An Efficient and Green Procedure for the Preparation of Acylals from Aldehydes Catalyzed by Alum [KAl(SO4)2.12H2O]

Alum [KAl(SO4)2.12H2O] is an inexpensive, efficient, non-toxic and mild catalyst for the preparation of acylals from aromatic and heteroaryl aldehydes with acetic anhydride at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. This method gives remarkable advantages such as excellent chemoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times and excellent yields, and offers a green synthetic solution by avoiding toxic catalysts and hazardous solvents.Keywords: Alum, acylals, aromatic and heteroaryl aldehydes, solvent-free synthesis, room temperatur

Synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-benzimidazoles using chlorosulfonic acid at room temperature

AbstractChlorosulfonic acid (ClSO3H) used to be a catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-benzimidazoles which was efficiently simple and convenient. This method afforded short reaction time, easy workup, moderate to excellent isolated yields which make this protocol practical and economically attractive

Antigen receptor repertoires of one of the smallest known vertebrates

The rules underlying the structure of antigen receptor repertoires are not yet fully defined, despite their enormous importance for the understanding of adaptive immunity. With current technology, the large antigen receptor repertoires of mice and humans cannot be comprehensively studied. To circumvent the problems associated with incomplete sampling, we have studied the immunogenetic features of one of the smallest known vertebrates, the cyprinid fish Paedocypris sp. “Singkep” (“minifish”). Despite its small size, minifish has the key genetic facilities characterizing the principal vertebrate lymphocyte lineages. As described for mammals, the frequency distributions of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor clonotypes exhibit the features of fractal systems, demonstrating that self-similarity is a fundamental property of antigen receptor repertoires of vertebrates, irrespective of body size. Hence, minifish achieve immunocompetence via a few thousand lymphocytes organized in robust scale-free networks, thereby ensuring immune reactivity even when cells are lost or clone sizes fluctuate during immune responses

Research Paper Solvent free and High yielding Synthesis of new ethyl 2-(ethoxyphosphono)-2-(2- chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-cyanoethanoates from ethyl 3-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-2- cyanoacrylate

Abstract: Solvent free, and high yielding synthesis of new ethyl 2-(ethoxyphosphono)-2-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-cyanoethanoates from ethyl 3-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-2-cyanoacrylate, obtained from 2-chloroquinolin-3-carbaldehydes by using triethylphosphite in the presence of TMSCl at room temperature

Morpholinium bisulfate [morH][HSO4]: An efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes

Morpholinium bisulfate [morH][HSO4] ionic liquid was found to be an effective catalyst for the condensation reaction of indoles with carbonyl compound at room temperature. Present methodology has several merits such as mild reaction condition, inexpensive catalyst, stable at room temperature and it was also found that this catalyst could be recovered quantitatively and reused without much loss of catalytic activity

Chromosome-level assembly of the horseshoe crab genome provides insights into its genome evolution

10.1038/s41467-020-16180-1Nature Communications111232

1,2,3-Triazolyl Phenylhydrazones as Antioxidant Agents: An Ultrasound Promoted Catalyst-Free Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study

An efficient, ultrasound assisted catalyst-free, green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl phenylhydrazone derivatives under environmentally benign condition. The antioxidant activity for all the synthesized derivatives were evaluated in vitro by using 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The compounds 6a, 6e, 6f, and 6i were shows an excellent antioxidant activity than the standard drug butylated hydroxy toluene with IC50 values in the range 12.03 ± 0.11–14.07 ± 0.31 µg/mL. Molecular docking study was also performed to elaborate their possible interactions with Myeloperoxidase enzyme. Furthermore, in silico ADME properties for all the compounds were also studied. </p