FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH-DISSOLVING FILM OF AN H1 ANTIHISTAMINE DRUG

Objective: The objective of present work was to develop a Mouth dissolving film of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride drug by Solvent casting method using different natural polymers. The best polymer was selected on the basis of the release of the drug and disintegration time. Methods: Sodium alginate and Guar gum are used as a natural polymers. Starch is used as a disintegrant. Glycerol is used as a plasticizer. Citric acid is usedas a saliva-stimulating agent. Mannitol is used as a sweetener. Peppermint oil as a flavoring agent. Mouth-dissolving films were prepared by using the solvent casting method. Results: The compatibility study of the drug with different natural polymers was carried out. The IR spectral studies showed no interaction between drug and polymers. Obtained satisfactory results for Preformulation and post-formulation tests. Formulation F6 containing sodium alginate, F9 containing guar gum and F14 containing a combination ratio of (Sodium alginate: guar gum) showed good results throughout the study. The stability studies on the formulations F6, F9 and F14 indicates that there is no significant change in physical appearance, disintegration time and drug content release study. Conclusion: From the results, it was concluded that the Mouth dissolving films of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride containing natural polymer sodium alginate (F6) showed the least disintegration time (14.28 sec), highest dissolution rate (98.24%) than the formulation containing natural polymer guar gum and combination ratio of (Sodium alginate: guar gum)

Lehya formulations for mother and child care in Havyak community of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India

The period between pregnancy and the child birth is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies. In most of the Asian countries including India, the use of medicinal plants, cultural traditions and the diets practiced by the ethnic groups have their age old histories. Present study was carried out to compile the traditional knowledge of the age old practitioners on pre and postnatal remedies. The survey was carried out in the areas of Sirsi, Siddapur and Mundgod taluks of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka state, India. Medicinal plants were collected and quantitative data analyses like Use Value (UV), Relative frequency citation (Rfc) and Family Importance Value (FIV) have been provided to analyze the importance of reported plants. The study revealed the use of 28 plant species belonging to 19 families. The home remedies for pregnant women are in the form of paste, called ‘Lehya’ in local language. Habit-wise analysis of the plants indicate that herbs are highly used (35.71%) and in most of the case fruits (32.14%) and seeds (25%) are frequently used plant parts in ‘Lehya’ preparation. The most important plant species according to the quantitative data analysis are Cassia sophera, Centella asiatica, Cocos nucifera, Cucumis melo var. acidulus, Curcuma longa, Phoenix dactylifera and Syzygium aromaticum

Genetic Divergence for Yield, Physiological and Quality Traits in Super-Early Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan. (l.) Millsp.)

The present investigation aimed to study genetic divergence and clustering pattern of 37super-early pigeon pea genotypes. Analysis of variance and hierarchical cluster analysis of tocher’s method revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits under study. Based on genetic distance (D2 value), the 37 genotypes were grouped into 9 distinctive clusters, of which cluster I and II formed the largest clusters with 10 genotypes in each. Among all the characters understudy, leaf area index(LAI) at 60 DAS contributed more to the divergence followed by leaf area (17.02) and leaf area index (12.71) at maturity. Based on the average inter-cluster distance, the cluster III and IX (66.93) tailed by cluster III and VIII (64.86) and cluster VI and VIII (64.06) showed higher inter-cluster distance depicting the wider divergence. Trait-wise selection of diverse parents from the above clusters aids in exploitation of heterosis in superearly pigeon pea

Genetic Variability for Yield, Physiological and Quality Traits in Novel Super-Early Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)

Super-early pigeonpea are novel genotypes that are reported to be photoperiod insensitive making it possible to grow it in non-traditional regions. Estimation of genetic parameters would be useful in developing appropriate selection and breeding strategies. A study was conducted to evaluate 37 super-early pigeonpea genotypes to access the magnitude of variability and to study heritable component of variation present in the yield, physiological and quality traits. The results revealed that traits leaf area duration between 60 DAS & maturity followed by leaf area & leaf area index at maturity, net assimilation between 60 DAS & maturity, leaf area index & leaf area at 60 DAS, leaf area duration between 60 DAS & maturity and plant height had high had higher PCV and GCV values. In general, phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) estimates were higher than genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) estimates for all the characters under study, but the difference was relatively small indicating that these characters were less influenced by the environment and selection to improve those traits might be effective. High heritability combined with high genetic advance as a percent of mean was noted for all the traits except protein content conveying the governance of additive gene on trait expression. Anticipating these traits as selection index reaps competent improvement in yield, physiological and quality traits in early maturing pigeonpea

Study of CGMS based Short Duration Hybrids of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] In Terms of Heterosis

Twenty seven pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] hybrids were developed by hand pollination using three CMS lines (A lines) and nine testers (R lines). These hybrids along with their parents and two standard checks (VL Arhar1 and ICPL 161) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif 2016-17 for the heterosis studies. Results indicated that the crosses ICPA 2039 x ICPL161 and ICPA 2039 x ICPL 90048 had manifested significant heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over two checks viz., VL Arhar1 and ICPL 161 for grain yield per plant and yield contributing characters. The stability of these promising crosses can be studied across the different environments and feasibility for their commercial utilisation could be tested in further generations

Performance of Parents and Hybrids of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in terms of Yield and Yield Contributing Characters

Twelve parents were used in the crossing programme to produce 27 hybrids in L×T fashion during kharif 2015-16. In the field conditions, parents and hybrids were planted in Randomized Block Design of three replications and evaluated for the performance in terms of yield and yield contributing characters during kharif 2016-17. Observations were recorded on ten characters viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, grain yield per plant and harvest index. It was observed that increase in number of pods per plant directly contributed to increased yield. Among the twenty seven hybrids, ICPA 2039 × ICPL 161, ICPA 2039 × ICPL 90048 and ICPA 2039 × ICPL149 had high grain yield

Studies on CGMS Based Short Duration Hybrids of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in Terms of Combining Ability

To estimate combining ability, twenty seven hybrids were made from 12 parents in a line × tester mating design during Kharif 2015-16 and tested in a Randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2016-17. Among these parents ICPL 161 and ICPL 149 had desirable GCA effect for grain yield per plant and its contributing characters. Ten crosses exhibited significant positive SCA effect for grain yield. Out of them most promising crosses in terms of grain yield were ICPA 2039 × ICPL 161, ICPA 2156 × ICPL 86022 and ICPA 2039 × ICPL 90048. On the basis of per se performance and combining ability, the parents ICPA 2039, ICPL 88039, ICPL 161 and ICPL 149 can be used for future hybridization programmes

Hybrid pigeonpea: best bet for maximizing productivity in dry lands

Pigeonpea is a hardy, widely adapted, drought tolerant crop and an integral component of cropping systems of small and marginal farmers of SAT regions of the globe. The global pigeonpea area, production and yield is approximately 6.23 mha, 4.74 MT and 762.4 kg ha -1 respectively (FAOSTAT 2015). Inflated market prices coupled with stagnant productivity have created a substantial demand supply gap. This alerted breeders to break the yield plateau by harnessing the inherent heterotic potential, as no further horizontal increase in area under pigeonpea was possible. Yield advantage in maize, rice, wheat and grain sorghum through hybrid technology triggered the adaptance of the latter in pigeonpea. As hand emasculation and pollination was not commercially feasible, male sterile lines became imperative for utilization of available natural out-crossing in pigeonpea. Thus, the first pigeonpea hybrid ICPH 8 was developed using GMS source in 1991, followed by PPH4, CoH1, AKPH4104 and AKPH2022.Though the bottlenecks of GMS system led to the development of the first CMS- based pigeonpea hybrid GTH-1 the first commercial CMS hybrid was ICPH 267. It has greater root mass, depth and ability to draw moisture from deeper soil profiles. Its fast root growth also helps in overcoming short spells of early season drought that is often encountered in July-sown rainfed crops. Hybrids have recorded 20% to 30% yield advantage over existing varieties and seed production technology has been standardized for large-scale production of commercial hybrids. SSR based hybrid purity assessment kits are also developed for testing GOT. The hydraulic characteristics of pigeonpea roots is an interesting asset for both nutrient and water uptake. In this context, hybrid pigeonpea is the best bet for maximizing dryland productivity

Decision support system for regional domestic energy planning

163-174 Rural energy planning depends solely on the existing levels of energy consumption in domestic sector. In India, energy requirements for cooking and water heating depend predominantly on biomass fuels, which are often burnt in traditional stoves (efficiency 3/capita/d. </smarttagtype