O Apanhador no campo de centeio : o marginal na literatura

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa : Curitiba, 1989Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração : Literaturas de língua inglesaResumo : Este trabalho pretende examinar o tema da marginalidade em 0 apanhador no campo de centeio, de J. D.Salinger, a partir do estudo do protagonista da obra, o adolescente Holden Caulfield. Na INTRODUÇÃO, explicitamos as razões e os objetivos de nosso estudo, indicamos o que entendemos por marginal e o tipo de marginalidade em que tencionamos nos concentrar; além disso, apresentamos a estrutura planejada para o trabalho e a forma de abordagem que utilizaremos para a análise do romance de Salinger. Na primeira parte, MARGINAL NA MARGINALIDADE, verificamos a construção, profundidade e extensão do caráter marginal do narrador-protagonista de O apanhador no campo de centeio; na segunda parte, MARGINAL DE CHAPÉU E LUVA, analisamos os símbolos heróicos de identificação e proteção que acompanham o personagem. Na terceira parte, MARGINAL DE CORPO E ALMA, demonstramos como a marginalidade do protagonista se reflete, de diversas maneiras, em seu próprio corpo e no corpo narrativo; na quarta parte, MARGINAL-MESSIAS, trabalhamos a noção da postura messiânica do protagonista e a inversão de papéis deste com um importante personagem secundário. Finalmente, na CONCLUSÃO, tecemos uma apreciação sobre o estudo que realizamos, e passamos em revista as etapas e as conclusões a que tal estudo nos conduziu; apresentamos, ainda, algumas considerações subjetivas relativas às questões do marginal e da marginalidade.Abstract : The main purpose of this study is to examine the theme of marginality in The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger, through an analysis of its narrator participant — the adolescent protagonist Holden Caulfield. In the INTRODUCTION, we present the reasons for and objectives of our study, as well as we indicate what we mean by marginal and the kind of marginality we intend to concentrate upon; we also present the structure of the thesis and the approach we have chosen to analyse Salinger's novel. In the first part, MARGINAL WITHIN ITS MARGINALITY, we verify the intensity and the extension of the creation of the marginal personality of the character in The Catcher in the Rye; in the second part, MARGINAL IN HAT AND GLOVE, we analyse the heroic symbols of identification and protection which enhance the symbolic status of the protagonist. In the third part, MARGINAL IN BODY AND SOUL, we demonstrate the way the major character's marginality reflects itself on his own body and in the structure of the narrative as well; in the fourth part, MARGINAL-MESSIAH, we develop the notion of the protagonist's messianic behavior and concentrate upon the inversion of roles that occur between the protagonist and a significant second character. Finally in the CONCLUSION, we examine our study and sum up its phases and the conclusions reached; besides, we present some considerations concerning the notions of marginal and marginality

Carbamazepine inhibits angiotensin I-converting enzyme, linking it to the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy

We find that a common mutation that increases angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity occurs with higher frequency in male patients suffering from refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. However, in their brains, the activity of the enzyme is downregulated. As an explanation, we surprisingly find that carbamazepine, commonly used to treat epilepsy, is an inhibitor of the enzyme, thus providing a direct link between epilepsy and the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems. Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e93; doi:10.1038/tp.2012.21; published online 13 March 2012INNTConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pathol, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Sci & Technol, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilNove de Julho Univ UNINOVE, Dept Rehabil Sci, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pathol, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Sci & Technol, BR-04023032 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Genome of Herbaspirillum seropedicae Strain SmR1, a Specialized Diazotrophic Endophyte of Tropical Grasses

The molecular mechanisms of plant recognition, colonization, and nutrient exchange between diazotrophic endophytes and plants are scarcely known. Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an endophytic bacterium capable of colonizing intercellular spaces of grasses such as rice and sugar cane. The genome of H. seropedicae strain SmR1 was sequenced and annotated by The Paraná State Genome Programme—GENOPAR. The genome is composed of a circular chromosome of 5,513,887 bp and contains a total of 4,804 genes. The genome sequence revealed that H. seropedicae is a highly versatile microorganism with capacity to metabolize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources and with possession of four distinct terminal oxidases. The genome contains a multitude of protein secretion systems, including type I, type II, type III, type V, and type VI secretion systems, and type IV pili, suggesting a high potential to interact with host plants. H. seropedicae is able to synthesize indole acetic acid as reflected by the four IAA biosynthetic pathways present. A gene coding for ACC deaminase, which may be involved in modulating the associated plant ethylene-signaling pathway, is also present. Genes for hemagglutinins/hemolysins/adhesins were found and may play a role in plant cell surface adhesion. These features may endow H. seropedicae with the ability to establish an endophytic life-style in a large number of plant species

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum