superiores em mulheres jovens treinadas e não treinadas

O objetivo do estudo foi propor valores de referência para a aplicação dos testes de 1-RM em mulheres jovens treinadas e não treinadas. 90 mulheres, de 18 a 31 anos, agrupadas em: 43 Treinadas (GT) e 47 Não Treinadas (GNT) foram submetidas aos testes de 1-RM nos seguintes exercícios: supino reto, desenvolvimento, rosca direta e tríceps testa. O GT apresentou maiores valores em relação ao GNT, em termos absolutos e relativos: supino reto (GT = 36,44 kg/0,63 e GNT = 27,34 kg/0,46), desenvolvimento (GT = 27,93 kg/0,49 e GNT = 22,70 kg/0,38), rosca direta (GT = 21,63 kg/0,37 e GNT = 15,57 kg/0,26) e tríceps testa (GT = 18,09 kg/0,31 e GNT = 12,55 kg/0,21). Os valores encontrados no estudo podem ser utilizados como referências de cargas para a aplicação dos testes de 1-RM