An Analysis Based on the Manufacturing Architecture of the Computerization of Local Governments in Japan

In this study, we examine the computerization activities of local governments to determine the relationships of architecture. Focusing on the characteristics of the design, development, and operation of computerization, we propose the architecture of computerization based on the manufacturing architecture. Furthermore, we analyze several cases and try to classify the information activities of organizations. We also refer our empirical survey to clarify the actual situation of e-government digitization in Japan. We show the classification of computerized activities in a local government and the future use of computerization based on the above considerations

No Correlation Exists between Disease Activity and the Expression of Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective. The genes for killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) have been cloned and their functions and expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been partially clarified. However, the correlation between their expression and disease activity has not been analyzed in patients with RA. Thus, we measured KIR expression on lymphocytes in patients with RA, and assessed the correlation between KIR expression and disease activity. Patients and Methods. In the cross-sectional study, 15 patients (9 females and 6 males) who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RA were assessed. In the longitudinal study, patients who were followed-up for 3 months were assessed. CD158a/b expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of RA patients was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results. No significant correlation between KIR expression and CRP, ESR, or IgM-RF was observed. There was no remarkable change in the expression of KIRs between the baseline and after 3 months. Additionally, in the 5 patients whose expression of KIRs particularly changed, the time-related changes in the expression of KIRs were independent from those of inflammation parameters and IgM-RF. Conclusion. There was no correlation between KIR expression and disease activity; therefore, the clinical use of KIR expression should be limited, while unnatural KIR expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA, but not a recruitment of chronic inflammation to induce joint damage

ケイエイ ジョウホウ システム ケンキュウ ノ ヘンセン ト テンボウ

本稿の目的は、以下の3つの問題意識に応えることにある。第一に、情報システムの変遷を辿るとともにIT と経営との相互作用という視点から経営情報システム研究の目的や範囲がどのように変化して来たのであろうか。次々と生まれるIT の革新が経営情報システム研究にどのように影響を与えたかについて取り上げる。第二に、IT と経営との統合が進む中で、経営情報システム研究は経営の中に埋没するのであろうか、それとも独自性を保ち得るのであろうか。改めて経営情報システム研究の存在意義について取り上げる。第三に、IT の進展に伴い、これからの経営情報システム研究の発展可能性をどこに求めたらよいのであろうか。経営情報システム研究について展望する

液状化細胞診材料を用いた遺伝子解析による腫瘍特異的遺伝子検出感度の検討

Liquid-based cytology (LBC) analysis of sputum is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool for detecting lung cancer. DNA and RNA derived from lung cancer cells can be used for this diagnosis. However, the quality of cytological material is not always adequate for molecular analysis due to the effect of formalin in the commercially available fixation kits. In this study, we examined DNA and RNA extraction methods for LBC analysis with formalin fixation, using lung carcinoma cell lines and sputum. The human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines were fixed with LBC fixation reagents, such as CytoRich red preservative. Quantification of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and actin mRNA, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) DNA in HCC827, H1975, and H1299 cells, and mutation analysis of EGFR in HCC827 and H1975 cells were performed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based preferential homoduplex formation assay (F-PHFA) method, respectively. mRNA and DNA extracted from cell lines using RNA and/or DNA extraction kits for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) fixed with various LBC solutions were efficiently detected by qPCR. The detection limit of EGFR mutations was at a rate of 5% mutated positive cells in LBC. The detection limit of the EGFR exon 19 deletion in HCC827 was detected in more than 1.5% of the positive cells in sputum. In contrast, the detection limit of the T790M/L858R mutation in H1975 was detected in more than 13% of the positive cells. We also detected EGFR mutations using next generation sequencing (NGS). The detection limit of NGS for EGFR mutation was lower than that of the F-PHFA method. Furthermore, more than 0.1% of positive cells could be cytomorphologically detected. Our results demonstrate that LBC systems are powerful tools for cytopathological and genetic analyses. However, careful attention should be paid to the incidence of false negative results in the genetic analysis of EGFR mutations detected by LBC.博士（医学）・甲第750号・令和2年6月30日© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

膀胱癌細胞株において、ヘパラナーゼを阻害することにより、細胞浸潤、遊走、接着能を抑制する

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1, CD138, is known to be associated with cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration in malignancies. We previously reported that syndecan-1 (CD138) may contribute to urothelial carcinoma cell survival and progression. We investigated the role of heparanase, an enzyme activated by syndecan-1 in human urothelial carcinoma. Using human urothelial cancer cell lines, MGH-U3 and T24, heparanase expression was reduced with siRNA and RK-682, a heparanase inhibitor, to examine changes in cell proliferation activity, induction of apoptosis, invasion ability of cells, and its relationship to autophagy. A bladder cancer development mouse model was treated with RK-682 and the bladder tissues were examined using immunohistochemical analysis for Ki-67, E-cadherin, LC3, and CD31 expressions. Heparanase inhibition suppressed cellular growth by approximately 40% and induced apoptosis. The heparanase inhibitor decreased cell activity in a concentration-dependent manner and suppressed invasion ability by 40%. Inhibition of heparanase was found to suppress autophagy. In N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder cancer mice, treatment with heparanase inhibitor suppressed the progression of cancer by 40%, compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that heparanase inhibitor suppressed cell growth, and autophagy. In conclusion, heparanase suppresses apoptosis and promotes invasion and autophagy in urothelial cancer.博士（医学）・乙第1506号・令和3年3月15日© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

