Removal of Solophenyl Red 3BL Dye from Textile Effluents by Adsorption Using a Natural Adsorbent Oxalis pes-caprae L.

The aim of the present study was to assess the adsorption potential of a natural adsorbent Oxalis pes-caprae L. for the removal of azo-dye solophenyl red 3BL (SR 3BL) from textile effluents. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of various parameters on the efficiency of the adsorption was studied. The optimum was found with the contact time of 35 minutes, pH of 6, and temperature of 25 °C. The equilibrium experimental data were fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Experimental data were well described with the Langmuir isotherm indicating monolayer adsorption. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models were used to evaluate the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow closely the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Thermodynamics studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

UCx_x target design for the SPIRAL 2 project and the ALTO project

ACC NESTERInternational audienceTwo ways of production of radioactive beams using uranium carbide targets are taken into consideration: fission induced by fast neutrons and by bremsstrahlung radiation. For the SPIRAL 2 project, the fission of 238U in uranium carbide target will be induced by a neutron flow created by bombarding a carbon converter with a 40 MeV high intensity deuteron beam. Calculations and design of the target in order to reach 1013 fissions/s with good release time have been done. The second way is the photofission using an electron beam. In 2005 the ALTO project (Accélérateur Linéaire Auprès du Tandem d'Orsay) will give a 50 MeV/10$\mu$A electron beam. This facility will allow more than 1011 fissions/s. In this case, the electron beam hits the target without converter. Calculations realised in order to estimate the production are used to choose the best target shape. For the two cases some R & D on targets to improve release is described

Clinical and Genetic Study of Algerian Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the second most common lethal autosomal recessive disorder. It is divided into the acute Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (type I), the intermediate form (type II), the Kugelberg-Welander disease (type III), and the adult form (type IV). The gene involved in all four forms of SMA, the so-called survival motor neuron (SMN) gene, is duplicated, with a telomeric (tel SMN or SMN1) and a centromeric copy (cent SMN or SMN2). SMN1 is homozygously deleted in over 95% of SMA patients. Another candidate gene in SMA is the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene; it shows homozygous deletions in 45–67% of type I and 20–42% of type II/type III patients. Here we studied the SMN and NAIP genes in 92 Algerian SMA patients (20 type I, 16 type II, 53 type III, and 3 type IV) from 57 unrelated families, using a semiquantitative PCR approach. Homozygous deletions of SMN1 exons 7 and/or 8 were found in 75% of the families. Deletions of exon 4 and/or 5 of the NAIP gene were found in around 25%. Conversely, the quantitative analysis of SMN2 copies showed a significant correlation between SMN2 copy number and the type of SMA

The intracortical excitability changes underlying the enhancing effects of rewards and punishments on motor performance

Monetary rewards and punishments enhance motor performance and are associated with corticospinal excitability (CSE) increases within the motor cortex (M1) during movement preparation. However, such CSE changes have unclear origins. Based on converging evidence, one possibility is that they stem from increased glutamatergic (GLUTergic) facilitation and/or decreased type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)-mediated inhibition within M1. To investigate this, paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used over the left M1 to evaluate intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short intracortical inhibition (SICI), indirect assays of GLUTergic activity and GABAA-mediated inhibition, in an index finger muscle during the preparation of sequences initiated by either the right index or little finger. Behaviourally, rewards and punishments enhanced both reaction and movement time. During movement preparation, regardless of rewards or punishments, ICF increased when the index finger initiated sequences, whereas SICI decreased when both the index and little fingers initiated sequences. This finding suggests that GLUTergic activity increases in a finger-specific manner whilst GABAA-mediated inhibition decreases in a finger-unspecific manner during preparation. In parallel, both rewards and punishments non-specifically increased ICF, but only rewards non-specifically decreased SICI as compared to neutral. This suggests that to enhance performance rewards both increase GLUTergic activity and decrease GABAA-mediated inhibition, whereas punishments selectively increase GLUTergic activity. A control experiment revealed that such changes were not observed post-movement as participants processed reward and punishment feedback, indicating they were selective to movement preparation. Collectively, these results map the intracortical excitability changes in M1 by which incentives enhance motor performance

Variasi Pemakaian KOH Pada Saponifikasi Berbagai Jenis Minyak Nabati.

Saponifikasi merupakan salah satu metode untuk pembuatan sabun, dimulai dengan bahan baku lemak hewani dan minyak nabati kemudian direaksikan dengan hidroksida dari logam alkali tanah untuk memecah asam lemak dari bahan baku sehingga membentuk garam yang merupakan sabun. Berbagai jenis minyak dibutuhkan, sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan sabun untuk disesuaikan dengan sifat sabun yang akan dibuat. Komponen utama minyak pada sabun dari minyak nabati adalah trigliserida yang mengandung kombinasi berbagai jenis asam lemak untuk membuat sabun dengan sifat tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh variasi jumlah KOH terhadap karakteristik sabun cair berdasarkan SNI dan mengeidentifikasi pengaruh variasi jenis minyak terhadap karakteristik sabun yang dihasilkan. Pada penelitian ini minyak nabati yang digunakan minyak alpukat dan minyak kelapa. Minyak nabati yang berasal dari trigliserida direaksikan dengan alkali berupa KOH. Suhu yang digunakan adalah 80 ̊ C sampai 100 ̊ C. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan saponifikasi proses batch dengan semi boiled. Hal yang mempengaruhi dari variasi persen kelebihan KOH pada pembuatan sabun cair dari VCO dan minyak alpukat ialah stabilitas busa , pengujian organoleptik pada bentuk cair homogen, warna yang khas, dan beraroma khas sesuai SNI. Hal yang dipengaruhi oleh variasi jenis minyak pada pembuatan sabun cair dari VCO dan minyak alpukat ialah stabilitas busa, bentuk, warna, daya bersih, dan daya kesat

Variasi Pemakaian KOH Pada Saponifikasi Berbagai Jenis Minyak Nabati

Saponifikasi merupakan salah satu metode untuk pembuatan sabun, dimulai dengan bahan baku lemak hewani dan minyak nabati kemudian direaksikan dengan hidroksida dari logam alkali tanah untuk memecah asam lemak dari bahan baku sehingga membentuk garam yang merupakan sabun. Berbagai jenis minyak dibutuhkan, sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan sabun untuk disesuaikan dengan sifat sabun yang akan dibuat. Komponen utama minyak pada sabun dari minyak nabati adalah trigliserida yang mengandung kombinasi berbagai jenis asam lemak untuk membuat sabun dengan sifat tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh variasi jumlah KOH terhadap karakteristik sabun cair berdasarkan SNI dan mengeidentifikasi pengaruh variasi jenis minyak terhadap karakteristik sabun yang dihasilkan. Pada penelitian ini minyak nabati yang digunakan minyak alpukat dan minyak kelapa. Minyak nabati yang berasal dari trigliserida direaksikan dengan alkali berupa KOH. Suhu yang digunakan adalah 80 ̊ C sampai 100 ̊ C. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan saponifikasi proses batch dengan semi boiled. Hal yang mempengaruhi dari variasi persen kelebihan KOH pada pembuatan sabun cair dari VCO dan minyak alpukat ialah stabilitas busa , pengujian organoleptik pada bentuk cair homogen, warna yang khas, dan beraroma khas sesuai SNI. Hal yang dipengaruhi oleh variasi jenis minyak pada pembuatan sabun cair dari VCO dan minyak alpukat ialah stabilitas busa, bentuk, warna, daya bersih, dan daya kesat

The ALTO project at IPN-Orsay

The availability of both a tandem deuteron beam and a linac electron beam, the latter converted into Bremsstrahlung, at the new ALTO facility at IPN-Orsay offers a unique opportunity to compare the performance of a laser ion guide under different regimes. The ALTO accelerator has delivered its first electron beam at the end of 2005 and a design for a gas-cell prototype is being studied