153 research outputs found
Straussâs Farabi
This article considers a difference between Farabiâs political views and
Strauss political view at one part and showing how Strauss has skillfully
diverged from Farabiâs path on the other part. For this purpose, and because
of the wide range of works from both thinkers, I will consider one work from
Farabi under the title of The philosophy of Plato and one work of Strauss
under the title of Farabiâs Plato which they have already bounded together in
a view to the context. It must be discussed and analysis that how and why
Strauss took such a view in aforementioned work about Farabi which is not easy
to discover. To make the discussion more concrete, I will explain some
esoteric notion of Farabiâs political view
A Revision to the Issue of Frames by Non-minimal Large Field Inflation
We present an extended study of inflationary models that inflaton field is non-minimally coupled with gravity. We study parameters space of the models up to the second (and in some cases third) order of the slow-roll parameters for usual large field potentials in Jordan and Einstein frames that are connected each other by conformal transformation. We calculate inflationary parameters and the results are compared in both frames and also with observations. By using the recent observational datasets, we present a discussion in order to clarify the physical frame between Jordan and Einstein frames. Also, some suggestions are expressed in order to navigate us for the future works
Evaluating Political Act of Aggression
Political theories and ideologies are arguably the foundations of political
power relations [1], the process of exercise of power between an authority and
subject. Because different political theories apply contrary principles, the
legitimacy of political actions, as judged by their norms and effectiveness
[2], is an on-going and contentious discussion. The use of different
principles leads to different practical exercises such as, acquisition,
procedures and the practice of political power. For instance, western
political theories take for granted that political legitimacy is based on the
principles of human rights, the concept of âpower toâ viz. the mutual
appreciation of rights, and the rights of citizens and governments which is
the concept of âpower of â, viz. the moral significance of claiming to a
right. Such principles in nonwestern power relations are not fully appreciate,
thus the sovereignty relying merely on one concept of power: the concept of
âpower overâ which implies domination. The western principles for a legitimate
power relation is not only vital for current political relations, including
the ability to secure and to develop peace, but also to recognize and address
the illegitimate state and their instruments. Given this premise, we can
normatively and empirically assess âpolitical acts of aggressionâ, or stateâs
coercion which are arguably an instrument of every political power. Indeed,
such contribution referring mostly to the modern authoritarian/totalitarian
states in the Middle East and North Africa which have been used coercion or
political aggression in their power relations.1 Moreover, it is important to
distinguish legitimate and illegitimate political acts of aggression. The
difference will be examined through examples of acts of aggression in
politics, carried out especially from top-down approach
The Case of Reliance on the Credenda and the Medieval Justification of Political Power
This paper assesses two instruments of power: the miranda and credenda of
power. These instruments can be found in different power systems and regimes:
in ancient Greece, Islamic medieval states or even in Modern Middle Easter
states. The first approach is historical, which helps to understand the origin
of the miranda and credenda of power. The second approach is theoretical,
which helps to show both the miranda and credenda of power that are used to
assess the claims to the justification of power. As a critique, this paper
shows that semi-democracies, fascist states, theocracies, and communist
regimes use these instruments excessively to justify their power. Abuse of
such instrument is only possible by generating ânegative political
consciousnessâ of which aim is to make folks to become rightless and
powerless. Such trend is a threat to a healthy democracy. The aim of this
paper attempts to show the important role of miranda and credenda of power in
justification of power
Isocratesâ Role in Ancient Greek Political Idea ; Start Point of Western Political Philosophy
Political participation and the public education that have always been
deployed to support the incipient progress of the civic life are revived in
the modern political discourses. It has been believed that the age of pre-
Socrates was the age of the Sophists whose acrid fallacy works occupied the
political sphere, a malaise in government. However, speaking non-traditionally
in the modern pedagogical system, there were some pre-Socratic thinkers and
political philosophers/orators whoâs works are the backbone of modern
discourse on this matter. It will be examined whether any part of the
classical rhetoric apparatus can be recovered and put to a good practice in
the modern education and modern political participation. This point will be
illustrated, furthermore, in this paper by alleging the importance of
rhetoric, its role in Ancient Greek Democracy, and its influence on the modern
concepts of power and democracy, as a continual element in a historical-
political life. The further consideration is whether there was any democratic
Polis existed in Ancient Athens and then, if there was, what characteristics
it consisted of. Moreover, whether such concept can or should be considered in
modern political discourses. In this sense, the liberal, non-dogmatic strain
of the sophistry of Isocrates tradition urges us to indicate that the findings
of this educational principles are, if not necessary, but adjutant
complementary metes to our modern political knowledge of the states. In the
end, it is inquired to see comparatively that how the tradition of rhetorical
art and the concept of power in the Ancient Greek society have pertained to
the modern democratic elements and whether we are able to empower this
influential element in modern states
Slow-roll inflation in non-metric gravity
We discuss the cosmological inflation in the context of non-metric
gravity, where is the non-metric scalar. After introducing conformal
transformations for gravity, we first focus on the potential-slow-roll
inflation by studying the corresponding potentials for different forms of the
function in the Einstein frame. Secondly, we investigate the
Hubble-slow-roll inflation for three classes of inflationary potentials
considered for the specific form , in the Jordan frame. We
compare results in both approaches with observations coming from Planck and
BICEP2/Keck array satellites. Observational constraints on the parameters space
of the models are obtained as well.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication ion Physics of the Dark
Univers
Inhibitory effect of plant essential oils on Malassezia strains from Iranian dermatitis patients
Introduction: The genus Malassezia is an important skin resident of human. The present study
aimed to analyze in vitro activity of the essential oils of Lavandula stoechas, Cuminum cyminum
and Artemisia sieberi against clinical strains of Malassezia species.
Methods: A total of 47 Malassezia strains, including Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa and
Malassezia obtuse, were used in this study. A disk diffusion technique was selected for testing the
susceptibility of Malassezia strains to the essential oils.
Results: All the essential oils showed in vitro activity against Malassezia strains, with M. furfur and
M. obtusa being the highest and lowest susceptible of the strains, respectively. The highest antifungal
activity was associated with the essential oil of C. cyminum (mean ± SD: 50.0 ± 0.0 mm), followed by
L. stoechas (mean ± SD: 46.8 ± 3.1 mm) and A. sieberi (mean ± SD: 36.9 ± 5.7 mm). The inhibition
zone ranges were 12.5 to 15.6 mm (mean ± SD: 14.4 ± 1.6 mm) for ketoconazole and 11.6 to 13.3 mm
(mean ± SD: 12.4 ± 0.9 mm) for fluconazole. Although all the antifungal drugs were found to possess
good antifungal activities against Malassezia strains, their effects were lower than the activities shown
by the essential oils tested (P<0.05).
Conclusion: These results indicated that the essential oils tested, especially the one from C. cyminum,
inhibited the growth of clinical strains of Malassezia, implying its potential use in the treatment of
Malassezia infections. This indicates that this plant may be useful in preparation of new drugs
What is the amplitude of the Gravitational Waves background expected in the Starobinsky model ?
The inflationary model proposed by Starobinski in 1979 predicts an amplitude
of the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves, parametrized by the tensor
to scalar ratio, of in case of a scalar spectral index of
. This amplitude is currently used as a target value in the design
of future CMB experiments with the ultimate goal of measuring it at more than
five standard deviations. Here we evaluate how stable are the predictions of
the Starobinski model on considering the experimental uncertainties on
and the assumption of CDM. We also consider inflationary models
where the term in Starobinsky action is generalized to a term
with index close to unity. We found that current data place a lower limit
of at C.L. for the classic Starobinski model, and predict
also a running of the scalar index different from zero at more than three
standard deviation in the range . A level
of gravitational waves of is therefore possible in the Starobinski
scenario and it will not be clearly detectable by future CMB missions as
LiteBIRD and CMB-S4. When assuming a more general inflation we found
no expected lower limit on , and a running consistent with zero. We found
that current data are able to place a tight constraints on the index of
models at C.L. i.e. .Comment: Corrected a typo in the potential normalizatio
On the constant roll complex scalar field inflationary models
In this paper we wish to point out the possibility of using a complex scalar
field in a constant roll inflationary model, as needed for observational
viability. We extend the idea of real field inflaton with constant rate of roll
to a complex field, showing the feasibility of solving Einstein Klein-Gordon
equations constrained by an \emph{appropriate} form of constant roll
definition. As compared to the well known (two-parametric class of) real field
models, there is one more degree of flexibility in constant roll inflationary
solutions which is represented by an arbitrary function of time, .
We work with an arbitrary but constant function (where
refers to the corresponding real field model) and find new inflationary class
of potentials. In this class of models, the behavior of real and complex field
models are similar in some aspects, for example the solutions with large
constant roll parameter are not stable and should be considered as early time
transients. These field solutions relax at late time on a dual attractor
trajectory. However, complex fields phase space trajectories reach this stable
regime after real fields.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure
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