自治体における公共工事調達とIT調達の比較による政策的一考察

公共調達は、公金を扱うことから、その公平性や透明性の確保が求められている。ところが、公共工事調達では、談合が過去から幾度となく繰り返され、その度にマスコミなどで大きく取り上げられ、毎年のように中央政府や自治体の幹部がその地位を追われている。一方、IT調達は、2000年ごろ大手IT事業者による極端な安値での入札が続出したため、公平な競争を阻害するとして公正取引委員会から警告が発せられた。これらの公共調達の問題は、住民の信頼を損ねることとして社会的な関心も強く、そのあり方が問われている。本稿では、公共調達の変遷をたどり、入札制度とその運用による課題、その課題に対処するためにどのようなルールが形成されてきたかについて述べる。そして、公共工事調達とIT調達の共通点と相違点を比較することによってそれぞれの特長を浮き彫りにし、さらにゲームの理論を使ったモデル化により問題発生のメカニズムの分析を行う。この分析結果と調達実態を踏まえたうえで住民からの信頼回復のため調達の適正化のための課題を明らかにする

An image cytometric technique is a concise method to detect adenoviruses and host cell proteins and to monitor the infection and cellular responses induced

BackgroundGenetically modified adenoviruses (Ad) with preferential replications in tumor cells have been examined for a possible clinical applicability as an anti-cancer agent. A simple method to detect viral and cellular proteins is valuable to monitor the viral infections and to predict the Ad-mediated cytotoxicity.MethodsWe used type 5 Ad in which the expression of E1A gene was activated by 5′-regulatory sequences of genes that were augmented in the expression in human tumors. The Ad were further modified to have the fiber-knob region replaced with that derived from type 35 Ad. We infected human mesothelioma cells with the fiber-replaced Ad, and sequentially examined cytotoxic processes together with an expression level of the viral E1A, hexon, and cellular cleaved caspase-3 with image cytometric and Western blot analyses.ResultsThe replication-competent Ad produced cytotoxicity on mesothelioma cells. The infected cells expressed E1A and hexon 24 h after the infection and then showed cleavage of caspase-3, all of which were detected with image cytometry and Western blot analysis. Image cytometry furthermore demonstrated that increased Ad doses did not enhance an expression level of E1A and hexon in an individual cell and that caspase-3-cleaved cells were found more frequently in hexon-positive cells than in E1A-positive cells. Image cytometry thus detected these molecular changes in a sensitive manner and at a single cell level. We also showed that an image cytometric technique detected expression changes of other host cell proteins, cyclin-E and phosphorylated histone H3 at a single cell level.ConclusionsImage cytometry is a concise procedure to detect expression changes of Ad and host cell proteins at a single cell level, and is useful to analyze molecular events after the infection

Clinical impact of postoperative loss in psoas major muscle and nutrition index after radical cystectomy for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Figure S3. Comparison of changes after radical cystectomy between neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated group and non-treated group. Time-course changes in cross-section area of the psoas major muscle at the level of L3 (a), abdominal skeletal muscle area at the level of L3 (b), the PNI (c) and, the CONUT score (d). Data of neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated group (red) and non-treated group (blue) are plotted by means ¹ SD. Scores of two groups compared in each time point by the Mann-Whitney U-test. ns, not significant. (TIFF 7424 kb

Syndecan-1を介したmicroRNA-126および149は前立腺癌における細胞増殖を制御する

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (19–24 nt), low molecular weight RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of target genes associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of the target mRNAs. In this study, we examined the expression of miRNA-126 (miR-126) and miR-149 in prostate cancer, and investigated the molecular mechanisms by which they affect syndecan-1 in prostate cancer. Functional analysis of miR-126 and miR-149 was conducted in the prostate cancer cell lines, PC3, Du145, and LNCaP. The expression levels of SOX2, NANOG, Oct4, miR-126 and miR-149 were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. After silencing syndecan-1, miR-126, and/or miR-149 in the PC3 cells, cell proliferation, senescence, and p21 induction were assessed using the MTS assay, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) assay, and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Compared to the Du145 and LNCaP cells, PC3 cells exhibited higher expression of syndecan-1. When syndecan-1 was silenced, the PC3 cells showed reduced expression of miR-126 and miR-149 most effectively. Suppression of miR-126 and/or miR-149 significantly inhibited cell growth via p21 induction and subsequently, induced senescence. The mRNA expression levels of SOX2, NANOG, and Oct4 were significantly increased in response to the silencing of miR-126 and/or miR-149. Our results suggest that miR-126 and miR-149 are associated with the expression of syndecan-1 in prostate cancer cells. These miRNAs promote cell proliferation by suppressing SOX2, NANOG, and Oct4. The regulation of these factors by miR-126 and miR-149 is essential for syndecan-1-mediated development of androgen-refractory prostate cancer.博士（医学）・乙第1358号・平成27年5月28日Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc