Some Child Cost Estimates for South Africa

The heterogeneous demographic composition of South African households means that the way that household income or expenditure is converted into an individual-level welfare measure is likely to matter. This paper examines the monetary and time costs of the most common economic dependents in households: children. The monetary costs of children are estimated at about half those of an adult. Time costs are substantial, and borne almost exclusively by women. Estimates that incorporate time costs suggest that children’s “full costs” are about twice monetary costs alone; with household resources fixed, the average, combined expenditure and time impact of children is very similar to adding an equivalent number of adults.Household Demand, Time Allocation and Labor Supply, Child Care

Examining AIDS-related adult mortality in the KwaZulu-Natal income dynamics surveys: employment, earnings and direct mortality costs

In the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics surveys (covering black households in the province in 3 surveys spanning 1993 to 2004), the mortality rate of 21-50 year-olds rises by 157% from 1993-1998 to 1998-2003. This paper compares this surge in mortality with the ASSA model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and ?nds that, while the data appear broadly representative of likely, actual mortality, non-random attrition is a concern. Preliminary ?ndings on the labour market pro?le of individuals suffering premature adult mortality in the 1998-2004 period, an estimate of foregone earnings, and the direct pre-death care and burial costs associated with their deaths, are presented

The Labour Supply Effects of the South African State Old Age Pension: Theory, Evidence and Implications

This paper examines the impact of South Africa’s state old age pension on the labour supply of working age members of pension-receiving households. A range of identification strategies are employed in an attempt to make full use of recent labour force survey data. Results suggest fairly modest, negative impacts on participation and employment on average, but a pronounced, positive migration impact. As such, they marry the results of Bertrand, Mullainathan and Miller (2003) and Posel, Fairburn and Lund (2006), using more recent (and nationally-representative) data. Concluding sections consider implications, and question whether gender-differentiated effects are grounds for rejecting the income-pooling hypothesis.Labour Supply, Social Security and Public Pensions, Intrahousehold Allocation

From research excellence to brand relevance an alternative model for strategic higher education reputation building

Abstract: In this article a novel approach to reputation development at higher education institutions is argued. Global reputation development at higher education institutions is largely driven by research excellence, predominantly measured by research output, and predominantly reflected in hierarchical university rankings which, in turn, is equated with brand equity. It is argued that the current approach to reputation development in higher education institutions is modernist and linear, strangely out of kilter with the complexities of a transforming society in flux, the demands of a diversity of stakeholders, and the drive towards transdisciplinarity, laterality, reflexivity and relevance in science itself. Whilst good research remains an important ingredient of a university’s brand value, a case is made for brand relevance, cocreated in collaboration with stakeholders, as an alternative, non-linear way of differentiation, in light of challenges in strategic science globally, as well as trends and shifts in the emerging paradigm of strategic communication. In applying strategic communication principles to current trends and issues in strategic science and the communication thereof, an alternative model for strategic reputation building at higher education institutions is developed

Die Franse bydrae tot en invloed op Africana-literatuur vanaf 1622 tot 1902 met spesiale verwysing na Franse en vroee Afrikaanse tekste.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1985.No abstract available

Le sense de la destinee chez Gerard de Nerval

Includes bibliographical references.Gerard de Nerval (1808-1855), French author and poet, suffered his first mental breakdown.in 1841. In spite of treatment in a private asylum, the last years of his life were spent on the verge of mental collapse. The author's mental illness, however, did not impair his great literary output. In fact, his greatest works Les filles du feu and Chimères were written during this period. In our research, we set ourselves the goal of determining the way in which Nerval overcomes his destiny by the creation of literary works which are the antithesis of his mental disarray

The broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus agent cidofovir inhibits lung metastasis of virus-independent, FGF2-driven tumors.

The FDA-approved anti-DNA virus agent cidofovir (CDV) is being evaluated in phase II/III clinical trials for the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumors. However, previous observations had shown that CDV also inhibits the growth of vascular tumors induced by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2)-transformed FGF2-T-MAE cells. Here, we demonstrate that CDV inhibits metastasis induced by FGF2-driven, virus-independent tumor cells. Pre-treatment of luciferase-expressing FGF2-T-MAE cells with CDV reduced single cell survival and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and lung metastasis formation upon intravenous inoculation into SCID mice. This occurred in the absence of any effect on homing of FGF2-T-MAE cells to the lungs and on the growth of subconfluent cell cultures or subcutaneous tumors in mice. Accordingly, CDV protected against lung metastasis when given systemically after tumor cell injection. Lung metastases in CDV-treated mice showed reduced Ki67 expression and increased nuclear accumulation of p53, indicating that CDV inhibits metastasis by affecting single cell survival properties. The anti-metastatic potential of CDV was confirmed on B16-F10 melanoma cells, both in zebrafish embryos and mice. These findings suggest that CDV may have therapeutic potential as an anti-metastatic agent and warrants further study to select those tumor types that are most likely to benefit from CDV therapy

TEST-RETEST STUDY OF THE SIX-MINUTE WALK TEST IN PEOPLE WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER

Background: The multidisciplinary care for bipolar disorder is highly fragmented with limited opportunities for prevention and treatment of medical co-morbidities. We examined the reliability of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary aims were to assess minimal detectable changes (MDC95), practice effects and the impact of clinical conditions. Subjects and methods: Two 6MWTs were administered within 3 days to 46 (23♂) inpatients with a DSM-V diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Physical complaints before and after the 6MWT were recorded. Patients completed the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS-SR) and Hypomania Check List-32. Results: Patients walked 594.7±121.3 meters and 600.0±122.9 meters at the first and second test. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.97-0.99). The MDC95 was 37.8 meters for men and 52.9 meters for women. No practice effect was detected. Longer illness duration, higher QIDS-SR scores and the presence of feet or ankle static problems or pain were independently related to shorter 6MWT distance accounting for 59.8% of the variance. Conclusion: The 6MWT is a clinically feasible tool for evaluating the functional exercise capacity in patients with bipolar disorder. Health care professionals should consider depression and physical pain when developing rehabilitation programmes